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Ren M, Yu S, Li X, Yuan W, Lu J, Xiong Y, Liu H, Wang J, Wei J. Synthesis of gem-Difluorohomoallyl Amines via a Transition-Metal-Free Defluorinative Alkylation of Benzyl Amines with Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8342-8356. [PMID: 38819657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A mild and transition-metal-free defluorinative alkylation of benzyl amines with trifluoromethyl alkenes is reported. The features of this protocol are easy-to-obtain starting materials, a wide range of substrates, and functional group tolerance as well as high atom economy, thus offering a strategy to access a variety of gem-difluorohomoallyl amines, which are extensively distributed in pharmaceuticals and bioactive agents, with excellent chemoselectivity. The primary products can be further transformed to a diversity of 2-fluorinated pyrroline compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ren
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shengjiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenlong Yuan
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ji Lu
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 265500, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Wang H, Jie X, Chong Q, Meng F. Pathway-divergent coupling of 1,3-enynes with acrylates through cascade cobalt catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3427. [PMID: 38654019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalytic cascade transformations of simple starting materials into highly functionalized molecules bearing a stereochemically defined multisubstituted alkene, which are important in medicinal chemistry, natural product synthesis, and material science, are in high demand for organic synthesis. The development of multiple reaction pathways accurately controlled by catalysts derived from different ligands is a critical goal in the field of catalysis. Here we report a cobalt-catalyzed strategy for the direct coupling of inexpensive 1,3-enynes with two molecules of acrylates to construct a high diversity of functionalized 1,3-dienes containing a trisubstituted or tetrasubstituted olefin. Such cascade reactions can proceed through three different pathways initiated by oxidative cyclization to achieve multiple bond formation in high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity precisely controlled by ligands, providing a platform for the development of tandem carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinglei Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Fanke Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300074, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China.
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Yu T, Zhang J, Liu G, Duan L, Tian KV, Chass GA, Mu W. Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Unsymmetrical Bis-Allylation of Alkynes with Alkenes: A Density Functional Theory Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1475. [PMID: 38611755 PMCID: PMC11012778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) characterizations were employed to resolve the structural and energetic aspects and product selectivities along the mechanistic reaction paths of the nickel-catalyzed three-component unsymmetrical bis-allylation of alkynes with alkenes. Our putative mechanism initiated with the in situ generation of the active catalytic species [Ni(0)L2] (L = NHC) from its precursors [Ni(COD)2, NHC·HCl] to activate the alkyne and alkene substrates to form the final skipped trienes. This proceeds via the following five sequential steps: oxidative addition (OA), β-F elimination, ring-opening complexation, C-B cleavage and reductive elimination (RE). Both the OA and RE steps (with respective free energy barriers of 24.2 and 24.8 kcal·mol-1) contribute to the observed reaction rates, with the former being the selectivity-controlling step of the entire chemical transformation. Electrophilic/nucleophilic properties of selected substrates were accurately predicted through dual descriptors (based on Hirshfeld charges), with the chemo- and regio-selectivities being reasonably predicted and explained. Further distortion/interaction and interaction region indicator (IRI) analyses for key stationary points along reaction profiles indicate that the participation of the third component olefin (allylboronate) and tBuOK additive played a crucial role in facilitating the reaction and regenerating the active catalyst, ensuring smooth formation of the skipped triene product under a favorably low dosage of the Ni(COD)2 catalyst (5 mol%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Liangfei Duan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Kun V. Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Mesoscale Engineering Halcyon S.R.L., 00154 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gregory A. Chass
- Mesoscale Engineering Halcyon S.R.L., 00154 Rome, Italy;
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Weihua Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
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Shi Y, Nie J, Wu Z, Ji X, Huang H. Photoredox Enabled Defluorinative Benzylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes with Alkylarenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:100-105. [PMID: 38147046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoredox enabled defluorinative benzylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with readily available alkylarenes, which provides convenient access to a series of structurally valuable benzylated gem-difluoroalkenes under mild reaction conditions. The synthetic value of this protocol has been demonstrated by the transformations of several substrates bearing drug moieties, gram-scale reactions, and various further derivatizations of the gem-difluoroalkene products. The preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest a reaction pathway with rate-determining benzyl C-H bond cleavage of toluene followed by benzylic radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jinhuan Nie
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Chen R, Yin D, Lu L, Feng XT, Dou Y, Zhu Y, Fan S. Synthesis of α-Trifluoromethyl Alkynes through Fluoroalkynylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7293-7297. [PMID: 37772796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A trifluoromethylalkynylation reaction of gem-difluoroalkenes with alkynyl sulfoxide by photoredox radical addition with good functional group tolerance in moderate to high yields, is developed for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl alkyne. This reaction features simple operation and inexpensive raw materials and provides an expeditious route to synthesize biologically relevant fluorine-containing alkynyl compounds with diverse structural skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Dengyu Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lishuai Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yandong Dou
- Anhui Heryi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shilu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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