1
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Lyu MY, Jacobo SA, Brown MK. Diverse Synthesis of C-Glycosides by Stereoselective Ni-Catalyzed Carboboration of Glycals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18866-18872. [PMID: 38967118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
C-Glycosides are important structures that are common to natural products and pharmaceutical agents. Established methods for their synthesis involve the reaction of an activated anomeric carbon. In this study, we report a conceptually new approach that involves the stereoselective Ni-catalyzed carboboration of glycals. In these reactions, not only is a C-C bond formed at the anomeric carbon, but a synthetically useful C-B bond is also installed. Upon C-B oxidation, differentially protected C-glycosides to be formed. In addition, stereospecific manipulation of the C-B bond leads to diverse C-glycosides. Finally, we report the application of this method in the synthesis of established C-glycosides, such as C-glycosyl amino acids, as well as a strategy to make all possible diastereomers at C1 and C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yun Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Samuel A Jacobo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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2
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Ma W, Schmidt A, Strohmann C, Loh CCJ. Stereoselective Entry into α,α'-C-Oxepane Scaffolds through a Chalcogen Bonding Catalyzed Strain-Release C-Septanosylation Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405706. [PMID: 38687567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The utility of unconventional noncovalent interactions (NCIs) such as chalcogen bonding has lately emerged as a robust platform to access synthetically difficult glycosides stereoselectively. Herein, we disclose the versatility of a phosphonochalcogenide (PCH) catalyst to facilitate access into the challenging, but biologically interesting 7-membered ring α,α'-C-disubstituted oxepane core through an α-selective strain-release C-glycosylation. Methodically, this strategy represents a switch from more common but entropically less desired macrocyclizations to a thermodynamically favored ring-expansion approach. In light of the general lack of stereoselective methods to access C-septanosides, a remarkable palette of silyl-based nucleophiles can be reliably employed in our method. This include a broad variety of useful synthons, such as easily available silyl-allyl, silyl-enol ether, silyl-ketene acetal, vinylogous silyl-ketene acetal, silyl-alkyne and silylazide reagents. Mechanistic investigations suggest that a mechanistic shift towards an intramolecular aglycone transposition involving a pentacoordinate silicon intermediate is likely responsible in steering the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C J Loh
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Gong C, Huang J, Cai L, Yuan Y, Pu T, Huang M, Wu SH, Wang L. Visible-Light-Promoted Thiolation of Benzyl Chlorides with Thiosulfonates via a Photoactive Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9450-9461. [PMID: 38867507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted thiolation of benzyl chlorides with thiosulfonates is disclosed via an electron donor-acceptor complex strategy. In addition to efficiently delivering a series of arylbenzylsulfide compounds, versatile thioglycosides were also successfully constructed by applying the metal- and photocatalyst-free protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical-radical coupling process was involved in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gong
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
| | - Jialun Huang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
| | - Liuyan Cai
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yuan
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
| | - Tonglv Pu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Huang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
| | - Si-Hai Wu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, P. R. China
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4
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Li Y, Tian Y, Xie D, Wang Y, Niu D. Stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl azides: allyl glycosyl sulfones as radical precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6288-6291. [PMID: 38809217 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite their critical importance in drug development and biochemistry, efficiently synthesizing α-glycosyl azides has continued to pose significant challenges. In this report, we introduce a universal and practical radical reaction for the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl azides using bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones as the donor. This method is characterized by its mild reaction conditions, high stereoselectivity, and extensive scope of glycosyl units. Moreover, the accessibility of several structurally complex drug-sugar conjugates underscores the practicality of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yubiao Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Demeng Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dawen Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Gan Y, Zhou JF, Li X, Liu JR, Liu FJ, Hong X, Ye B. Zirconaaziridine-Mediated Ni-Catalyzed Diastereoselective C(sp 2)-Glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38859580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of organic synthesis, the catalytic and stereoselective formation of C-glycosidic bonds is a pivotal process, bridging carbohydrates with aglycones. However, the inherent chirality of the saccharide scaffold often has a substantial impact on the stereoinduction imposed by a chiral ligand. In this study, we have established an unprecedented zirconaaziridine-mediated asymmetric nickel catalysis, enabling the diastereoselective coupling of bench-stable glycosyl phosphates with a range of (hetero)aromatic and glycal iodides as feasible coupling electrophiles. Our developed method showcases a broad scope and a high tolerance for various functional groups. More importantly, precise stereocontrol toward both anomeric configurations of forming C(sp2)-glycosides can be realized by simply utilizing the popular chiral bioxazoline (biOx) ligands in this reductive Ni catalysis. Regarding the operating mechanism, both experimental and computational studies support the occurrence of a redox transmetalation process, leading to the formation of a transient, bimetallic Ni-Zr species that acts as a potent and efficient single-electron reductant in the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fang-Jie Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street, No. 2, Beijing 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Baihua Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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6
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Ding W, Chen X, Sun Z, Luo J, Wang S, Lu Q, Ma J, Zhao C, Chen FE, Xu C. A Radical Activation Strategy for Versatile and Stereoselective N-Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409004. [PMID: 38837495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Previous N-glycosylation approaches have predominately involved acidic conditions, facing challenges of low stereoselectivity and limited scope. Herein, we introduce a radical activation strategy that enables versatile and stereoselective N-glycosylation using readily accessible glycosyl sulfinate donors under basic conditions and exhibits exceptional tolerance towards various N-aglycones containing alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and nucleobase functionalities. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a pivotal role of iodide, which orchestrates the formation of a glycosyl radical from the glycosyl sulfinate and subsequent generation of the key intermediate, a configurationally well-defined glycosyl iodide, which is subsequently attacked by an N-aglycone in a stereospecific SN2 manner to give the desired N-glycosides. An alternative route involving the coupling of a glycosyl radical and a nitrogen-centered radical is also proposed, affording the exclusive 1,2-trans product. This novel approach promises to broaden the synthetic landscape of N-glycosides, offering a powerful tool for the construction of complex glycosidic structures under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ding
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zuyao Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jialu Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chongxin Zhao
- Jiangsu Jiyi New Material CO., LTD, Xuzhou, 221700, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Niu D. Preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles from 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers and glycosyl radicals under thermal conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5498-5501. [PMID: 38696183 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method for preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles via radical cascade cyclization, in which glycosyl radicals are generated from readily available and bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones. This cascade reaction proceeds under simple conditions and tolerates a broad substrate scope in high yield with excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies support that the reactions proceed via the intermediacy of imidoyl radicals, which attack the appended sulfide unit by a SH2 process to forge the thiazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Liu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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8
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Liu DP, Zhang XS, Liu S, Hu XG. Dehydroxylative radical N-glycosylation of heterocycles with 1-hydroxycarbohydrates enabled by copper metallaphotoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3401. [PMID: 38649350 PMCID: PMC11035684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylated heterocycles play important roles in biological systems and drug development. The synthesis of these compounds heavily relies on ionic N-glycosylation, which is usually constrained by factors such as labile glycosyl donors, precious metal catalysts, and stringent conditions. Herein, we report a dehydroxylative radical method for synthesizing N-glycosides by leveraging copper metallaphotoredox catalysis, in which stable and readily available 1-hydroxy carbohydrates are activated for direct N-glycosylation. Our method employs inexpensive photo- and copper- catalysts and can tolerate some extent of water. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope, encompassing 76 examples, and demonstrates high stereoselectivity, favoring 1,2-trans selectivity for furanoses and α-selectivity for pyranoses. It also exhibits high site-selectivity for substrates containing multiple N-atoms. The synthetic utility is showcased through the late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals like Olaparib, Axitinib, and Metaxalone. Mechanistic studies prove the presence of glycosyl radicals and the importance of copper metallaphotoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiao-Sen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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9
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Ding YN, Xu MZ, Huang YC, Ackermann L, Kong X, Liu XY, Liang YM. Stereoselective assembly of C-oligosaccharides via modular difunctionalization of glycals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2794. [PMID: 38555346 PMCID: PMC10981691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
C-oligosaccharides are found in natural products and drug molecules. Despite the considerable progress made during the last decades, modular and stereoselective synthesis of C-oligosaccharides continues to be challenging and underdeveloped compared to the synthesis technology of O-oligosaccharides. Herein, we design a distinct strategy for the stereoselective and efficient synthesis of C-oligosaccharides via palladium-catalyzed nondirected C1-H glycosylation/C2-alkenylation, cyanation, and alkynylation of 2-iodoglycals with glycosyl chloride donors while realizing the difunctionalization of 2-iodoglycals. The catalysis approach tolerates various functional groups, including derivatives of marketed drugs and natural products. Notably, the obtained C-oligosaccharides can be further transformed into various C-glycosides while fully conserving the stereochemistry. The results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations support oxidative addition mechanism of alkenyl-norbornyl-palladacycle (ANP) intermediate with α-mannofuranose chloride and the high stereoselectivity of glycosylation is due to steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Mei-Ze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, 455000, Anyang, China.
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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10
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Yu C, Xu Y, Zeng M, Wang J, Dai W, Wang J, Liu H. Direct Construction of C-Alkyl Glycosides from Non-Activated Olefins via Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp 3)─C(sp 3) Coupling Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307226. [PMID: 38235616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Among C-glycosides, C-alkyl glycosides are significant building blocks for natural products and glycopeptides. However, research on efficient construction methods for C-alkyl glycosides remains relatively limited. Compared with Michael acceptors, non-activated olefins are more challenging substrates and have rarely been employed in the construction of C-glycosides. Here, a highly efficient and convenient approach for the synthesis of C-alkyl glycosides through a nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling reaction is presented. A distinctive feature of this method is its utilization of non-activated olefins as the anomeric radical acceptors for hydroalkylation, allowing for the direct formation of C-glycoside bonds in a single step. Furthermore, this method demonstrates excellent compatibility with a broad scope of highly reactive functional groups. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the reaction proceeds via a free radical pathway, leading predominantly to the formation of products with α-configuration. Overall, this innovative methodology offers a versatile and practical approach for the synthesis of C-alkyl glycosides, offering new avenues for the production of intricate glycosides with potential applications in drug discovery and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinghuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingjie Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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11
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Zhang L, Zeng W, Xie D, Li J, Ma X. Nickel and Chiral Phosphoric Acid Cocatalysis Enables Synthesis of C-Acyl Glycosides. Org Lett 2024; 26:1332-1337. [PMID: 38330288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
We disclosed a Ni/CPA cocatalyzed protocol to access diverse C-acyl glycosides under mild conditions with broad functional group compatibility through the coupling of readily available glycosyl bromides and carboxylic esters. The potential application of the methodology was demonstrated by the C-acyl glycosylation of bioactive molecules and the transformation of products to a variety of value-added molecules. Mechanistic studies revealed that CPA might serve as a bifunctional H-bond catalyst to activate carboxylic esters and nickel catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Demeng Xie
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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12
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Guo H, Kirchhoff JL, Strohmann C, Grabe B, Loh CCJ. Exploiting π and Chalcogen Interactions for the β-Selective Glycosylation of Indoles through Glycal Conformational Distortion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316667. [PMID: 38116860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing unconventional noncovalent interactions (NCIs) is emerging as a formidable synthetic approach in difficult-to-access glycosidic chemical space. C-Glycosylation, in particular, has gained a flurry of recent attention. However, most reported methods are restricted to the relatively facile access to α-C-glycosides. Herein, we disclose a β-stereoselective glycosylation of indoles by employing a phosphonoselenide catalyst. The robustness of this protocol is exemplified by its amenability for reaction at both the indolyl C- and N- reactivity sites. In contrast to previous reports, in which the chalcogens were solely involved in Lewis acidic activation, our mechanistic investigation unraveled that the often neglected flanking aromatic substituents of phosphonoselenides can substantially contribute to catalysis by engaging in π-interactions. Computations and NMR spectroscopy indicated that the chalcogenic and aromatic components of the catalyst can be collectively exploited to foster conformational distortion of the glycal away from the usual half-chair to the boat conformation, which liberates the convex β-face for nucleophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- NMR Department, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C J Loh
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Mora Flores EW, Suarez D, Uhrig ML, Postigo A. Photocatalyzed Perfluoroalkylation of Endoglycals. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38050850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The visible light-induced perfluoroalkyl (RF) radical reactions on peracetylglycals derived from hexoses and pentoses (galactal, glucal, arabinal, and xylal derivatives) were investigated. Various photocatalysts and perfluoroalkyl iodides (RF-I) were employed as sources of RF radicals with LEDs as the irradiation source. Particularly noteworthy was the use of an Iridium photocatalyst, Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbpy))PF6, which yielded two distinct product types when applied to glucal. On the one hand, the 2-RF-substituted glucal was formed, a trend observed even when utilizing organic dyes as photocatalysts. On the other hand, the unexpected addition product, namely the 1-RF-2-iodo-α-manno-configured C-glycosyl derivative, was also obtained, as a result of a highly regioselective addition reaction of the RF moiety into the anomeric carbon, followed by attachment of the iodine atom on C-2 in axial disposition. This result contrasted with other radical reactions carried out on 2-unsubstituted glycals, where the incipient radical adds to C-2, generating a stabilized 1-glycosyl radical. The photocatalyzed radical perfluoroalkylations of peracetyl glycals derived from galactose, arabinose, and xylose all afforded the 2-RF-substituted glycals in good yields as a result of the expected vinylic substitution reaction. Mechanistic studies revealed that the 1-RF-2-iodo-α-manno-configured C-glycosyl derivatives arise from a radical chain reaction, whereas the 2-RF-substituted glycals proceed from inefficient chain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Mora Flores
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Daniel Suarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
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14
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Deng LF, Wang Y, Xu S, Shen A, Zhu H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Niu D. Palladium catalysis enables cross-coupling-like S N2-glycosylation of phenols. Science 2023; 382:928-935. [PMID: 37995215 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance in life and material sciences, the efficient construction of stereo-defined glycosides remains a challenge. Studies of carbohydrate functions would be advanced if glycosylation methods were as reliable and modular as palladium (Pd)-catalyzed cross-coupling. However, Pd-catalysis excels in forming sp2-hybridized carbon centers whereas glycosylation mostly builds sp3-hybridized C-O linkages. We report a glycosylation platform through Pd-catalyzed SN2 displacement from phenols toward bench-stable, aryl-iodide-containing glycosyl sulfides. The key Pd(II) oxidative addition intermediate diverges from an arylating agent (Csp2 electrophile) to a glycosylating agent (Csp3 electrophile). This method inherits many merits of cross-coupling reactions, including operational simplicity and functional group tolerance. It preserves the SN2 mechanism for various substrates and is amenable to late-stage glycosylation of commercial drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hangping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Wei Y, Lin LQH, Lee BC, Koh MJ. Recent Advances in First-Row Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions for π-Bond Functionalization and C-Glycosylation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3292-3312. [PMID: 37917928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusEfficient construction of ubiquitous carbon-carbon bonds between two electrophiles has garnered interest in recent decades, particularly if it is mediated by nonprecious, first-row transition metals. Reductive coupling has advantages over traditional cross-coupling by obviating the need for stoichiometric air- and moisture-sensitive organometallic reagents. By harnessing transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling as a powerful tool, intricate molecular architectures can be readily assembled through the installation of two C-C bonds across π systems (alkenes/alkynes) via reaction with two appropriate electrophiles. Despite advances in reductive alkene difunctionalization, there remains significant potential for the discovery of novel reaction pathways. In this regard, development of reductive protocols that enable the union of challenging alkyl/alkynyl electrophiles in high regio- and chemoselectivity remains a highly sought-after goal.Apart from π-bond functionalization, reductive coupling has found application in carbohydrate chemistry, particularly in the synthesis of valuable C-glycosyl compounds. In this vein, suitable glycosyl donors can be used to generate reactive glycosyl radical intermediates under reductive conditions. Through elaborately designed reactions, these intermediates can be trapped to furnish pharmaceutically relevant glycoconjugates. Consequently, diversification in C-glycosyl compound synthesis using first-row transition metal catalysis holds strong appeal.In this Account, we summarize our efforts in the development of first-row transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions for applications in alkene/alkyne functionalization and C-glycosylation. We will first discuss the nickel (Ni)-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes, aided by an 8-aminoquinoline (AQ) directing auxiliary. Next, we highlight the Ni-catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkenyl amides tethered with a similar AQ-derived directing auxiliary. Lastly, we discuss an efficient synthesis of 1,3-enynes involving site- and stereoselective reductive coupling of terminal alkynes with alkynyl halides and NHPI esters.Beyond alkene dicarbofunctionalization, we extended the paradigm of transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling toward the construction of C-glycosidic linkages in carbohydrates. By employing an earth-abundant iron (Fe)-based catalyst, we show that useful glycosyl radicals can be generated from glycosyl chlorides under reductive conditions. These intermediates can be captured in C-C bond formation to furnish valuable C-aryl, C-alkenyl, and C-alkynyl glycosyl compounds with high diastereoselectivity. Our Ni-catalyzed multicomponent union of glycosyl chlorides, aryl/alkyl iodides, and isobutyl chloroformate under reductive conditions led to the stereoselective synthesis of C-acyl glycosides. In addition to Fe and Ni, we discovered a Ti-catalyzed/Mn-promoted synthetic route to access C-alkyl and C-alkenyl glycosyl compounds, through the reaction of glycosyl chlorides with electron-deficient alkenes/alkynes. We further developed an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photoactivation system leveraging decarboxylative and deaminative strategies for C-glycosylation under Ni catalysis. This approach has been demonstrated to selectively activate carboxyl and amino motifs to furnish glycopeptide conjugates. Finally, through two distinct catalytic transformations of bench-stable heteroaryl glycosyl sulfones, we achieved stereodivergent access to both α- and β-anomers of C-aryl glycosides, one of which involves a Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling with aryl iodides.The findings presented in this Account are anticipated to have far-reaching implications beyond our research. We foresee that these results will pave the way for new transformations founded on the concept of reductive coupling, leading to the discovery of novel applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Leroy Qi Hao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Boon Chong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
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16
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Zhong L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Xiong Y, Peng H, Zhou Z, He Y, Dai Y. Facile and stereospecific synthesis of diverse β- N-glycosyl sulfonamide scaffolds via palladium catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12907-12910. [PMID: 37823213 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important strategy to improve the druggability of lead compounds. Here, we present a palladium-catalysed stereospecific N-glycosylation of sulfonamides. This approach stands out with wide substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and easy scalability, furnishing a broad spectrum of densely functionalized β-N-glycosyl sulfonamides with good efficiency and exceptional regio-/stereoselectivity. Diverse drug-like glycosulfonamido scaffolds have been constructed via a late-stage diversification strategy and various facile synthetic transformations of the products. Collectively, the established protocol provides a valuable tool for efficiently preparing glycosyl sulfonamides to facilitate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Qunliang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yiyang Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Haibo Peng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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18
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Xia Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Gulzar T, Lin Y, Wang J, Zhu D, Yu B. Synthesis of 2-Indolyl C-Glycoside Neopetrosins A and C and Congeners via Ni-Catalyzed Photoreductive Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:6741-6745. [PMID: 37646796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of neopetrosins A and C, two 2-indolyl C-α-d-mannopyranosides, and their congeners has been realized via a direct Ni/photoredox-catalyzed reductive coupling of 3-methoxycarbonyl-2-iodo-1H-indoles with pyranosyl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tayyab Gulzar
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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