1
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Naskar G, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Enabled Cyclization of Substituted Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids with Allylic Electrophiles. Org Lett 2024; 26:6580-6585. [PMID: 39052895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed cyclization of the β-C(sp3)-H bond of aliphatic carboxylic acids with allylic electrophiles providing five-membered γ-lactones in good to excellent yields is demonstrated. An acetyl-protected aminoethyl phenyl thioether ligand is used to promote the C-H activation reaction. A diverse range of allylic electrophiles such as allyl alcohols, allyl acetates, allyl sulfones, allyl phosphonate, allyl amine, and allyl ester have been utilized for this reaction. A feasible reaction mechanism has been proposed to account for the present cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Wang J, Li YD, Ge Y, Xu HJ, Hu Y. Ligand-Accelerated Pd-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H Arylation under the Catalytic System. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8759-8766. [PMID: 38863082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
It is universally acknowledged that ligands can improve the reaction activity to simplify the reaction operating conditions and enrich the applicability of the reaction. Therefore, we developed N-octylglycine ligand-accelerated Pd-catalyzed ortho-arylation of benzoic acids under mild conditions with just 6 h; moreover, this N-octylglycine ligand was successfully implemented to carboxyl-directed Pd-catalyzed β-C(sp3)-H arylation and ortho-arylation of phenylacetic acids under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yao-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ye Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua-Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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3
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Zhang T, Zhang ZY, Kang G, Sheng T, Yan JL, Yang YB, Ouyang Y, Yu JQ. Enantioselective remote methylene C-H (hetero)arylation of cycloalkane carboxylic acids. Science 2024; 384:793-798. [PMID: 38753778 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Stereoselective construction of γ- and δ-stereocenters in carbonyl compounds is a pivotal objective in asymmetric synthesis. Here, we report chiral bifunctional oxazoline-pyridone ligands that enable enantioselective palladium-catalyzed remote γ-C-H (hetero)arylations of free cycloalkane carboxylic acids, which are essential carbocyclic building blocks in organic synthesis. The reaction establishes γ-tertiary and α-quaternary stereocenters simultaneously in up to >99% enantiomeric excess, providing access to a wide range of cyclic chiral synthons and bioactive molecules. The sequential enantioselective editing of two methylene C-H bonds can be achieved by using chiral ligands with opposite configuration to construct carbocycles containing three chiral centers. Enantioselective remote δ-C-H (hetero)arylation is also realized to establish δ-stereocenters that are particularly challenging to access using classical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guowei Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tao Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jie-Lun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yuan-Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yuxin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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4
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Yeom S, Kim DY, Kim S, Gontala A, Park J, Lee YH, Kim HJ. Carboxylate-Directed Pd-Catalyzed β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of N-Methyl Alanine Derivatives for Diversification of Bioactive Peptides. Org Lett 2023; 25:9008-9013. [PMID: 38084750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a Pd(II)-catalyzed method for the β-C(sp3)-H arylation of N-Cbz- or N-Fmoc-protected N-methyl alanines, providing ready access to building blocks for N-methylated peptide synthesis. For this transformation, the native carboxylate was exploited as the directing group, attributing its success to the use of a monoprotected amino-pyridine ligand. Its synthetic utility was demonstrated by facile generation of nine analogues of the naturally occurring N-methylated cyclic peptide cycloaspeptide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Yeom
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Gontala
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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5
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Hoque ME, Yu JQ. Ligand-Enabled Double γ-C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization of Aliphatic Acids: One-Step Synthesis of γ-Arylated γ-Lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312331. [PMID: 37851865 PMCID: PMC11221842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
γ-methylene C(sp3 )-H functionalization of linear free carboxylic acids remains a significant challenge. Here in we report a Pd(II)-catalyzed tandem γ-arylation and γ-lactonization of aliphatic acids enabled by a L,X-type CarboxPyridone ligand. A wide range of γ-arylated γ-lactones are synthesized in a single step from aliphatic acids in moderate to good yield. Arylated lactones can readily be converted into disubstituted tetrahydrofurans, a prominent scaffold amongst bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emdadul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Xu LC, Ma XD, Liu KM, Duan XF. Chemo- and Regioselective Alkylation of Pyridine N-Oxides with Titanacyclopropanes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38016093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
While titanacyclopropanes are used to react mainly with ester, amide, and cyano to undergo cyclopropanation, herein they react preferentially with pyridine N-oxide to accomplish C2-H alkylation beyond these functionalities with double regioselectivity. After being pyridylated at the less hindered C-Ti bond, the remaining C-Ti bond of titanacyclopropanes can be further functionalized by various electrophiles, allowing facile introduction of complex alkyls onto the C2 of pyridines. Its synthetic potential has been demonstrated by late-stage diversification of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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7
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Hu L, Meng G, Chen X, Yoon JS, Shan JR, Chekshin N, Strassfeld DA, Sheng T, Zhuang Z, Jazzar R, Bertrand G, Houk KN, Yu JQ. Enhancing Substrate-Metal Catalyst Affinity via Hydrogen Bonding: Pd(II)-Catalyzed β-C(sp 3)-H Bromination of Free Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37487009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of sufficient substrate-metal catalyst affinity is a fundamental challenge for the development of synthetically useful C-H activation reactions of weakly coordinating native substrates. While hydrogen bonding has been harnessed to bias site selectivity in existing C(sp2)-H activation reactions, the potential for designing catalysts with hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) to enhance catalyst-substrate affinity and, thereby, facilitate otherwise unreactive C(sp3)-H activation remains to be demonstrated. Herein, we report the discovery of a ligand scaffold containing a remote amide motif that can form a favorable meta-macrocyclic hydrogen bonding interaction with the aliphatic acid substrate. The utility of this ligand scaffold is demonstrated through the development of an unprecedented C(sp3)-H bromination of α-tertiary and α-quaternary free carboxylic acids, which proceeds in exceedingly high mono-selectivity. The geometric relationship between the NHAc hydrogen bond donor and the coordinating quinoline ligand is crucial for forming the meta-macrocyclophane-like hydrogen bonding interaction, which provides a guideline for the future design of catalysts employing secondary interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joseph S Yoon
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jing-Ran Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nikita Chekshin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel A Strassfeld
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tao Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Meng G, Hu L, Chan HSS, Qiao JX, Yu JQ. Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes via Ligand-Enabled Sequential Dehydrogenation of Aliphatic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13003-13007. [PMID: 37285407 PMCID: PMC11139440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dienes are common scaffolds in biologically active natural products as well as building blocks for chemical synthesis. Developing efficient methods for the synthesis of diverse 1,3-dienes from simple starting materials is therefore highly desirable. Herein, we report a Pd(II)-catalyzed sequential dehydrogenation reaction of free aliphatic acids via β-methylene C-H activation, which enables one-step synthesis of diverse E,E-1,3-dienes. Free aliphatic acids of varying complexities, including the antiasthmatic drug seratrodast, were found to be compatible with the reported protocol. Considering the high lability of 1,3-dienes and lack of protecting strategies, dehydrogenation of aliphatic acids to reveal 1,3-dienes at the late stage of synthesis offers an appealing strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules containing such motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hau Sun Sam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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9
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Yun SJ, Kim J, Kang E, Jung H, Kim HT, Kim M, Joo JM. Nondirected Pd-Catalyzed C–H Perdeuteration and meta-Selective Alkenylation of Arenes Enabled by Pyrazolopyridone Ligands. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jin Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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