1
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Zhan Z, Liu Y, Wang W, Du G, Cai S, Wang P. Atomic-level imaging of beam-sensitive COFs and MOFs by low-dose electron microscopy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:900-933. [PMID: 38512352 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Electron microscopy, an important technique that allows for the precise determination of structural information with high spatiotemporal resolution, has become indispensable in unravelling the complex relationships between material structure and properties ranging from mesoscale morphology to atomic arrangement. However, beam-sensitive materials, particularly those comprising organic components such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), would suffer catastrophic damage from the high energy electrons, hindering the determination of atomic structures. A low-dose approach has arisen as a possible solution to this problem based on the integration of advancements in several aspects: electron optical system, detector, image processing, and specimen preservation. This article summarizes the transmission electron microscopy characterization of MOFs and COFs, including local structures, host-guest interactions, and interfaces at the atomic level. Revolutions in advanced direct electron detectors, algorithms in image acquisition and processing, and emerging methodology for high quality low-dose imaging are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives on the future development of electron microscopy methodology with the support of computer science are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Guangyu Du
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Songhua Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
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2
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Sun L, Pan X, Xie YN, Zheng J, Xu S, Li L, Zhao G. Accelerated Dynamic Reconstruction in Metal-Organic Frameworks with Ligand Defects for Selective Electrooxidation of Amines to Azos Coupling with Hydrogen Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402176. [PMID: 38470010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis coupled hydrogen production (ESHP) mostly involves catalyst reconstruction in aqueous phase, but accurately identifying and controlling the process is still a challenge. Herein, we modulated the electronic structure and exposed unsaturated sites of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via ligand defect to promote the reconstruction of catalyst for azo electrosynthesis (ESA) coupled with hydrogen production overall reaction. The monolayer Ni-MOFs achieved 89.8 % Faraday efficiency and 90.8 % selectivity for the electrooxidation of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (Pyr-NH2) to azo, and an 18.5-fold increase in H2 production compared to overall water splitting. Operando X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS) and various in situ spectroscopy confirm that the ligand defect promotes the potential dependent dynamic reconstruction of Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH, and the reabsorption of ligand significantly lowers the energy barrier of rate-determining step (*Pyr-NH to *Pyr-N). This work provides theoretical guidance for modulation of electrocatalyst reconstruction to achieve highly selective ESHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Sun
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xun Pan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jingui Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shaohan Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lina Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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3
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Xie X, Xu L, Zeng Q, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Yin C, Wang X. A NiMOF integrated with conductive materials for efficient bifunctional electrocatalysis of urea oxidation and oxygen evolution reactions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2565-2574. [PMID: 38221875 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) bifunctional electrocatalysts has dual significance in promoting hydrogen energy production and urea-rich wastewater treatment. Herein, a carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH)-ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc-COOH) modulated NiMOF hybrid material (MWCNT-NiMOF(Fc)) has been synthesized for dual electrocatalysis of the UOR and OER. The material characterization results indicated that MWCNT-COOH and Fc-COOH were integrated into the framework structure of the NiMOF. The direct interaction between the NiMOF and MWCNT/Fc facilitated electron transfer in the hybrid material and led to lattice strain, which improved the charge transfer kinetics, promoted the exposure of more unsaturated Ni sites, and increased the electrochemically active surface area. These factors together enhanced the electrocatalytic activity of MWCNT-NiMOF(Fc) towards the UOR and OER. Using a glassy carbon electrode as the substrate, MWCNT-NiMOF(Fc) exhibited low potential requirements, low Tafel slopes, and high stability. In overall urea and water splitting electrolysis cells, the excellent UOR and OER dual functional catalytic ability and enormous practical application potential of the MWCNT-NiMOF(Fc) modified foam nickel electrode were further demonstrated. On the basis of the above research, the influence of a KOH environment on urea electrolysis was further studied, and the urea electrolysis products were analyzed, promoting a more comprehensive understanding of the catalytic performance of MWCNT-NiMOF(Fc) for urea oxidation. This study provides a new approach for developing high-performance NiMOF-based electrocatalysts for challenging bifunctional UOR/OER applications, and has potential application value in hydrogen production from urea-containing wastewater electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
- Shandong Tianyi Chemical Co., Ltd, Weifang 262737, China
| | - Qingsheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Zhaona Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Chuanxia Yin
- Marine Development and Fisheries Bureau of Kenli Distinct, Dongying 257500, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
- Xinjiang Blue Ridge Tunhe Degradable Materials Co., Ltd, Changji 831100, China
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4
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Liu Y, Liu X, Su A, Gong C, Chen S, Xia L, Zhang C, Tao X, Li Y, Li Y, Sun T, Bu M, Shao W, Zhao J, Li X, Peng Y, Guo P, Han Y, Zhu Y. Revolutionizing the structural design and determination of covalent-organic frameworks: principles, methods, and techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:502-544. [PMID: 38099340 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an important class of crystalline porous materials with designable structures and functions. The interconnected organic monomers, featuring pre-designed symmetries and connectivities, dictate the structures of COFs, endowing them with high thermal and chemical stability, large surface area, and tunable micropores. Furthermore, by utilizing pre-functionalization or post-synthetic functionalization strategies, COFs can acquire multifunctionalities, leading to their versatile applications in gas separation/storage, catalysis, and optoelectronic devices. Our review provides a comprehensive account of the latest advancements in the principles, methods, and techniques for structural design and determination of COFs. These cutting-edge approaches enable the rational design and precise elucidation of COF structures, addressing fundamental physicochemical challenges associated with host-guest interactions, topological transformations, network interpenetration, and defect-mediated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikuan Liu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaona Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - An Su
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengtao Gong
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shenwei Chen
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liwei Xia
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohuan Tao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yonghe Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tulai Sun
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengru Bu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Shao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia Zhao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongwu Peng
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yu Han
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Hou R, Yang X, Su L, Cen W, Ye L, Sun D. Accelerating structure reconstruction to form NiOOH in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for boosting the oxygen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18858-18863. [PMID: 37966341 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts to generate metal hydroxide/oxyhydroxide species is critical for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the controllable regulation of the reconstruction process still remains a challenge. Given the designable nature of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), herein, we have reported a localized structure disordering strategy to accelerate the structural reconstruction of Ni-BDC to generate NiOOH for boosting the OER. The Ni-BDC nanosheets were modified by Fe3+ and urea to form cracks, which could promote the accessibility of the Ni sites by the electrolyte and thus promote the reconstruction to form NiOOH. In addition, the interaction between Ni2+ and Fe3+ allows the electron flow from Ni2+ to Fe3+, further enhancing the NiOOH generation. As a result, the optimized sample exhibits excellent OER activity with a small overpotential of 251 mV at 10 mA cm-2, which is superior to most of the MOF-based OER catalysts reported previously. This work provides a controllable strategy to regulate the structural reconstruction for promoting the OER, which could provide important guidance for the development of more efficient OER electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyao Hou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Linghui Su
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wanglai Cen
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, P. R. China
| | - Dengrong Sun
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, P. R. China
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6
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Arunkumar P, Gayathri S, Rajasekar A, Senthil Kumar S, Kumar Kamaraj S, Hun Han J. Lewis acidic Fe 3+-driven catalytic active Ni 3+ formation in Fe-free metal-organic framework for enhanced electrochemical glucose sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 656:424-439. [PMID: 38000254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating metal valence states and porosity in the metal-organic framework (MOF) by alloying has been a unique tool for creating high-valent metal sites and pore environments in a structure that are inaccessible by other methods, favorable for accelerating the catalytic activity towards sensing applications. Herein, we report Fe3+-driven formation of catalytic active Ni3+ species in the amine-crafted benzene-dicarboxylate (BDC-NH2)-based MOF as a high-performance electrocatalyst for glucose sensing. This work took the benefit of different bonding stability between BDC-NH2 ligand, and Fe3+ and Ni2+ metal precursor ions in the heterometallic NixFe(1-x)-BDC-NH2 MOF. The FeCl3 that interacts weakly with ligand, oxidizes the Ni2+ precursor to Ni3+-based MOF owing to its Lewis acidic behavior and was subsequently removed from the structure supported by Ni atoms, during solvothermal synthesis. This enables to create mesopores within a highly stable Ni-MOF structure with optimal feed composition of Ni0.7Fe0.3-BDC-NH2. The Ni3+-based Ni0.7Fe0.3-BDC-NH2 demonstrates superior catalytic properties towards glucose sensing with a high sensitivity of 13,435 µA mM-1 cm-2 compared to the parent Ni2+-based Ni-BDC-NH2 (10897 μA mM-1cm-2), along with low detection limit (0.9 μM), short response time (≤5 s), excellent selectivity, and higher stability. This presented approach for fabricating high-valent nickel species, with a controlled quantity of Fe3+ integrated into the structure allowing pore engineering of MOFs, opens new avenues for designing high-performing MOF catalysts with porous framework for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Arunkumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sampath Gayathri
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632115, India
| | - Shanmugam Senthil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Kamaraj
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)-Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CICATA-Altamira), Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira Km14.5, C. Manzano, Industrial Altamira, 89600 Altamira, Tamps, México
| | - Jong Hun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Dong P, Gu Y, Wen G, Luo R, Bao S, Ma J, Lei J. A Self-Templated Design Approach toward Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301473. [PMID: 37312658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate metal-organic framework (MOF) is an ideal electrocatalytic material due to the synergistic effect of multiple metal active sites. In this study, a series of ternary M-NiMOF (M = Co, Cu) through a simple self-templated strategy that the Co/Cu MOF isomorphically grows in situ on the surface of NiMOF is designed. Owing to the electron rearrange of adjacent metals, the ternary CoCu-NiMOFs demonstrate the improved intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. At optimized conditions, the ternary Co3 Cu-Ni2 MOFs nanosheets give the excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of current density of 10 mA cm-2 at low overpotential of 288 mV with a Tafel slope of 87 mV dec-1 , which is superior to that of bimetallic nanosheet and ternary microflowers. The low free energy change of potential-determining step identifies that the OER process is favorable at Cu-Co concerted sites along with strong synergistic effect of Ni nodes. Partially oxidized metal sites also reduce the electron density, thus accelerating the OER catalytic rate. The self-templated strategy provides a universal tool to design multivariate MOF electrocatalysts for highly efficient energy transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gehua Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Songsong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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8
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Li G, Zhang H, Han Y. Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10728-10749. [PMID: 37642645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) is an emerging field that aims to tailor the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials by precisely manipulating their crystal phases. To advance PEN effectively, it is vital to possess the capability of characterizing the structures and compositions of nanomaterials with precision. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a versatile tool that combines reciprocal-space diffraction, real-space imaging, and spectroscopic techniques, allowing for comprehensive characterization with exceptional resolution in the domains of time, space, momentum, and, increasingly, even energy. In this Review, we first introduce the fundamental mechanisms behind various TEM-related techniques, along with their respective application scopes and limitations. Subsequently, we review notable applications of TEM in PEN research, including applications in fields such as metallic nanostructures, carbon allotropes, low-dimensional materials, and nanoporous materials. Specifically, we underscore its efficacy in phase identification, composition and chemical state analysis, in situ observations of phase evolution, as well as the challenges encountered when dealing with beam-sensitive materials. Furthermore, we discuss the potential generation of artifacts during TEM imaging, particularly in scanning modes, and propose methods to minimize their occurrence. Finally, we offer our insights into the present state and future trends of this field, discussing emerging technologies including four-dimensional scanning TEM, three-dimensional atomic-resolution imaging, and electron microscopy automation while highlighting the significance and feasibility of these advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Li
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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9
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Zhai W, Chen Y, Liu Y, Sakthivel T, Ma Y, Qin Y, Qu Y, Dai Z. Enlarging the Ni-O Bond Polarizability in a Phosphorene-Hosted Metal-Organic Framework for Boosted Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17254-17264. [PMID: 37650602 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The emerging lattice-oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) presents attractive opportunities for breaking the scaling relationship to boost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with the direct OLattice-*O interaction. However, currently the LOM-triggering rationales are still debated, and a streamlined physicochemical paradigm is extremely desirable for the design of LOM-defined OER catalysts. Herein, a Ni metal-organic framework/black phosphorene (NiMOF/BP) heterostructure is theoretically profiled and constructed as a catalytic platform for the LOM-derived OER studies. It is found that the p-type BP host can enlarge the Ni-O bond polarizability of NiMOF through the Ni-O bond stretching and Ni valence declining synergically. Such an enlarged bond polarizability will in principle alleviate the lattice oxygen confinement to benefit the LOM pathway and OER performance. As a result, the optimized NiMOF/BP catalyst exhibits promising OER performance with a low overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and long-term stability in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Both experiment and calculation results suggest the activated LOM pathway with a more balanced step barrier in the NiMOF/BP OER catalyst. This research puts forward Ni-O bond polarizability as the criterion to design LOM-scaled electrocatalysts for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoda Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Thangavel Sakthivel
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu B, Chen X, Huang N, Liu S, Wang Y, Lan X, Wei F, Wang T. Imaging the dynamic influence of functional groups on metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4835. [PMID: 37563138 PMCID: PMC10415300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with different functional groups have wide applications, while the understanding of functionalization influences remains insufficient. Previous researches focused on the static changes in electronic structure or chemical environment, while it is unclear in the aspect of dynamic influence, especially in the direct imaging of dynamic changes after functionalization. Here we use integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC-STEM) to directly 'see' the rotation properties of benzene rings in the linkers of UiO-66, and observe the high correlation between local rigidity and the functional groups on the organic linkers. The rigidity is then correlated to the macroscopic properties of CO2 uptake, indicating that functionalization can change the capability through not only static electronic effects, but also dynamic rotation properties. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example of a technique to directly image the rotation properties of linkers in MOFs, which provides an approach to study the local flexibility and paves the way for potential applications in capturing, separation and molecular machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
- Ordos Laboratory, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China.
| | - Ning Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Sinopec Economics and Development Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaoxiong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaocheng Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Tiefeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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