1
|
Lee CS, Lee M, Na K, Hwang HS. Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Therapy and Tissue Engineering Applications. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5278-5311. [PMID: 37867343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, stem cells and their secretomes have attracted great attention in biomedical applications, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secretomes of cells for cell-to-cell communication. They play a role as intercellular messengers as they carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and therapeutic agents. They have also been utilized as drug-delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, stability, targetability, and engineerable properties. The therapeutic potential of EVs can be further enhanced by surface engineering and modification using functional molecules such as aptamers, peptides, and antibodies. As a consequence, EVs hold great promise as effective delivery vehicles for enhancing treatment efficacy while avoiding side effects. Among various cell types that secrete EVs, stem cells are ideal sources of EVs because stem cells have unique properties such as self-renewal and regenerative potential for transplantation into damaged tissues that can facilitate their regeneration. However, challenges such as immune rejection and ethical considerations remain significant hurdles. Stem cell-derived EVs have been extensively explored as a cell-free approach that bypasses many challenges associated with cell-based therapy in cancer therapy and tissue regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of various types of stem cells as a source of EVs, their engineering, and applications of EVs, focusing on cancer therapy and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kun Na
- Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muza UL, Ehrlich L, Pospiech D, Lederer A. High-Resolution Tracking of Multiple Distributions in Metallic Nanostructures: Advanced Analysis Was Carried Out with Novel 3D Correlation Thermal Field-Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37441802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional metallic nanostructures are essential in the architecture of modern technology. However, their characterization remains challenging due to their hybrid nature. In this study, we present a novel photoreduction-based protocol for augmenting the inherent properties of imidazolium-containing ionic polymers (IIP)s through orthogonal functionalization with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to produce IIP_Au NPs, as well as novel and advanced characterization via three-dimensional correlation thermal field-flow fractionation (3DCoThFFF). Coordination chemistry is applied to anchor Au3+ onto the nitrogen atom of the imidazolium rings, for subsequent photoreduction to Au NPs using UV irradiation. Thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF) and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NPs are both dependent on size, shape, and composition, thus synergistically co-opted herein to develop mutual correlation for the advanced analysis of 3D spectral data. With 3DCoThFFF, multiple sizes, shapes, compositions, and their respective distributions are synchronously correlated using time-resolved LSPR, as derived from multiple two-dimensional UV-vis spectra per unit ThFFF retention time. As such, higher resolutions and sensitivities are observed relative to those of regular ThFFF and batch UV-vis. In addition, 3DCoThFFF is shown to be highly suitable for monitoring and evaluating the thermostability and dynamics of the metallic nanostructures through the sequential correlation of UV-vis spectra measured under incremental ThFFF temperature gradients. Comparable sizes are measured for IIP and IIP_Au NPs. However, distinct elution profiles and UV-vis absorbances are recorded, thereby reaffirming the versatility of ThFFF as a robust tool for validating the successful functionalization of IIP with Au to produce IIP_Au NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upenyu L Muza
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Center Macromolecular Structure Analysis, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Ehrlich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute Macromolecular Chemistry, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Doris Pospiech
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute Macromolecular Chemistry, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Center Macromolecular Structure Analysis, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boye S, Muza U, Geisler M, Lederer A. Field-Flow Fractionation: Extended Frontiers to Supramolecular and Complex Polymer Materials. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.lk4689u6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this extended special feature to celebrate the 35th anniversary edition of LCGC Europe, leading figures from the separation science community explore contemporary trends in separation science and identify possible future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Boye
- Leibniz- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
| | - Upenyu Muza
- Leibniz- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Characterization of High Molecular Weight Pneumococcal Conjugate by SEC-MALS and AF4-MALS. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183769. [PMID: 36145915 PMCID: PMC9501040 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause serious pneumococcal diseases and other medical complications among patients. Polysaccharide-based vaccines have been successfully developed as prophylactic agents against such deadly bacterial infections. In the 1980s, PNEUMOVAX® 23 were introduced as the first pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV). Later, pneumococcal polysaccharides were conjugated to a carrier protein to improve immune responses. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) such as PREVNAR® and VAXNEUVANCE™ have been developed. Of the more than 90 pneumococcal bacteria serotypes, serotype 1 (ST-1) and serotype 4 (ST-4) are the two main types that cause invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) that could lead to morbidity and mortality. Development of a novel multi-valent PCV against these serotypes requires extensive biophysical and biochemical characterizations of each monovalent conjugate (MVC) in the vaccine. To understand and characterize these high molecular weight (Mw) polysaccharide protein conjugates, we employed the multi-angle light scattering (MALS) technique coupled with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) separation and asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4). MALS analysis of MVCs from the two orthogonal separation mechanisms helps shed light on the heterogeneity in conformation and aggregation states of each conjugate.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaupbayeva B, Murata H, Matyjaszewski K, Russell AJ, Boye S, Lederer A. A comprehensive analysis in one run - in-depth conformation studies of protein-polymer chimeras by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13848-13856. [PMID: 34760170 PMCID: PMC8549772 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based protein engineering has enabled the synthesis of a variety of protein-polymer conjugates that are widely applicable in therapeutic, diagnostic and biotechnological industries. Accurate characterizations of physical-chemical properties, in particular, molar masses, sizes, composition and their dispersities are critical parameters that determine the functionality and conformation of protein-polymer conjugates and are important for creating reproducible manufacturing processes. Most of the current characterization techniques suffer from fundamental limitations and do not provide an accurate understanding of a sample's true nature. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantage of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with multiple detectors for the characterization of a library of complex, zwitterionic and neutral protein-polymer conjugates. This method allows for determination of intrinsic physical properties of protein-polymer chimeras from a single, rapid measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Susanne Boye
- Center Macromolecular Structure Analysis, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Center Macromolecular Structure Analysis, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moreno S, Boye S, Ajeilat HGA, Michen S, Tietze S, Voit B, Lederer A, Temme A, Appelhans D. Multivalent Protein-Loaded pH-Stable Polymersomes: First Step toward Protein Targeted Therapeutics. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100102. [PMID: 34355506 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic platforms for mimicking artificial organelles or for designing multivalent protein therapeutics for targeting cell surface, extracellular matrix, and tissues are in the focus of this study. Furthermore, the availability of a multi-functionalized and stimuli-responsive carrier system is required that can be used for sequential in situ and/or post loading of different proteins combined with post-functionalization steps. Until now, polymersomes exhibit excellent key characteristics to fulfill those requirements, which allow specific transport of proteins and the integration of proteins in different locations of polymeric vesicles. Herein, different approaches to fabricate multivalent protein-loaded, pH-responsive, and pH-stable polymersomes are shown, where a combination of therapeutic action and targeting can be achieved, by first choosing two model proteins such as human serum albumin and avidin. Validation of the molecular parameters of the multivalent biohybrids is performed by dynamic light scattering, cryo-TEM, fluorescence spectroscopy, and asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation combined with light scattering techniques. To demonstrate targeting functions of protein-loaded polymersomes, avidin post-functionalized polymersomes are used for the molecular recognition of biotinylated cell surface receptors. These versatile protein-loaded polymersomes present new opportunities for designing sophisticated biomolecular nanoobjects in the field of (extracellular matrix) protein therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tietze
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| |
Collapse
|