1
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Pu Z, Xu Z, Zhang X, Guo Y, Sun Z. Unlocking the Multistage Redox Property of Graphenic Radicals by π-Extension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406078. [PMID: 38994912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Delocalized organic π-radicals are intrinsically amphoteric redox systems; however, achieving their multistage redox capability presents a challenge. In addition, their instability often hampers their synthesis, isolation, and characterization. Herein, we report the synthesis of a stable π-extended nanographene π-radical (NR1) and its isolation in the crystalline form. NR1 exhibits an unusual four-stage amphoteric redox behavior, as revealed by cyclic voltammetry measurements. The stable charged species, including a cation and a radical dication, are characterized using spectroscopic methods. This study demonstrates that π-extension could serve as a viable approach to unlock the multistage redox ability of delocalized organic radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofangzhou Pu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yupeng Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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He L, He J, Chen EX, Lin Q. Boosting photothermal conversion through array aggregation of metalloporphyrins in bismuth-based coordination frameworks. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04063e. [PMID: 39371461 PMCID: PMC11450798 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials capable of efficiently converting near-infrared (NIR) light into heat are highly sought after in biotechnology. In this study, two new three-dimensional (3D) porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a sra-net, viz. CoTCPP-Bi/NiTCPP-Bi, were successfully synthesized. These MOFs feature bismuth carboxylate nodes interconnected by metalloporphyrinic spacers, forming one-dimensional (1D) arrays of closely spaced metalloporphyrins. Notably, the CoTCPP-Bi exhibits an approximate Co⋯C distance of 3 Å, leading to enhanced absorption of NIR light up to 1400 nm due to the presence of strong interlayer van der Waals forces. Furthermore, the spatial arrangement of the metalloporphyrins prevents axial coordination at the centers of porphyrin rings and stabilizes a CoII-based metalloradical. These characteristics promote NIR light absorption and non-radiative decay, thereby improving photothermal conversion efficiency. Consequently, CoTCPP-Bi can rapidly elevate the temperature from room temperature to 190 °C within 30 seconds under 0.7 W cm-2 energy power from 808 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, it enables solar-driven water evaporation with an efficiency of 98.5% and a rate of 1.43 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun irradiation. This research provides valuable insights into the strategic design of efficient photothermal materials for effective NIR light absorption, leveraging the principles of aggregation effect and metalloradical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Er-Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Qipu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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3
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Xu Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Meng L, Dang D, Tang BZ. Water-soluble AIE photosensitizer in short-wave infrared region for albumin-enhanced and self-reporting phototheranostics. Biomaterials 2024; 314:122847. [PMID: 39357148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Organic photosensitizers (PSs) play important roles in phototheranostics, and contribute to the fast development of precision medicine. However, water-soluble and highly emissive organic PSs, especially those emitting in the short-wave infrared region (SWIR), are still challenging. Also, it's difficult to prepare self-reporting PSs for visualizing the treatment via stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy. Thus, in this work, a water-soluble molecule of DTPAP-TBZ-I with aggregation-induced emission features is designed for the self-reporting photodynamic therapy (PDT) in an ultra-high resolution. In contrast to single molecule, its complex (DTPAP-TBZ-I@BSA) shows much enhanced fluorescence properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in SWIR window. Their photoluminescence quantum yield is determined to be ∼20.6 % and the enhancement of ROS generation is ∼18-fold. During the PDT, immigration of the complex from cytoplasm to nucleus is also observed via STED nanoscopy with a resolution of 66.11 nm, which allows self-report in the PDT treatment. DTPAP-TBZ-I@BSA is finally utilized for the imaging-guided PDT in vivo with a tumor inhibition rate of 84 %. This is the first work in albumin-enhanced water-soluble organic PSs in SWIR window for self-reporting phototheranostics at ultra-high resolutions, providing an ideal solution for the next generation of photosensitizers for precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Xu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Peijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Dongfeng Dang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China; School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
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4
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Xu Y, Teng C, Wang Y, Chen D, Yin D, Yan L. Self-enhanced regulation of stable organic radicals with polypeptide nanoparticles for mild second near-infrared phototheranostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:578-589. [PMID: 38729006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Stable organic radicals have emerged as a promising option to enhance fluorescence quantum yield (QY), gaining traction in medical treatment due to their unique electronic transitions from the ground state (D0) to the doublet excited state (D1). We synthesized a stable dicyanomethyl radical with a NIR-II fluorescence QY of 0.86 %, surpassing many NIR-II organic dyes. Subsequently, amphiphilic polymer-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) containing the radical were created, achieving a NIR-II fluorescence QY of 0.32 %, facilitating high-contrast bio-imaging. These CNPPs exhibit self-enhanced photothermal properties, elevating photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) from 43.5 % to 57.5 % under 915 nm laser irradiation. This advancement enables more efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) with lower dye concentrations and reduced laser power, enhancing both feasibility and safety. Through regular fractionated mild photothermal therapy, we observed the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and an increase in cytokine expression, culminating in combined mild phototherapy (m-PTT)-mediated immunogenic cell death (ICD). Consequently, we developed an immunostimulatory tumor vaccine, showcasing a novel approach for refining photothermal agents (PTA) and optimizing the PTT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Changchang Teng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dejia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96. 230026, Anhui, PR China.
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5
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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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6
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Zhao X, Sun M, Cao X, Xu J, Li X, Zhao X, Lu H. Near-Infrared Light-Driving Organic Photothermal Agents with an 88.9% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Image-Guided Synergistic Phototherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400201. [PMID: 38519419 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal agents (PTAs) with desirable near-infrared (NIR) absorption and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are ideal candidates for cancer treatment. However, numerous PTAs still require high-intensity and long-duration laser irradiation to completely ablate the tumor during the photothermal therapy (PTT) process, resulting in light damage to healthy skin and tissue as well as limiting their biomedical applications. Integrating intense NIR absorption and high PCE into a single small-molecule PTA is an important prerequisite for realizing efficient PTT, but is a serious challenge. Herein, a series of donor-acceptor type PTAs (CC1 to NC4) are designed through a molecular engineering strategy. Theoretical calculations and experimental results show that the NIR absorption and photothermal effect from CC1 to NC4 are significantly enhanced as expected. Notably, NC4 nanoparticles exhibit intense NIR absorption, superhigh PCE of up to 88.9% for PTT, photoacoustic imaging and photothermal imaging, and effective reactive oxygen species generation for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The superior PTT/PDT synergistic phototherapeutic efficacy is well demonstrated by the complete elimination of tumor in vivo upon one-time, low-intensity, and short-duration laser irradiation (808 nm, 330 mW cm-2, and 3 min). This work provides a valuable guideline for rational design of PTAs for cancer phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mengxin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jiashuai Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
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7
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Liao PY, Li JX, Liu JC, Xiong Q, Ruan ZY, Li T, Deng W, Jiang SD, Jia JH, Tong ML. Radical-Induced Photochromic Silver(I) Metal-Organic Frameworks: Alternative Topology, Dynamic Photoluminescence and Efficient Photothermal Conversion Modulated by Anionic Guests. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401448. [PMID: 38530747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Photogenerated radicals are an indispensable member of the state-of-the-art photochromic material family, as they can effectively modulate the photoluminescence and photothermal conversion performance of radical-induced photochromic complexes. Herein, two novel radical-induced photochromic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Ag(TEPE)](AC) ⋅ 7/4H2O ⋅ 5/4EtOH (1) and [Ag(TEPE)](NC) ⋅ 3H2O ⋅ EtOH (2), are reported. Distinctly different topological networks can be obtained by judiciously introducing alternative π-conjugated anionic guests, including a new topological structure (named as sfm) first reported in this work, describing as 4,4,4,4-c net. EPR data and UV-Vis spectra prove the radical-induced photochromic mechanism. Dynamic photochromism exhibits tunability in a wide CIE color space, with a linear segment from yellow to red for 1, while a curved coordinate line for 2, resulting in colorful emission from blue to orange. Moreover, photogenerated TEPE* radicals effectively activate the near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion effect of MOFs. Under 1 W cm-2 808 nm laser irradiation, the surface temperatures of photoproducts 1* and 2* can reach ~160 °C and ~120 °C, respectively, with competitive NIR photothermal conversion efficiencies η=51.8 % (1*) and 36.2 % (2*). This work develops a feasible electrostatic compensation strategy to accurately introduce photoactive anionic guests into MOFs to construct multifunctional radical-induced photothermal conversion materials with tunable photoluminescence behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Chuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Chen Z, Su Y, Long Q, Zhang Z, Su J, Guo L. Stable Radicals in Dihydrophenazine Derivatives-Doped Epoxy Resin for High Photothermal Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403623. [PMID: 39031541 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic radicals exhibit great potential in photothermal applications, however, their innate high reactivity with oxygen renders the preparation of stable organic radicals highly challenging. In this work, a series of co-doped radical polymers ares prepared by doping dihydrophenazine derivatives (DPPs) into the epoxy resin matrix. DPPs can form radical species through the electron transfer process, which are further stabilized by the complex 3D network structure of epoxy resin. Experimental results show that the photothermal conversion efficiency is as high as 79.9%, and the temperature can quickly rise to ≈130 °C within 60 s. Due to the excellent visible light transmittance and mechanical properties of co-doped systems, this study further demonstrates their practical applications in energy-saving solar windows and thermoelectric power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yonghao Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qianxin Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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9
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Xue S, Dong Y, Lv X, Qiu F, Wang Y, Furuta H, Teranishi T, Wu F. Stabilization of the Neutral [25]Hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) Radical by Hetero-Bimetal-Coordination. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400812. [PMID: 38533748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Stabilization of hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) (named "rosarin") in its 25π radical state is achieved using a hetero-bimetal-coordination strategy. The antiaromatic BF2 complex B-1 was first synthesized, and then rhodium ion was inserted into B-1 to produce the BF2/Rh(CO)2 mixed complex Rh-B-1 as a highly air-stable radical. The structures of B-1 and Rh-B-1 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, and the antiaromatic or radical character was identified by various spectroscopy evidence and theoretical calculations. Rh-B-1 exhibits excellent redox properties, enabling amphoteric aromatic-antiaromatic conversion to their 24/26π states. Compared to the 24/26π conjugation systems on the same skeleton, Rh-B-1 has the narrowest electrochemical and optical band gaps, with the longest absorption band at 1010 nm. The ring-current analysis reveals intense paratropic currents for B-1 and co-existing diatropic-paratropic currents for Rh-B-1. This hetero-bimetal-coordination system provides a novel platform for organic radical stabilization on porphyrinoids, showing the prospect of modulating ligand oxidation states through rational coordination design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Graduate School of Science and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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10
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Wu S, Zhang W, Li C, Ni Z, Chen W, Gai L, Tian J, Guo Z, Lu H. Rational design of CT-coupled J-aggregation platform based on Aza-BODIPY for highly efficient phototherapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5973-5979. [PMID: 38665518 PMCID: PMC11040637 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular engineering is exceptionally appealing in the design of functional materials, and J-aggregates resulting from noncovalent interactions offer intriguing features. However, building J-aggregation platforms remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report 3,5-dithienyl Aza-BODIPYs with a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) architecture as the first charge transfer (CT)-coupled J-aggregation BODIPY-type platform. The core acceptor moieties in one molecule interact with donor units in neighboring molecules to generate slip-stacked packing motifs, resulting in CT-coupled J-aggregation with a redshifted wavelength up to 886 nm and an absorption tail over 1100 nm. The J-aggregates show significant photoacoustic signals and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 66%. The results obtained in vivo show that the J-aggregates have the potential to be used for tumor photothermal ablation and photoacoustic imaging. This study not only demonstrates Aza-BODIPY with D-A-D as a novel CT-coupled J-aggregation platform for NIR phototherapy materials but also motivates further study on the design of J-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Wenze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Ni
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hua Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
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11
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Guo X, Sheng W, Pan H, Guo L, Zuo H, Wu Z, Ling S, Jiang X, Chen Z, Jiao L, Hao E. Tuning Shortwave-Infrared J-aggregates of Aromatic Ring-Fused Aza-BODIPYs by Peripheral Substituents for Combined Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapies at Ultralow Laser Power. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319875. [PMID: 38225205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Achieving photothermal therapy (PTT) at ultralow laser power density is crucial for minimizing photo-damage and allowing for higher maximum permissible skin exposure. However, this requires photothermal agents to possess not just superior photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), but also exceptional near-infrared (NIR) absorptivity. J-aggregates, exhibit a significant redshift and narrower absorption peak with a higher extinction coefficient. Nevertheless, achieving predictable J-aggregates through molecular design remains a challenge. In this study, we successfully induced desirable J-aggregation (λabs max : 968 nm, ϵ: 2.96×105 M-1 cm-1 , λem max : 972 nm, ΦFL : 6.2 %) by tuning electrostatic interactions between π-conjugated molecular planes through manipulating molecular surface electrostatic potential of aromatic ring-fused aza-BODIPY dyes. Notably, by controlling the preparation method for encapsulating dyes into F-127 polymer, we were able to selectively generate H-/J-aggregates, respectively. Furthermore, the J-aggregates exhibited two controllable morphologies: nanospheres and nanowires. Importantly, the shortwave-infrared J-aggregated nanoparticles with impressive PCE of 72.9 % effectively destroyed cancer cells and mice-tumors at an ultralow power density of 0.27 W cm-2 (915 nm). This phototherapeutic nano-platform, which generates predictable J-aggregation behavior, and can controllably form J-/H-aggregates and selectable J-aggregate morphology, is a valuable paradigm for developing photothermal agents for tumor-treatment at ultralow laser power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Institution, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Wanle Sheng
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Institution, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Hongfei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Luying Guo
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Institution, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Huiquan Zuo
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Institution, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Shizhang Ling
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Institution, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Institution, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
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