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Sun Q, Eitzinger A, Esken R, Antoni PW, Mayer RJ, Ofial AR, Hansmann MM. Pyridinium-Derived Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins (py-mNHOs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318283. [PMID: 38153170 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesoionic polarization allows access to electron-rich olefins that have found application as organocatalysts, ligands, or nucleophiles. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of 3-methylpyridinium-derived mesoionic olefins (py-mNHOs). We used a DFT-supported design concept, which showed that the introduction of aryl groups in the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-positions of the heterocyclic core allowed the kinetic stabilization of the novel mesoionic compounds. Tolman electronic parameters indicate that py-mNHOs are remarkably strong σ-donor ligands toward transition metals and main group Lewis acids. Additionally, they are among the strongest nucleophiles on the Mayr reactivity scale. In reactions of py-mNHOs with electron-poor π-systems, a gradual transition from the formation of zwitterionic adducts via stepwise to concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was observed experimentally and analyzed by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Robin Esken
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Eisner T, Kostenko A, J Kiefer F, Inoue S. Synthesis and isolation of a cyclic bis-vinyl germylene via a diazoolefin adduct of germylene dichloride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:558-561. [PMID: 38090978 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the successful isolation of various stable diazoolefins, an array of complexes containing these promising ligands have been synthesized. We herein report the synthesis, characterization, and structures of neutral group 14 diazoolefin complexes and the subsequent transformation into a new cyclic bis-vinyl germylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Eisner
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b, München, Germany.
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b, München, Germany.
| | - Fiona J Kiefer
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b, München, Germany.
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b, München, Germany.
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Li T, Wang D, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Maron L, Walter MD. Experimental and Computational Studies on Uranium Diazomethanediide Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313010. [PMID: 37883663 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Uranium diazomethanediide complexes can be prepared and their synthesis, structure and reactivity were explored. Reaction of the uranium imido compound [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 Si)3 C5 H2 ]2 U=N(p-tolyl)(dmap) (1) or [η5 -1,3-(Me3 C)2 C5 H3 ]2 U=N(p-tolyl)(dmap) (4) with Me3 SiCHN2 cleanly yields the first isocyanoimido metal complexes [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 Si)3 C5 H2 ]2 U(=NNC)(μ-CNN=)U(dmap)[η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 Si)3 C5 H2 ]2 (2) and {[η5 -1,3-(Me3 C)2 C5 H3 ]2 U[μ-(=NNC)]}6 (5), respectively. Both compounds exhibit remarkable thermal stability and were fully characterized. According to density functional theory (DFT) studies the bonding between the Cp2 U2+ and [NNC]2- moieties is strongly polarized with a significant 5 f orbital contribution, which is also reflected in the reactivity of these complexes. For example, complex 5 acts as a nucleophile toward alkylsilyl halides and engages in a [2+2] cycloaddition with CS2 , but no reaction occurs in the presence of internal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Eitzinger A, Reitz J, Antoni PW, Mayr H, Ofial AR, Hansmann MM. Pushing the Upper Limit of Nucleophilicity Scales by Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309790. [PMID: 37540606 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of mesoionic, 1,2,3-triazole-derived N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs), which have an extraordinarily electron-rich exocyclic CC-double bond, was synthesized and spectroscopically characterized, in selected cases by X-ray crystallography. The kinetics of their reactions with arylidene malonates, ArCH=C(CO2 Et)2 , which gave zwitterionic adducts, were investigated photometrically in THF at 20 °C. The resulting second-order rate constants k2 (20 °C) correlate linearly with the reported electrophilicity parameters E of the arylidene malonates (reference electrophiles), thus providing the nucleophile-specific N and sN parameters of the mNHOs according to the correlation lg k2 (20 °C)=sN (N+E). With 21
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Justus Reitz
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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