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Li P, Liu Z, Huo X, Zhang W. Stereodivergent Construction of 1,5/1,7-Nonadjacent Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters Enabled by Pd/Cu-Cocatalyzed Asymmetric Heck Cascade Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407498. [PMID: 38752892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The construction of chiral motifs containing nonadjacent stereocenters in an enantio- and diastereoselective manner has long been a challenging task in synthetic chemistry, especially with respect to their stereodivergent synthesis. Herein, we describe a protocol that enables the enantio- and diastereoselective construction of 1,5/1,7-nonadjacent tetrasubstituted stereocenters through a Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed Heck cascade reaction. Notably, a C=C bond relay strategy involving the shift of the π-allyl palladium intermediate was successfully applied in the asymmetric construction of 1,7-nonadjacent stereocenters. The current method allows for the efficient preparation of chiral molecules bearing two privileged scaffolds, oxindoles and non-natural α-amino acids, with good functional group tolerance. The full complement of the four stereoisomers of products bearing 1,5/1,7-nonadjacent stereocenters could be readily accessed by a simple combination of two chiral metal catalysts with different enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
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2
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Zhu W, Han C, Yang G, Huo X, Zhang W. Pd/Cu-Cocatalyzed Enantio- and Diastereodivergent Wacker-Type Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39099165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The Wacker and Wacker-type reactions are some of the most fundamental and powerful transformations in organic chemistry for their ability to efficiently produce valuable chemicals. Remarkable progress has been achieved in asymmetric oxy/aza-Wacker-type reactions; however, asymmetric Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization remains underdeveloped, especially for the concurrent construction of two stereocenters. Herein, we report a Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed enantio- and diastereodivergent Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization of alkene-tethered aryl triflates with imino esters. A series of 2-indanyl motifs bearing adjacent carbon stereocenters could be easily synthesized in moderate to excellent yields and with good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the origin of diastereoselectivity in this Pd/Cu synergistic catalytic system is jointly determined by both the intermolecular anti-carbopalladation of alkenes and the reductive elimination processes, in accordance with the Curtin-Hammett principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongyu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Chang X, Zhang J, Cheng X, Lv X, Guo C. Ni/Cu Dual-Catalyzed Propargylation for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Methohexital. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406764. [PMID: 39049712 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient methodologies for the controlled manufacture of specific stereoisomers bearing quaternary stereocenters has prompted advances in a variety of scientific disciplines including pharmaceutical chemistry, materials science, and chemical biology. However, complete control of the absolute and relative stereochemical configurations of alkyne derivatives remains an unmet synthetic challenge. Herein, a Ni/Cu dual-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic substitution reaction is presented to produce propargylated products with all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in high yields with significant diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, >99% ee). The synthesis of all stereochemical variants of methohexital, a widely used sedative-hypnotic drug, exemplifies the efficacy of dual-catalyzed stereodivergent propargylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Chang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- College of Materials and Chemistry & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xianhai Lv
- College of Materials and Chemistry & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Yang HR, Cheng X, Chang X, Wang ZF, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Copper/ruthenium relay catalysis enables 1,6-double chiral inductions with stereodivergence. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10135-10145. [PMID: 38966363 PMCID: PMC11220595 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The dual catalysis strategy is an efficient and powerful tool to fulfill the stereodivergent synthesis of stereoisomeric products from the same set of starting materials. Great attention has been given to the construction of chiral compounds with two contiguous stereocenters. However, the synthesis of two remote noncontiguous stereocenters is more challenging and is less developed, despite the high demand for synthetic tactics. We herein developed an unprecedented example of the stereodivergent preparation of synthetically useful and biologically important chiral ζ-hydroxy amino ester derivatives containing remote 1,6-noncontiguous stereocenters and a unique β,γ-unsaturation moiety. This cascade dehydrogenation/1,6-Michael addition/hydrogenation protocol between readily-available ketoimine esters and racemic branched dienyl carbinols was rationally realized with bimetallic copper/ruthenium relay catalysis. The key features of the process were atom economy, step economy, and redox-neutrality. All four stereoisomers of chiral ζ-hydroxy amino ester derivatives were easily achieved by the orthogonal permutations of a chiral copper catalyst and chiral ruthenium catalyst. Importantly, a much more challenging stereodivergent synthesis of all eight stereoisomers of chiral peptide products containing three remote stereocenters was accomplished with excellent results through the cooperation of two chiral catalyst pairs and substrate enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
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Su Z, Tan B, He H, Chen K, Chen S, Lei H, Chen TG, Ni SF, Li Z. Enantioselective Tsuji-Trost α-Fluoroallylation of Amino Acid Esters with Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402038. [PMID: 38412055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A novel enantioselective Tsuji-Trost-type cross coupling reaction between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes and N-unprotected amino acid esters enabled by synergistic Pd/Ni/chiral aldehyde catalysis is presented herein. This transformation streamlined the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of optically active α-quaternary α-amino acid esters bearing a linear 2-fluoroallylic motif, which served as an appealing platform for the construction of other valuable enantioenriched compounds. The key intermediates were confirmed by HRMS detection, while DFT calculations revealed that the excellent enantioselectivity was attributed to the stabilizing non-covalent interactions between the Pd(II)-π-fluoroallyl species and the Ni(II)-Schiff base complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Su
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Binhong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shixin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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He J, Li Z, Li R, Kou X, Liu D, Zhang W. Bimetallic Ru/Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric One-Pot Sequential Hydrogenations for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Chiral Lactones. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400621. [PMID: 38509867 PMCID: PMC11187880 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric sequential hydrogenations of α-methylene γ- or δ-keto carboxylic acids are established in one-pot using a bimetallic Ru/Ru catalyst system, achieving the stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of both chiral γ- and δ-lactones with two non-vicinal carbon stereocenters in high yields (up to 99%) and with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99% ee and >20:1 dr). The compatibility of the two chiral Ru catalyst systems is investigated in detail, and it is found that the basicity of the reaction system plays a key role in the sequential hydrogenation processes. The protocol can be performed on a gram-scale with a low catalyst loading (up to 11000 S/C) and the resulting products allow for many transformations, particularly for the synthesis of several key intermediates useful for the preparation of chiral drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Zhaodi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Ruhui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Xuezhen Kou
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Delong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
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7
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Wang H, Zhang R, Zi W. Synergistic Palladium/Copper-Catalyzed 1,4-Difunctionalization of 1,3-Dienes for Stereodivergent Construction of 1,5-Nonadjacent Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402843. [PMID: 38512004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The construction of two distal stereocenters through a single catalytic process is of great interest in organic synthesis. While there are some successful reports regarding stereodivergent preparation of 1,3- or 1,4-stereocenters, the more challenged 1,5-nonadjacent stereocenters have never been achieved in a stereodivergent fashion. Herein we describe a synergistic palladium/copper catalysis for 1,4-difunctionalization reactions of 1,3-dienes, providing access to 1,5-nonadjacent quaternary stereocenters. Because each of the two catalysts separately controlled one of the newly formed stereocenters, stereodivergent synthesis of all four diastereomers of the products could readily be achieved simply by choosing an appropriate combination of chiral catalysts. Experimental and computational studies supported a mechanism involving a Heck/Tsuji-Trost cascade reaction, and the origins of the stereoselectivity were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Griffiths CM, Franckevičius V. The Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Acyclic Enolates for the Construction of Quaternary and Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Centres. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304289. [PMID: 38284328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
To facilitate the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, the demand for novel stereofunctionalised building blocks has never been greater. Whilst molecules bearing quaternary and tetrasubstituted stereogenic centres are ideally suited to explore untapped areas of chemical space, the asymmetric construction ofsterically congested carbon centres remains a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. The enantioselective assembly of acyclic stereogenic centres is even more demanding due to the need to restrict a much wider range of geometries and conformations of the intermediates involved. In this context, the catalytic asymmetric allylicalkylation (AAA) of acyclic prochiral nucleophiles, namely enolates, has become an indispensable tool to access a range of linearα-quaternary andα-tetrasubstituted carbonyl compounds. However, unlike the AAA of cyclic enolates with a fixed enolate geometry, to achieve high levels of stereocontrol in the AAA of acyclic enolates, the stereoselectivity of enolisation must be considered. The aim of this review is to offer acomprehensivediscussion of catalytic AAA reactions of acyclic prochiral enolates and their analogues to generate congested quaternary and tetrasubstituted chiral centres using metal, non-metal and dual catalysis, with particular focus given to the control of enolate geometry and its impact on the stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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Ke M, Li X, Zong J, Wang B, Zheng J, Zhang S, Chen JA, Chen F. Asymmetric Construction of Carbon-Fluorine Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via Synergistic Pd/Cu Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:1201-1206. [PMID: 38308848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
We developed an asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation of vinylethylene carbonates with α-fluoro pyridinyl acetates through a synergistic palladium/copper catalysis. This protocol provides chiral allylic alcohol with carbon-fluorine quaternary stereogenic centers in good yield with good enantioselectivities and excellent regioselectivities. The utility of this approach was further demonstrated via a gram-scale experiment and derivatizations of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Ke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Zong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shujia Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ai Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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