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Xu Y, Li P, Cheng D, Wu C, Lu Q, Yang W, Zhu X, Yin P, Liu M, Li H, Zhang Y. Group IV nanodots: synthesis, surface engineering and application in bioimaging and biotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10290-10308. [PMID: 33103712 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01881c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Group IV nanodots (NDs) mainly including carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) have aroused much attention as one type of important nanomaterials that are widely studied in optoelectronics, semiconductors, sensors and biomedicine-related fields owing to the low cost of synthesis, good stability, excellent biocompatibility, and some attractive newly emerged properties. In this review, the synthesis, surface engineering and application in bioimaging and biotherapy of group IV NDs are summarized and discussed. The recent progress in the rational synthesis and functionalization, specific therapy-related properties, together with in vivo and in vitro bioimaging are highlighted. Their new applications in biotherapy such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are illustrated with respect to C, Si and Ge NDs. The current challenges and future applications of these emerging materials in bioimaging and biotherapy are presented. This review provides readers with a distinct perspective of the group IV NDs nanomaterials for synthesis and surface engineering, and newly emerging properties related to applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Peipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Dan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Qiujun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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Gutierrez-Cuevas KG, Wang L, Zheng ZG, Bisoyi HK, Li G, Tan LS, Vaia RA, Li Q. Frequency-Driven Self-Organized Helical Superstructures Loaded with Mesogen-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13090-13094. [PMID: 27633941 PMCID: PMC5540573 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adding colloidal nanoparticles into liquid-crystal media has become a promising pathway either to enhance or to introduce novel properties for improved device performance. Here we designed and synthesized new colloidal hybrid silica nanoparticles passivated with a mesogenic monolayer on the surface to facilitate their organo-solubility and compatibility in a liquid-crystal host. The resulting nanoparticles were identified by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, TEM, TGA, and UV/Vis techniques, and the hybrid nanoparticles were doped into a dual-frequency cholesteric liquid-crystal host to appraise both their compatibility with the host and the effect of the doping concentration on their electro-optical properties. Interestingly, the silica-nanoparticle-doped liquid-crystalline nanocomposites were found to be able to dynamically self-organize into a helical configuration and exhibit multi-stability, that is, homeotropic (transparent), focal conic (opaque), and planar states (partially transparent), depending on the frequency applied at sustained low voltage. Significantly, a higher contrast ratio between the transparent state and scattering state was accomplished in the nanoparticle-embedded liquid-crystal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G Gutierrez-Cuevas
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Zheng
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Hari K Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Richard A Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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Gutierrez-Cuevas KG, Wang L, Zheng ZG, Bisoyi HK, Li G, Tan LS, Vaia RA, Li Q. Frequency-Driven Self-Organized Helical Superstructures Loaded with Mesogen-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla G. Gutierrez-Cuevas
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program; Kent State University; Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program; Kent State University; Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Zhi-gang Zheng
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program; Kent State University; Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Hari K. Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program; Kent State University; Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43212 USA
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program; Kent State University; Kent OH 44242 USA
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Zarschler K, Rocks L, Licciardello N, Boselli L, Polo E, Garcia KP, De Cola L, Stephan H, Dawson KA. Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles: State-of-the-art and perspectives for biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1663-701. [PMID: 27013135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticulate materials with core sizes in the 1-3nm range bridge the gap between single molecules and classical, larger-sized nanomaterials, not only in terms of spatial dimension, but also as regards physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to these unique properties, ultrasmall nanoparticles appear to be promising materials for nanomedicinal applications. This review overviews the different synthetic methods of inorganic ultrasmall nanoparticles as well as their properties, characterization, surface modification and toxicity. We moreover summarize the current state of knowledge regarding pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and targeting of nanoscale materials. Aside from addressing the issue of biomolecular corona formation and elaborating on the interactions of ultrasmall nanoparticles with individual cells, we discuss the potential diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications of ultrasmall nanoparticles in the emerging field of nanomedicine in the final part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Louise Rocks
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany; Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ester Polo
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karina Pombo Garcia
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Bukovsky E, Castro KP, Wyatt BM, Boltalina OV, Strauss SH. Anaerobic vs. aerobic preparation of silicon nanoparticles by stirred media milling. The effects of dioxygen, milling solvent, and milling time on particle size, surface area, crystallinity, surface/near-surface composition, and reactivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles milled anaerobically in heptane or mesitylene are smaller and much more reactive than SiNPs milled aerobically in the same solvents for equal attritor milling times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brent M. Wyatt
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
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Malumbres A, Martínez G, Hueso JL, Gracia J, Mallada R, Ibarra A, Santamaría J. Facile production of stable silicon nanoparticles: laser chemistry coupled to in situ stabilization via room temperature hydrosilylation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8566-8573. [PMID: 25898392 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stable, alkyl-terminated, light-emitting silicon nanoparticles have been synthesized in a continuous process by laser pyrolysis of a liquid trialkyl-silane precursor selected as a safer alternative to gas silane (SiH4). Stabilization was achieved by in situ reaction using a liquid collection system instead of the usual solid state filtration. The alkene contained in the collection liquid (1-dodecene) reacted with the newly formed silicon nanoparticles in an unusual room-temperature hydrosilylation process. It was achieved by the presence of fluoride species, also produced during laser pyrolysis from the decomposition of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) selected as a laser sensitizer. This process directly rendered alkyl-passivated silicon nanoparticles with consistent morphology and size (<3 nm), avoiding the use of costly post-synthetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malumbres
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wang H, Xu Z, Fink MJ, Shchukin D, Mitchell BS. Functionalized silicon nanoparticles from reactive cavitation erosion of silicon wafers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1465-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonochemical reactor used for reactive cavitation erosion formation of functionalized silicon nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Wang
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Peach Street
- Liverpool L69 7ZF
| | - Zejing Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Mark J. Fink
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Peach Street
- Liverpool L69 7ZF
| | - Brian S. Mitchell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- 300 Lindy Claiborne Boggs Center
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
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Wheeler DA, Zhang JZ. Exciton dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2878-2896. [PMID: 23625792 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of recent advances in the study and understanding of dynamics of excitons in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs). Emphasis is placed on the relationship between exciton dynamics and optical properties, both linear and nonlinear. We also focus on the unique aspects of exciton dynamics in semiconductor NCs as compared to those in bulk crystals. Various experimental techniques for probing exciton dynamics, particularly time-resolved laser methods, are reviewed. Relevant models and computational studies are also briefly presented. By comparing different materials systems, a unifying picture is proposed to account for the major dynamic features of excitons in semiconductor QDs. While the specific dynamic processes involved are material-dependent, key processes can be identified for all the materials that include electronic dephasing, intraband relaxation, trapping, and interband recombination of free and trapped charge carriers (electron and hole). Exciton dynamics play a critical role in the fundamental properties and functionalities of nanomaterials of interest for a variety of applications including optical detectors, solar energy conversion, lasers, and sensors. A better understanding of exciton dynamics in nanomaterials is thus important both fundamentally and technologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon A Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Fax: (831) 459-3776
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Sun H, Miyazaki S, Tamamitsu H, Saitow KI. One-pot facile synthesis of a concentrated Si nanoparticle solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10302-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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The Mechanochemical Formation of Functionalized Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Biological, Electronic and Superhydrophobic Surface Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118144602.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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Manhat BA, Brown AL, Black LA, Ross JA, Fichter K, Vu T, Richman E, Goforth AM. One-step Melt Synthesis of Water Soluble, Photoluminescent, Surface-Oxidized Silicon Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging Applications. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2011; 23:2407-2418. [PMID: 23139440 PMCID: PMC3490632 DOI: 10.1021/cm200270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a versatile, one-step melt synthesis of water-soluble, highly emissive silicon nanoparticles using bi-functional, low-melting solids (such as glutaric acid) as reaction media. Characterization through transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy shows that the one-step melt synthesis produces nanoscale Si cores surrounded by a silicon oxide shell. Analysis of the nanoparticle surface using FT-IR, zeta potential, and gel electrophoresis indicates that the bi-functional ligand used in the one-step synthesis is grafted onto the nanoparticle, which allows for tuning of the particle surface charge, solubility, and functionality. Photoluminescence spectra of the as-prepared glutaric acid-synthesized silicon nanoparticles show an intense blue-green emission with a short (ns) lifetime suitable for biological imaging. These nanoparticles are found to be stable in biological media and have been used to examine cellular uptake and distribution in live N2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Manhat
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Labe A. Black
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - J.B. Alexander Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Katye Fichter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Tania Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Erik Richman
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Andrea M. Goforth
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201
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Hallmann S, Fink MJ, Mitchell BS. Wetting properties of silicon films from alkyl-passivated particles produced by mechanochemical synthesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 348:634-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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