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de Carvalho Lins CE, Pereira Crott LS, Teixeira JE, Barbosa JE. Reduced erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 in systemic lupus erythematosus is related to a disease activity index and not to the presence or severity of renal disease. Lupus 2016; 13:517-21. [PMID: 15352423 DOI: 10.1191/0961203304lu1053oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of the complement receptor type 1 (CR1) on the membrane of erythrocytes (CR1/E) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by flow cytometry. We found a significant reduction in CR1/E numbers in SLE patients (n 1/4 52), compared to controls (512 + 171 and 689 + 146, respectively, P 1/4 0.0001). Reduction was more pronounced in active disease patients. The mean CR1/E number observed in patients with inactive disease was 546 + 163 CR1/E, while active SLE patients presented a mean of 385 + 133 CR1/E(P 1/4 0.001). Patients with SLE with similar activity indexes tend to have similar CR1/E numbers, irrespective of disease severity. We also observed a trend to CR1/E reduction in severe nephritis patients. A small group of SLE patients with chronic renal failure and inactive disease showed CR1/E numbers nearly identical to controls (689 + 146 versus 686 + 123, respectively, P 1/4 0.95). This was the only group of SLE patients with normal CR1/E numbers. These results confirm the CR1/E reduction in SLE patients as previously described, and also suggest that this reduction is related to disease activity and not to disease severity.
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Senbagavalli P, Geetha S, Karunakaran K, Banu Rekha V, Venkatesan P, Ramanathan V. Reduced erythrocyte CR1 levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is an acquired phenomenon. Clin Immunol 2008; 128:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nath SK, Harley JB, Lee YH. Polymorphisms of complement receptor 1 and interleukin-10 genes and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Hum Genet 2005; 118:225-34. [PMID: 16133175 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have tested the association of the complement receptor 1 (CR1) and Interleukin-10 (IL10) polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but reported conflicting results. The aim of the study is to explore whether the CR1 and IL10 genes are associated with SLE susceptibility. We surveyed studies on the CR1 and IL10 polymorphisms and SLE using comprehensive Medline search and review of the references. A meta-analysis was conducted in a fixed effects model or random effects model based on between-study heterogeneity. Eighteen comparisons from 13 studies were included in the CR1 meta-analysis and a total of 16 separate comparisons were used for the IL10 meta-analysis. The CR1 meta-analysis showed no significant association of the CR1 functional polymorphisms with SLE. In contrast, the S structural variant of the CR1 showed a significant association (OR=1.544, 95% CI, 1.217-1.959, P<0.001). Stratification by ethnicity indicated that the CR1 S variant was associated with SLE in Caucasians (OR=1.667, 95% CI, 1.193-2.357, P=0.003). The IL10 meta-analysis showed a significant association between SLE and the G11 allele of IL10.G (OR=1.279, 95% CI; 1.027-1.593, P=0.028) in whole populations, and IL10 promoter -1082G allele was associated with SLE in Asians (OR=1.358, 95% CI; 1.015-1.816, P=0.039). In conclusion, the CR1 meta-analysis revealed the association of the S structural variant of the CR1 with SLE and the IL10 meta-analysis showed the association of IL10.G11 allele and SLE in whole populations and the association between promoter -A1082G polymorphism and SLE in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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4
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Cockburn IA, Mackinnon MJ, O'Donnell A, Allen SJ, Moulds JM, Baisor M, Bockarie M, Reeder JC, Rowe JA. A human complement receptor 1 polymorphism that reduces Plasmodium falciparum rosetting confers protection against severe malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 101:272-7. [PMID: 14694201 PMCID: PMC314175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0305306101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) from children suffering from severe malaria often adhere to complement receptor 1 (CR1) on uninfected RBCs to form clumps of cells known as "rosettes." Despite a well documented association between rosetting and severe malaria, it is controversial whether rosetting is a cause or a correlate of parasite virulence. CR1-deficient RBC show greatly reduced rosetting; therefore, we hypothesized that, if rosetting is a direct cause of malaria pathology, CR1-deficient individuals should be protected against severe disease. In this study, we show that RBC CR1 deficiency occurs in up to 80% of healthy individuals from the malaria-endemic regions of Papua New Guinea. This RBC CR1 deficiency is associated with polymorphisms in the CR1 gene and, unexpectedly, with alpha-thalassemia, a common genetic disorder in Melanesian populations. Analysis of a case-control study demonstrated that the CR1 polymorphisms and alpha-thalassemia independently confer protection against severe malaria. We have therefore identified CR1 as a new malaria resistance gene and provided compelling evidence that rosetting is an important parasite virulence phenotype that should be a target for drug and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cockburn
- Institute of Cell Animal and Population Biology, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
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5
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Walport MJ. Complement and systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2002; 4 Suppl 3:S279-93. [PMID: 12110148 PMCID: PMC3240161 DOI: 10.1186/ar586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2002] [Accepted: 03/04/2002] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Complement is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in several ways and may act as both friend and foe. Homozygous deficiency of any of the proteins of the classical pathway is causally associated with susceptibility to the development of SLE, especially deficiency of the earliest proteins of the activation pathway. However, complement is also implicated in the effector inflammatory phase of the autoimmune response that characterizes the disease. Complement proteins are deposited in inflamed tissues and, in experimental models, inhibition of C5 ameliorates disease in a murine model. As a further twist to the associations between the complement system and SLE, autoantibodies to some complement proteins, especially to C1q, develop as part of the autoantibody response. The presence of anti-C1q autoantibodies is associated with severe illness, including glomerulonephritis. In this chapter the role of the complement system in SLE is reviewed and hypotheses are advanced to explain the complex relationships between complement and lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Walport
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
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Pickering MC, Botto M, Taylor PR, Lachmann PJ, Walport MJ. Systemic lupus erythematosus, complement deficiency, and apoptosis. Adv Immunol 2001; 76:227-324. [PMID: 11079100 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(01)76021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Alleles
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/metabolism
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/etiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Bias
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Collectins
- Complement Activation
- Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins/deficiency
- Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins/genetics
- Complement C1q/deficiency
- Complement C1q/genetics
- Complement C1q/immunology
- Complement System Proteins/deficiency
- Complement System Proteins/genetics
- Complement System Proteins/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Infant
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/etiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Middle Aged
- Models, Immunological
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, Complement/chemistry
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Pickering
- Rheumatology Section, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, England
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7
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Xiang L, Rundles JR, Hamilton DR, Wilson JG. Quantitative Alleles of CR1: Coding Sequence Analysis and Comparison of Haplotypes in Two Ethnic Groups. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.9.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The quantitative expression of complement receptor type 1 (CR1) on erythrocytes is regulated by two CR1 alleles that differ in having genomic HindIII fragments of either 7.4 or 6.9 kb and that determine high (H allele) or low (L allele) CR1 expression, respectively, across a 10-fold range. To investigate whether the product of the L allele may contain amino acid substitutions that make it more susceptible to proteolysis, cDNA sequence spanning the CR1 coding region was analyzed in two donors who were homozygous for the H and L alleles and differed by 7-fold in their mean numbers of CR1 per erythrocyte. Sequence differences were detected at 10 nucleotide positions, including 6 that would cause amino acid substitutions. The HindIII RFLP and 3 of the latter 6 sites were analyzed in genomic DNA of 85 Caucasians and 75 African Americans; sites encoding the other amino acid substitutions were analyzed less extensively. Two major haplotypes defined prototypic H and L alleles in both ethnic groups, suggesting that these alleles existed before the African and European populations diverged. Decreased erythrocyte CR1 expression is associated with impaired clearance of immune complexes from blood. Persistence of the L allele in all populations that have been analyzed may suggest a compensatory survival advantage, perhaps related to malaria or another infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- *Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216; and
| | | | | | - James G. Wilson
- *Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216; and
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9
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10
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Herrera AH, Xiang L, Martin SG, Lewis J, Wilson JG. Analysis of complement receptor type 1 (CR1) expression on erythrocytes and of CR1 allelic markers in Caucasian and African American populations. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1998; 87:176-83. [PMID: 9614933 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1998.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CR1 expression on erythrocytes (E) is regulated by an element that is tightly linked in Caucasians to the site of an RFLP of the CR1 gene. Genomic HindIII fragments of 7.4 and 6.9 kb identify alleles that are expressed in high (H allele) or low (L allele) amounts, respectively. When age-fractionated E of donors heterozygous for both the H and L alleles and for CR1 allotypes of differing molecular weights were analyzed in Western blots, the product of the L allele appeared to have an increased rate of loss during cell aging. A coding sequence polymorphism of CR1 predicted to cause a Pro-->Arg substitution in its proximal extramembranous region was tightly linked in Caucasians to the site of the HindIII RFLP. However, neither this polymorphism nor the HindIII RFLP correlated with CR1 expression among African Americans. Relative instability of CR1 encoded by the L allele thus may derive from another coding sequence polymorphism, or may require both the Pro-->Arg substitution and epistatic effects of another polymorphic gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Herrera
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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11
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Dervillez X, Oudin S, Libyh MT, Tabary T, Reveil B, Philbert F, Bougy F, Pluot M, Cohen JH. Catabolism of the human erythrocyte C3b/C4b receptor (CR1, CD35): vesiculation and/or proteolysis? IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1997; 38:129-40. [PMID: 9476124 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(97)00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human erythrocytes (E) react by exocytosis of membrane vesicles to various stresses including the fixation of the membrane attack complex of Complement. E from normal individuals loose a notable proportion of their initial number of surface CR1 molecules during the ageing process. An acquired decrease of CR1 on E also occurs in pathological conditions such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or AIDS. The present study investigated whether calcium ionophore A23187 (Ca-ion) induced vesicle formation of human E in vitro is responsible for a preferential loss of CR1 as well as whether CR1 molecules at the surface of Ca-ion treated E or vesicles are: (i) functional, (ii) native or protease degraded, or (iii) more clustered than CR1 on native E. A study of E from 137 normal individuals showed that a one-hour Ca-ion induced vesicle formation preferentially removed one third of E surface CR1. Kinetic experiments suggested that all surface CR1 could be removed from E upon longer incubation times. CR1 molecules on vesicles were still able to inhibit Complement activation, and were found in larger clusters than on native E. These data suggest that a significant part of surface CR1 molecules may be removed from E by vesicle formation during the life of E in normal individuals. This phenomenon could be exacerbated in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dervillez
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Robert Debré, Reims, France
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Schur
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Sinha S, Khandekar PS, Banerjee K, Srivastava LM. Hind III genomic polymorphism of the C3b receptor (CR1) in patients with SLE: low erythrocyte CR1 expression is an acquired phenomenon. Immunol Cell Biol 1995; 73:457-62. [PMID: 8595925 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1995.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the human erythrocyte C3b receptor (CR1-CD35) and its Hind III RFLP was studied in a group of 37 patients with SLE, 15 consanguineous relatives of the patients and 48 healthy normal subjects. The CR1 number on erythrocytes was quantitated by ELISA using a mAb to CR1. Serum levels of complement proteins (C3, C4, C3d) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated simultaneously in controls and relatives. The patients were followed up during the course of the treatment. The CR1/erythrocyte (CR1/E) in patients were found to be significantly low in comparison to controls. The gene frequencies for the alleles H and L (7.4 and 6.9 kb Hind III restriction fragments) in the patients were 0.75 and 0.25, respectively, which did not differ significantly from the controls (0.77 and 0.23 in normal subjects and 0.79 and 0.21 in consanguineous relatives of the patients). However, patients expressed fewer CR1/E within each genotype than their relatives and healthy subjects. CR/E was found to be stable in consecutive samples in controls. In patients, the numbers varied between low and high during the course of the treatment. The variation in the numbers was significantly correlated with C3d and CIC as well as with the severity of the disease. Our results suggest that low levels of CR1 on erythrocytes in SLE patients are required during the course of the disease and that the 6.9 kb restriction fragment does not play a role in causing susceptibility to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Davies KA, Schifferli JA, Walport MJ. Complement deficiency and immune complex disease. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1994; 15:397-416. [PMID: 8153874 DOI: 10.1007/bf01837367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Davies
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Kumar A, Malaviya AN, Sinha S, Khandekar PS, Banerjee K, Srivastava LM. C3b receptor (CR1) genomic polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis. Low receptor levels on erythrocytes are an acquired phenomenon. Immunol Res 1994; 13:61-71. [PMID: 7897264 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The number of complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) molecules on erythrocytes is genetically determined by two codominant alleles. The numerical expression of CR1 on erythrocytes correlates with a HindIII-RFLP or CR1 gene using CR1-1, a complementary DNA probe. We have found low CR1 on erythrocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an Indian population. Low levels in RA patients may be acquired or genetically determined. Fifty-two patients with RA, 48 nonrelated healthy subjects and 19 consanguineous relatives of patients were genotyped. CR1 numbers on erythrocytes were quantitated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal anti-CR1 antibody. Normal subjects and patients were followed up for a period of 6 months to evaluate the stability of their CR1 expression. The gene frequency for allele H and L (7.4- and 6.9-kb HindIII restriction fragment, respectively), which correlated with high and low expression of CR1 on erythrocytes was 0.77 and 0.23 in the normal controls. Gene frequency in RA patients was 0.78 and 0.22 for H and L allele, which did not differ significantly from either controls or relatives (0.80 and 0.20 for H and L allele, respectively). However, RA patients expressed fewer CR1 on erythrocytes within each genotype than their relatives and controls. CR1 on erythrocytes were found to be stable in consecutive samples in controls. In RA patients, the number varied between low and high during the course of the disease. The variation in number was significantly correlated (p < 0.05, r = -0.85 to -0.98) with disease activity as monitored by erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Our results suggest that low levels of CR1 on erythrocytes in patients with RA are not inherited, rather they are acquired during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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16
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Shiokawa S, Yasuda M, Nobunaga M. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the membrane cofactor protein gene in patients with rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol 1993; 12:286-7. [PMID: 8102952 DOI: 10.1007/bf02231551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Abstract
In this review it is our intention to outline briefly the relevance of the complement system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Three main issues will be addressed: the role of complement in handling immune complexes (ICs), the association between complement deficiencies and IC diseases, and the value of measuring complement components and their conversion products in monitoring disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Porcel
- Department of Immunology, King's College Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
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18
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Lahita
- Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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20
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Cornillet P, Gredy P, Pennaforte JL, Meyer O, Kazatchkine MD, Cohen JH. Increased frequency of the long (S) allotype of CR1 (the C3b/C4b receptor, CD35) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 89:22-5. [PMID: 1352746 PMCID: PMC1554391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The allotypic forms of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1, CD35) differ in length, in the number of expressed C3b binding sites and thus in their ability to mediate the processing of circulating C3- and C4-bearing immune complexes. We have used a combination of three informative restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to assess the frequencies of the F (most frequent allele comprised of four long homologous repeats (LHR)), S (five LHR) and F' (three LHR) alleles of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1, CD35) in a French population of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 158). A significantly higher frequency of the S phenotype was observed among patients (51%) as compared with controls (26%). The F' allele was found in 2/61 patients and 1/85 healthy controls, indicating the rare occurrence of the short CR1 allele in SLE. This allele is also extremely rare in the normal population. The overrepresentation of the S long allele among patients is indicative of a genetic linkage between CR1 and susceptibility to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cornillet
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU R. Debré, Reims, France
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Moulds JM, Moulds JJ, Brown M, Atkinson JP. Antiglobulin testing for CR1-related (Knops/McCoy/Swain-Langley/York) blood group antigens: negative and weak reactions are caused by variable expression of CR1. Vox Sang 1992; 62:230-5. [PMID: 1379395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Knops, McCoy, Swain-Langley and York antigens have recently been identified as being on complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35, C3b/C4b receptor). We examined the relationship between CR1 expression and the reactivity of the CR1-related blood group antigens with their specific antibodies. RBC from donors of selected phenotypes were tested by hemagglutination using two monoclonal antibodies to CR1, as well as anti-Kna, -McCa, -S1a, -'Kn/McC' and -Yka. Monoclonal antibodies 3D9 and E11 required approximately 250 and approximately 400 CR1/RBC to obtain a positive reaction. Agglutination of antigen-positive cells by human polyclonal antisera was related to the CR1/RBC: thus, cells expressing 20-100 CR1/RBC were negative and included the previously designated null phenotypes for this collection, 100-150 were weak or negative, and greater than 200 were usually positive. One RBC sample carried Yka on the 190,000 dalton (A or F allele), but not the 220,000 dalton (B or S allele) variant of CR1, and gave inconsistent reactions with Yka antisera. These data provide an explanation for certain of the serologic characteristics of the CR1-related blood group antigen system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Moulds
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
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22
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Cohen JH, Lutz HU, Pennaforte JL, Bouchard A, Kazatchkine MD. Peripheral catabolism of CR1 (the C3b receptor, CD35) on erythrocytes from healthy individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 87:422-8. [PMID: 1531948 PMCID: PMC1554329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the rate of catabolism of CR1 (the C3b receptor, CD35) on erythrocytes (E) in vivo, in relationship with the expressed number of CR1/E, the CR1.1 HindIII quantitative CR1 polymorphism, and cell age. The relationship between the number of CR1/E and cell age was analysed by measuring G6PDH activity in E that had been sorted according to high or low expression of CR1 (CD35), by assessing the expression of CR1 (CD35) on E separated according to cell density, and by comparing the number of CR1 (CD35) antigenic sites on reticulocytes and on E. A physiological catabolism of CR1 (CD35) manifested by a reduction in the number of CR1 (CD35) antigenic sites/E with cell ageing was consistently observed in healthy individuals. The number of CR1/E decreased with ageing of E according to a complex pattern that associated an exponential decay and an offset. Calculated half-lives of CR1 (CD35) ranged between 11 and 32 days in healthy individuals. A more rapid loss of CR1 (CD35) with cell ageing occurred on cells from individuals expressing high numbers of CR1/E. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), half-lives of CR1 (CD35) on E were in the same range as those of healthy individuals with a similar quantitative CR1 genotype; the number of CR1 (CD35) on reticulocytes was reduced and linearly related to the number of CR1/E, independently of the patients' quantitative CR1 genotype. Transfusion experiments with E bearing high or low amounts of CR1/E indicated the lack of preferential removal of E bearing high numbers of CR1 (CD35) in patients with SLE. These results indicate that the rate of loss of CR1 (CD35) from E with cell ageing is directly related to the quantitative CR1 phenotype and suggest that enhanced peripheral catabolism is not the sole mechanism of the acquired loss of CR1 (CD35) on E in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cohen
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Robert Debré, Reims, France
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Lahesmaa R, Eerola E, Toivanen A. Does reduced erythrocyte C3b receptor (CR1) activity contribute to the pathogenesis of yersinia triggered reactive arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51:97-100. [PMID: 1531747 PMCID: PMC1004628 DOI: 10.1136/ard.51.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocyte C3b receptor (CR1) activity was measured in 27 patients with yersinia triggered reactive arthritis and in 151 control subjects, including 36 patients with uncomplicated yersiniosis and 115 healthy subjects. CR1 was measured by the immune adherence haemagglutination method. Patients with yersinia triggered reactive arthritis had reduced levels of CR1 compared with the controls. This difference was mainly due to the finding that five out of six HLA B27 negative patients with arthritis had decreased CR1 activity. Such a quantitative difference may contribute to the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis by affecting the clearance of immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lahesmaa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland
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Satoh H, Yokota E, Tokiyama K, Kawaguchi T, Niho Y. Distribution of the HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with different concentrations of CR1. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50:765-8. [PMID: 1685310 PMCID: PMC1004554 DOI: 10.1136/ard.50.11.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sixty six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were genotyped using a HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism identified by CR1.1 cDNA, then were followed up for an average of 50 months to evaluate the stability of their CR1 activities. The gene frequencies for the two alleles which correlate with the numeric expression of CR1 on the erythrocytes were not significantly different between 66 patients with SLE and 52 normal controls. A discrepancy between homozygosity for a high allele and a negative CR1 activity was found in many patients. These patients, however, had significantly lower concentrations of serum complement than did patients with a positive CR1, and some were in an active state of the disease. Furthermore, there were several patients in whom the CR1 activities changed from negative to positive together with an increase in serum complement. Our results suggest that the decreased expression of CR1 on erythrocytes in patients with SLE is not inherited, rather it is a consequence of the disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Satoh
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Appay MD, Kazatchkine MD, Levi-Strauss M, Hinglais N, Bariety J. Expression of CR1 (CD35) mRNA in podocytes from adult and fetal human kidneys. Kidney Int 1990; 38:289-93. [PMID: 2402120 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1990.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of CR1 mRNA in podocytes was investigated using a 35S-labeled CR1 cDNA probe and in situ hybridization in sections from fetal and adult human kidneys. CR1 mRNA was only detected in immature podocytes at early stages of glomerular differentiation in the fetal kidney. In contrast, CR1 antigen was abundantly expressed on immature and mature podocytes in fetal kidneys and adult glomeruli. Thus, the expression of the CR1 gene in podocytes is tightly regulated. It is possible that the prolonged life span of adult podocytes is associated with a slow turnover of CR1 and low or intermittent accumulation of CR1 mRNA transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Appay
- INSERM U28, Hôpital Broussais, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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