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Luo R, Luo X, Xu H, Wan S, Lv H, Zou B, Wang Y, Liu T, Wu C, Chen Q, Yu S, Dong P, Tian Y, Xi K, Yuan S, Wu X, Ju H, Lei J. Reticular Ratchets for Directing Electrochemiluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38837248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) involves charge transfer between electrochemical redox intermediates to produce an excited state for light emission. Ensuring precise control of charge transfer is essential for decoding ECL fundamentals, yet guidelines on how to achieve this for conventional emitters remain unexplored. Molecular ratchets offer a potential solution, as they enable the directional transfer of energy or chemicals while impeding the reverse movement. Herein, we designed 10 pairs of imine-based covalent organic frameworks as reticular ratchets to delicately manipulate the intrareticular charge transfer for directing ECL transduction from electric and chemical energies. Aligning the donor and acceptor (D-A) directions with the imine dipole effectively facilitates charge migration, whereas reversing the D-A direction impedes it. Notably, the ratchet effect of charge transfer directionality intensified with increasing D-A contrast, resulting in a remarkable 680-fold improvement in the ECL efficiency. Furthermore, dipole-controlled exciton binding energy, electron/hole decay kinetics, and femtosecond transient absorption spectra identified the electron transfer tendency from the N-end toward the C-end of reticular ratchets during ECL transduction. An exponential correlation between the ECL efficiency and the dipole difference was discovered. Our work provides a general approach to manipulate charge transfer and design next-generation electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and iChem, Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haocheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sushu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and iChem, Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Beier Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and iChem, Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Yao C, Wang S, Zha Y, Xu Y. 2D Porphyrin-Based Covalent-Organic Framework/PEG Composites: A Rational Strategy for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400250. [PMID: 38837471 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional porphyrin-based covalent-organic frameworks (2D-por-COFs) have gained significant attention as attractive platforms for efficient solar light conversion into hydrogen production. Herein, it is found that introducing transition metal zinc and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into 2D-por-COFs can effectively improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of ZnPor-COF is 2.82 times higher than that of H2Por-COF. Moreover, ZnPor-COF@PEG has the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency, which is 1.31 and 3.7 times that of pristine ZnPor-COF and H2Por-COF, respectively. The filling of PEG makes the layered structure of COFs more stable. PEG reduces the distortion and deformation of the carbon skeleton after the experiment of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The layered stacking and crystallization of 2D-por-COFs are also enhanced. Meanwhile, the presence of PEG also accelerates the transfer of excited electrons and enhances the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. This strategy will provide valuable insights into the design of 2D-por-COFs as efficient solid photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Yixuan Zha
- The Imperial Palace of Shenyang Ancient Architecture and Landscape Engineering Limited Corporation, Shenyang, 110011, China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
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3
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Liu M, Xu Q, Zeng G. Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks in Adsorption and Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404886. [PMID: 38563659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The ion extraction and electro/photo catalysis are promising methods to address environmental and energy issues. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of promising template to construct absorbents and catalysts because of their stable frameworks, high surface areas, controllable pore environments, and well-defined catalytic sites. Among them, ionic COFs as unique class of crystalline porous materials, with charges in the frameworks or along the pore walls, have shown different properties and resulting performance in these applications with those from charge-neutral COFs. In this review, current research progress based on the ionic COFs for ion extraction and energy conversion, including cationic/anionic materials and electro/photo catalysis is reviewed in terms of the synthesis strategy, modification methods, mechanisms of adsorption and catalysis, as well as applications. Finally, we demonstrated the current challenges and future development of ionic COFs in design strategies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315199, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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4
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He C, Tao S, Liu R, Zhi Y, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Linkage Chemistry and Its Critical Role in The Evolution of π Electronic Structures and Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403472. [PMID: 38502777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide a molecular platform for designing a novel class of functional materials with well-defined structures. A crucial structural parameter is the linkage, which dictates how knot and linker units are connected to form two-dimensional polymers and layer frameworks, shaping ordered π-array and porous architectures. However, the roles of linkage in the development of ordered π electronic structures and functions remain fundamental yet unresolved issues. Here we report the designed synthesis of COFs featuring four representative linkages: hydrazone, imine, azine, and C=C bonds, to elucidate their impacts on the evolution of π electronic structures and functions. Our observations revealed that the hydrazone linkage provides a non-conjugated connection, while imine and azine allow partial π conjugation, and the C=C bond permits full π-conjugation. Importantly, the linkage profoundly influences the control of π electronic structures and functions, unraveling its pivotal role in determining key electronic properties such as band gap, frontier energy levels, light absorption, luminescence, carrier density and mobility, and magnetic permeability. These findings highlight the significance of linkage chemistry in COFs and offer a general and transformative guidance for designing framework materials to achieve electronic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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5
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Luo X, Wang Y, Lv H, Wu X. Asymmetric Potential Model of Two-Dimensional Imine Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Quantum Efficiency for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5467-5475. [PMID: 38748088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) assembled using building blocks have been widely employed in photocatalysis due to their customizable optoelectronic characteristics and porous structure, which facilitate charge carrier and mass movement. Nevertheless, the development of COF photocatalysts encounters a continuous obstacle in enhancing the efficiency of photocatalysis, impeded by a limited comprehension of the orbital interaction between molecular fragments and linkers. In this study, we present a model that examines the interaction between molecular fragments in an imine-based COF at the frontier molecular orbital level, enabling us to comprehend the impact of manipulating linkers on light adsorption, exciton efficiency, and catalytic activity. Our findings demonstrate that altering the connecting orientation of 14 R-C=N-R imine linkers in 2D COFs can enhance solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency under visible light from 2.76% to 4.24%. This research has the potential to provide a valuable model for refining photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Key laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- Key laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Key laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Key laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Yan Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Lu Z, Peng Y, Chen Z, Xu Q. Linkage-Mediated Electronic Structure Modulation in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Dramatically Promoted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2024:e202401122. [PMID: 38749913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Linkage chemistry is an essential aspect to covalent organic framework (COF) applications; it is highly desirable to precisely modulate electronic structure mediated directly by linkage for efficient COF-based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which however, remains substantially challenging. Herein, as a proof of concept, a collection of robust multicomponent pyrene-based COFs with abundant donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions has been judiciously designed and synthesized through molecularly engineering linkage for photogeneration of hydrogen. Controlled locking and conversion of linkage critically contribute to continuously regulating COFs' electronic structures further to optimize photocatalytic activities. Remarkably, the well-modulated optoelectronic properties turn on the average hydrogen evolution rate from zero to 15.67 mmol g-1 h-1 by the protonated quinoline-linked COF decorated with the trifluoromethyl group (TT-PQCOF-CF3). Using diversified spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we show that multiple modifications toward linkage synergistically lead to the redistribution of charge on COFs with extended π-conjugation and reinforced D-A effect, making TT-PQCOF-CF3 a promising material with significantly boosted carrier separation and migration. This study provides important guidance for the design of high-performance COF photocatalysts based on the strategy of linkage-mediated electronic structure modulation in COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xikai Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14621, United States
| | - Yunlei Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China, University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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7
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Dong P, Xu X, Wu T, Luo R, Kong W, Xu Z, Yuan S, Zhou J, Lei J. Stepwise Protonation of Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405313. [PMID: 38738593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs), recognized for their tailorable structures and accessible active sites, offer a promising platform for developing advanced photocatalysts. However, the difficulty in the synthesis and functionalization of 3D COFs hinders their further development. In this study, we present a series of 3D-bcu-COFs with 8 connected porphyrin units linked by linear linkers through imine bonds as a versatile platform for photocatalyst design. The photoresponse of 3D-bcu-COFs was initially modulated by functionalizing linear linkers with benzo-thiadiazole or benzo-selenadiazole groups. Furthermore, taking advantage of the well-exposed porphyrin and imine sites in 3D-bcu-COFs, their photocatalytic activity was optimized by stepwise protonation of imine bonds and porphyrin centers. The dual protonated COF with benzo-selenadiazole groups exhibited enhanced charge separation, leading to an increased photocatalytic H2O2 production under visible light. This enhancement demonstrates the combined benefits of linker functionalization and stepwise protonation on photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Taikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weisu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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8
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Ren X, Wen M, Hou X, Sun J, Bai F, Li Y. Covalent organic framework isomers with divergent photocatalytic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4423-4426. [PMID: 38523593 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A pair of isomeric Py-BT-COFs with the same composition, but slightly different atomic arrangements, were designed and synthesized. The minute structural variations of the Py-BT-COF isomers generated significantly different redox and photophysical properties and correspondingly led to different photocatalytic manifestations in H2 evolution and rhodamine B degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mengyao Wen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiaobin Hou
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jiajie Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yusen Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Gu CC, Ni CQ, Wu RJ, Deng L, Zou J, Li H, Tong CY, Xu FH, Weng BC, Zhu RL. Donor-acceptor moiety functionalized covalent organic frameworks for boosting charge separation and H 2 photogeneration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:450-458. [PMID: 38118191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a broad prospect to be used as a photocatalytic platform to convert solar energy into valuable chemicals due to their tunable structures and rich active catalytic sites. However, constructing COFs with tuned sp2-carbon donor-acceptor moiety remains an enormous challenge. Herein, we synthesized two new fully π-conjugated cyano-ethylene-linked COFs containing benzotrithiophene as functional group by Knoevenagel polycondensation reaction. The accetpor 2,2'-bipyridine unit in BTT-BpyDAN-COF skeleton favored the formation of a intermolecular specific electron transport pathway with the donor benzotrithiophene, and thereby promoted charge separation and transfer efficiency. Specifically, a donor-acceptor (D-A) type BTT-BpyDAN-COF exhibited high hydrogen evolution rate of 10.1 mmol g-1h-1 and an excellent apparent quantum efficiency of 4.83 % under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Gu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen-Quan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Run-Juan Wu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chun-Yi Tong
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Ri-Long Zhu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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10
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Zhong Y, Dong W, Ren S, Li L. Oligo(phenylenevinylene)-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308251. [PMID: 37781857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great advantages as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. However, the effect of linkage geometry and type of linkage on the extent of π-electron conjugation in the plane of the framework and photocatalytic properties of COFs remains a significant challenge. Herein, two Kagome (kgm) topologic oligo(phenylenevinylene)-based COFs are designed and synthesized for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via a "two in one" strategy. Under visible light irradiation, COF-954 with 5 wt% Pt as cocatalyst exhibits high hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 137.23 mmol g-1 h-1 , outperforming most reported COF-based photocatalysts. More importantly, even in natural seawater, COF-954 shows an average HER of 191.70 mmol g-1 h-1 under ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light irradiation. Additionally, the water-drainage experiments indoors and outdoors demonstrate that 25 and 8 mL hydrogen gas could be produced in 80 min under UV-vis light and natural sunlight, respectively, corresponding to a high HER of 167.41 and 53.57 mmol h-1 g-1 . This work not only demonstrates an effective design strategy toward highly efficient COF-based photocatalysts, but also shows the great potential of using the COF-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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11
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Li M, Chu J, Ding D, Li T, Su E, Song Y, Yang YF, She Y, Jia J. Towards high-performance nonlinear optical materials through embedding a D-A system into β-ketoenamine-linked COFs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37991933 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04845d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Two covalent organic framework (COF) films supported by a glass substrate were obtained by solvothermal reaction of an electron donor with electron acceptor 1,3,5-triformylbenzene (TF) or 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP), respectively. The TFP-BD film exhibits a nonlinear absorption coefficient of -3.01 × 105 cm GW-1. The TFP-BD film can aggregate electrons around the connected monomer through the D-A effect due to its highly polar and electronegative carbonyl oxygen atoms, thereby modulating the electronic structure of the COFs. This work provides a novel approach for the structural modulation of optical materials with strong nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jiahui Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Debo Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Endian Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yinglin Song
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jianhong Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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12
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Feng B, Chen X, Yan P, Huang S, Lu C, Ji H, Zhu J, Yang Z, Cao K, Zhuang X. Isomeric Dual-Pore Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37968832 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity have been increasingly recognized as promising materials in various fields. Besides, the 2D COFs with kagome (kgm) topology can exhibit unique optoelectronic features and have extensive applications. However, rational synthesis of the COFs with kgm topology remains challenging because of competition with a square-lattice topology. Herein, we report two isomeric dual-pore 2D COFs with kgm topology using a novel geometric strategy to reduce the symmetry of their building blocks, which are four-armed naphthalene-based and azulene-based isomeric monomers. Owing to the large dipole moment of azulene, as-prepared azulene-based COF (COF-Az) possesses a considerably narrow band gap of down to 1.37 eV, which is much narrower than the naphthalene-based 2D COF (COF-Nap: 2.28 eV) and is the lowest band gap among reported imine-linked dual-pore 2D COFs. Moreover, COF-Az was used as electrode material in a gas sensor and exhibits high selectivity for NO2, including a high response rate (58.7%) to NO2 (10 ppm), fast recovery (72 s), up to 10 weeks of stability, and resistance to 80% relative humidity, which are superior to those of reported COF-based NO2 gas sensors. The calculation and in situ experimental results indicate that the large dipole moment of azulene boosts the sensitivity of the imine linkages. The usage of isomeric building blocks not only enables the synthesis of 2D COFs with isometric kgm topology but also provides an azulene-based 2D platform for studying the structure-property correlations of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxu Feng
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Pu Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Senhe Huang
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chenbao Lu
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiping Ji
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
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13
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Han X, Dong W, Li L, Zhou X. Improved photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 with a regulated covalent organic framework thin film. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11863-11866. [PMID: 37721474 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, one-dimensional TiO2 nanotube arrays are coupled with a covalent organic framework (COF) thin film with a controlled thickness to form a three-dimensional heterojunction, which exhibits a 3.3-fold higher hydrogen evolution rate than that of TiO2, and becomes active for CO2 conversion, compared to the bare COF. Such high activity results from the large difference in Fermi levels forming an internal electric field at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbo Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
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14
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Ji H, Li M, Yan G, Qiao D, Dong B, Feng Y, Qu X, Shi J, Zhang X. Thiadiazole-Derived Covalent Organic Framework Macroscopic Ultralight Aerogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37487247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Shaping covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into macroscopic objects for practical application remains a huge challenge. Herein, a new thiadiazole-derived COF macroscopic ultralight aerogel (NNS-VCOF) was prepared through acid-catalyzed aldol condensation between 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole and a tritopic aromatic aldehyde derivative. NNS-VCOF aerogel shows extremely low density (ca. 0.020 g cm-3), excellent mechanical properties (compression modulus of 16.65 kPa), thermal insulation properties (low thermal conductivity of 0.03270 W m-1 K-1 at 25 °C), and flame retardancy (quickly self-extinguishing after ignition) due to its three-dimensional sponge-like architecture and special nitrogen heterocyclic framework. To our delight, NNS-VCOF aerogel not only can be used as an outstanding macroscopic material but also shows efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties in a powder state because of the superhydrophilicity and appropriate optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ji
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Gaojie Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
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15
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Liu H, Zheng X, Xu J, Jia X, Chao M, Wang D, Zhao Y. Structural Regulation of Thiophene-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16794-16800. [PMID: 36946700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two imine-based 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with slight differences in their core structures are presented. The COF containing benzotrithiophene moieties with better planarity and π-conjugation (BTTh-TZ-COF) shows much better photocatalytic activity than the COF with trithienylbenzene cores (TThB-TZ-COF). Further photoelectrochemical study reveals the catalytic mechanism in more detail. Since other factors such as crystallinity, porosity, and optical bandgaps are equal, the different structures of the cores in the two similar COFs are the major contributors to the significantly different photocatalytic performance. The better electron delocalization of the planar trithiophene-based core and the enhanced D-A interactions between the triazine and trithiophene units in BTTh-TZ-COF create efficient charge separation and transfer, thus leading to superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. A new strategy for preparing high-performance organic photocatalysts for solar-energy conversion is revealed by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuhan Zheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xu Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Menghuan Chao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Danbo Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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