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Su M, Su Y. Recent Advances in Amphipathic Peptidomimetics as Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Drug Resistance. Molecules 2024; 29:2492. [PMID: 38893366 PMCID: PMC11173824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial drugs with novel structures and clear mechanisms of action that are active against drug-resistant bacteria has become an urgent need of safeguarding human health due to the rise of bacterial drug resistance. The discovery of AMPs and the development of amphipathic peptidomimetics have lay the foundation for novel antimicrobial agents to combat drug resistance due to their overall strong antimicrobial activities and unique membrane-active mechanisms. To break the limitation of AMPs, researchers have invested in great endeavors through various approaches in the past years. This review summarized the recent advances including the development of antibacterial small molecule peptidomimetics and peptide-mimic cationic oligomers/polymers, as well as mechanism-of-action studies. As this exciting interdisciplinary field is continuously expanding and growing, we hope this review will benefit researchers in the rational design of novel antimicrobial peptidomimetics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongxiang Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiaozuo University, Ren-Min Road, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
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Xing L, Li J, Bai Y, Lin Y, Xiao L, Li C, Zhao D, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu J, Wu K. Surface-confined alternating copolymerization with molecular precision by stoichiometric control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:666. [PMID: 38253587 PMCID: PMC10803352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Keen desires for artificial mimicry of biological polymers and property improvement of synthesized ones have triggered intensive explorations for sequence-controlled copolymerization. However, conventional synthesis faces great challenges to achieve this goal due to the strict requirements on reaction kinetics of comonomer pairs and tedious synthetic processes. Here, sequence-controlled alternating copolymerization with molecular precision is realized on surface. The stoichiometric control serves as a thermodynamic strategy to steer the polymerization selectivity, which enables the selective alternating organometallic copolymerization via intermolecular metalation of 4,4"-dibromo-p-terphenyl (P-Br) and 2,5-diethynyl-1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (A-H) with Ag adatoms on Ag(111) at P-Br: A-H = 2, as verified by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies. In contrast, homopolymerization yield increases as the stoichiometric ratio deviates from 2. The microscopic characterizations rationalize the mechanism, providing a delicate explanation of the stoichiometry-dependent polymerization. These findings pave a way to actualizing an efficient sequence control of copolymerization by surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lianghong Xiao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changlin Li
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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