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Verma R, Sharma G, Polshettiwar V. The paradox of thermal vs. non-thermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7974. [PMID: 39266509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The debate surrounding the roles of thermal and non-thermal pathways in plasmonic catalysis has captured the attention of researchers and sparked vibrant discussions within the scientific community. In this review, we embark on a thorough exploration of this intriguing discourse, starting from fundamental principles and culminating in a detailed understanding of the divergent viewpoints. We probe into the core of the debate by elucidating the behavior of excited charge carriers in illuminated plasmonic nanostructures, which serves as the foundation for the two opposing schools of thought. We present the key arguments and evidence put forth by proponents of both the non-thermal and thermal pathways, providing a perspective on their respective positions. Beyond the theoretical divide, we discussed the evolving methodologies used to unravel these mechanisms. We discuss the use of Arrhenius equations and their variations, shedding light on the ensuing debates about their applicability. Our review emphasizes the significance of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), investigating its role in collective charge oscillations and the decay dynamics that influence catalytic processes. We also talked about the nuances of activation energy, exploring its relationship with the nonlinearity of temperature and light intensity dependence on reaction rates. Additionally, we address the intricacies of catalyst surface temperature measurements and their implications in understanding light-triggered reaction dynamics. The review further discusses wavelength-dependent reaction rates, kinetic isotope effects, and competitive electron transfer reactions, offering an all-inclusive view of the field. This review not only maps the current landscape of plasmonic photocatalysis but also facilitates future explorations and innovations to unlock the full potential of plasmon-mediated catalysis, where synergistic approaches could lead to different vistas in chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vivek Polshettiwar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India.
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Liu X, Huang B, Li J, Li B, Lou Z. Full-spectrum plasmonic semiconductors for photocatalysis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39139133 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metal nanoparticles can focus surrounding light onto the particle surface to boost photochemical reactions and solar energy utilization. However, the rarity and high cost of noble metals limit their applications in plasmonic photocatalysis, forcing researchers to seek low-cost alternatives. Recently, some heavily doped semiconductors with high free carrier density have garnered attention due to their metal-like LSPR properties. However, plasmonic semiconductors have complex surface structures characterized by the presence of a depletion layer, which poses challenges for active site exposure and hot carrier transfer, resulting in low photocatalytic activity. In this review, we introduce the essential characteristics and types, synthesis methods, and characterization techniques of full-spectrum plasmonic semiconductors, elucidate the mechanism of full-spectrum nonmetallic plasmonic photocatalysis, including the local electromagnetic field, hot carrier generation and transfer, the photothermal effect, and the solutions for the surface depletion layer, and summarize the applications of plasmonic semiconductors in photocatalytic environmental remediation, CO2 reduction, H2 generation, and organic transformations. Finally, we provide a perspective on full-spectrum plasmonic photocatalysis, aiming to guide the design and development of plasmonic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Juan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Zaizhu Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang Q, Zhuang Z, Ma Z, Liu L, Wang G, Wang D, Zheng X. Synergy of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes toward Efficient Photocatalytic Urea Synthesis from CO 2 and N 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405637. [PMID: 38825570 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Directly coupling N2 and CO2 to synthesize urea by photocatalysis paves a sustainable route for urea synthesis, but its performance is limited by the competition of photogenerated electrons between N2 and CO2, as well as the underutilized photogenerated holes. Herein, we report an efficient urea synthesis process involving photogenerated electrons and holes in respectively converting CO2 and N2 over a redox heterojunction consisting of WO3 and Ni single-atom-decorated CdS (Ni1-CdS/WO3). For the photocatalytic urea synthesis from N2 and CO2 in pure water, Ni1-CdS/WO3 attained a urea yield rate of 78 μM h-1 and an apparent quantum yield of 0.15 % at 385 nm, which ranked among the best photocatalytic urea synthesis performance reported. Mechanistic studies reveal that the N2 was converted into NO species by ⋅OH radicals generated from photogenerated holes over the WO3 component, meanwhile, the CO2 was transformed into *CO species over the Ni site by photogenerated electrons. The generated NO and *CO species were further coupled to form *OCNO intermediate, then gradually transformed into urea. This work emphasizes the importance of reasonably utilizing photogenerated holes in photocatalytic reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230029, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Hebei, 050018, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230029, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zechao Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhentao Ma
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Limin Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230029, China
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Deng X, Chen P, Cui R, Gong X, Wu Y, Wang X, Deng C. Dynamic Reconfiguration and Local Polarization of NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide-Bi 2MoO 6- x Heterojunction for Enhancing Piezo-Photocatalytic Nitrogen Oxidation to Nitric Acid. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401667. [PMID: 38627981 PMCID: PMC11220699 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Constructing heterojunctions with vacancies has garnered substantial attention in the field of piezo-photocatalysis. However, the presence of interfacial vacancies can serve as charge-trapping sites, leading to the localization of electrons and hindering interfacial charge transfer. Herein, dual oxygen vacancies in the NiFe-layered double hydroxide and Bi2MoO6- x induced interfacial bonds have been designed for the piezo-photocatalytic N2 oxidation to NO3 -. Fortunately, it achieves sensational nitric acid production rates (7.23 mg g-1 h-1) in the absence of cocatalysts and sacrificial agents, which is 6.03 times of pure Bi2MoO6 that under ultrasound and light illumination. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that interfacial bonds act as "charge bridge" and "strain center" to break the carrier local effect and negative effects with piezocatalysis and photocatalysis for promoting exciton dissociation and charge transfer. Moreover, the strong electronic interaction of the interfacial bond induces internal reconstruction under ultrasound for promoting the local polarization and adsorption of N2, which accelerates the fracture of the N≡N bonds and reduces the activation energy of the reaction. The research not only establishes a novel approach for optimizing the combined effects of piezo-catalysis and photocatalysis, but also achieves equilibrium between the synergistic impacts of vacancies and heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology of Guizhou ProvincialSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025China
| | - Ruirui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025China
| | - Xingyong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025China
| | - Yubo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025China
| | - Chaoyong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025China
- School of Electronics and Information EngineeringGuiyang UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550005China
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Li J, Duan Y, Wang L, Ma J. Preparation of core-shell structure Ag@TiO 2 plasma photocatalysts and reduction of Cr(VI): Size dependent and LSPR effect. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118265. [PMID: 38266898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The poor light absorption and low carrier separation efficiency of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) limit its further application. The introduction of plasma metal Ag have the potential to solve these drawbacks owing to its plasma resonance effect. Thus core-shell structure Ag@TiO2 plasma photocatalysts was prepared by using facile reduction method in this work. More specifically, Ag@TiO2 composite catalysts with different Ag loading amounts were prepared in the presence of surfactant PVP. Ag@TiO2 demonstrates excellent light absorption performance and photoelectric separation efficiency compared with pure TiO2. As a result, it displays excellent performance of Cr(VI) reduction under visible light. The optimal composite catalysts Ag@TiO2-5P achieves exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of 0.01416 min-1 that is 2.29 times greater than pure TiO2. To investigate the role of PVP, we also synthesized Ag@TiO2-5 without PVP. The experimental results show that although Ag@TiO2-5 Cr(VI) reduction performance is superior to pure TiO2, it significantly decreases compared with Ag@TiO2-5P. The results of TEM and optoelectronic testing show that agglomeration of Ag particles leads to a decrease in the photoelectric separation efficiency of Ag@TiO2-5. The smaller Ag particles provide more active sites and demonstrating a stronger overall local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. DMPO spin-trapping ESR spectra testing indicates that ∙O2- and ∙OH are the main reactive species. This research provides a potential strategy to prepare Ag-based plasma photocatalysts for environment protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, PR China.
| | - Yaqian Duan
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, PR China
| | - Jingjun Ma
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, PR China.
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Wang D, Lu XF, Luan D, Lou XWD. Selective Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitric Oxide to High Value-Added Chemicals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312645. [PMID: 38271637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The artificial disturbance in the nitrogen cycle has necessitated an urgent need for nitric oxide (NO) removal. Electrochemical technologies for NO conversion have gained increasing attention in recent years. This comprehensive review presents the recent advancements in selective electrocatalytic conversion of NO to high value-added chemicals, with specific emphasis on catalyst design, electrolyte composition, mass diffusion, and adsorption energies of key intermediate species. Furthermore, the review explores the synergistic electrochemical co-electrolysis of NO with specific carbon source molecules, enabling the synthesis of a range of valuable chemicals with C─N bonds. It also provides in-depth insights into the intricate reaction pathways and underlying mechanisms, offering valuable perspectives on the challenges and prospects of selective NO electrolysis. By advancing comprehension and fostering awareness of nitrogen cycle balance, this review contributes to the development of efficient and sustainable electrocatalytic systems for the selective synthesis of valuable chemicals from NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xue Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Deyan Luan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Wang M, Wei G, Li R, Yu M, Liu G, Peng Y. Schottky Junctions with Bi@Bi 2MoO 6 Core-Shell Photocatalysts toward High-Efficiency Solar N 2-to-Ammonnia Conversion in Aqueous Phase. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:780. [PMID: 38727374 PMCID: PMC11085196 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in aqueous solution is a green and sustainable strategy for ammonia production. Nonetheless, the efficiency of the process still has a wide gap compared to that of the Haber-Bosch one due to the difficulty of N2 activation and the quick recombination of photo-generated carriers. Herein, a core-shell Bi@Bi2MoO6 microsphere through constructing Schottky junctions has been explored as a robust photocatalyst toward N2 reduction to NH3. Metal Bi self-reduced onto Bi2MoO6 not only spurs the photo-generated electron and hole separation owing to the Schottky junction at the interface of Bi and Bi2MoO6 but also promotes N2 adsorption and activation at Bi active sites synchronously. As a result, the yield of the photocatalytic N2-to-ammonia conversion reaches up to 173.40 μmol g-1 on core-shell Bi@Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts, as much as two times of that of bare Bi2MoO6. This work provides a new design for the decarbonization of the nitrogen reduction reaction by the utilization of renewable energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.W.); (G.W.); (R.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Guosong Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.W.); (G.W.); (R.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.W.); (G.W.); (R.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Meng Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.W.); (G.W.); (R.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Guangbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.W.); (G.W.); (R.L.); (M.Y.)
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