1
|
Iwasaki T, Kambe N. Cross- and Multi-Coupling Reactions Using Monofluoroalkanes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300033. [PMID: 37070641 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-fluorine bonds are stable and have demonstrated sluggishness against various chemical manipulations. However, selective transformations of C-F bonds can be achieved by developing appropriate conditions as useful synthetic methods in organic chemistry. This review focuses on C-C bond formation at monofluorinated sp3 -hybridized carbons via C-F bond cleavage, including cross-coupling and multi-component coupling reactions. The C-F bond cleavage mechanisms on the sp3 -hybridized carbon centers can be primarily categorized into three types: Lewis acids promoted F atom elimination to generate carbocation intermediates; nucleophilic substitution with metal or carbon nucleophiles supported by the activation of C-F bonds by coordination of Lewis acids; and the cleavage of C-F bonds via a single electron transfer. The characteristic features of alkyl fluorides, in comparison with other (pseudo)halides as promising electrophilic coupling counterparts, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dajnak A, Shi L, Altınbaş Özpınar G, Lenk R, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Müller T, Maerten E. Imine-stabilized silylium ions: synthesis, structure and application in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3052-3058. [PMID: 36779626 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel norbornene-based imine-stabilized silylium ions 2 have been synthesized via the simple reaction of sulfide-stabilized silylium ion 1 with carbonyl derivatives. Those silylium ions were fully characterized in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis as well as DFT calculations. Unlike the previously reported phosphine-stabilized silylium ion VI, behaving as a Lewis pair, calculations show that 2 have a strong Lewis acid character. Indeed, imine-stabilized silylium ions 2 are able to activate Si-H bonds and catalyzed the hydrosilylation of carbonyl derivatives under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Dajnak
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Limiao Shi
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Gül Altınbaş Özpınar
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Romaric Lenk
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT UAR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dajnak A, Özpınar GA, Lenk R, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Müller T, Maerten E. Norbornene based-sulfide-stabilized silylium ions: synthesis, structure and application in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1407-1414. [PMID: 34994754 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A norbornene-based sulfide stabilized silylium ion 4 has been synthesized. The S-Si interaction was studied in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis as well as DFT calculations. Unlike the previously reported phosphine-stabilized silylium ion VII, behaving as a Lewis pair, calculations predict that 4 should behave as a Lewis acid toward acrylate derivatives. Indeed, the base-stabilized silylium ion 4 has emerged as an easy-to-handle silylium ion-based Lewis acid catalyst, particularly for the Diels-Alder cycloaddition, with poorly reactive dienes, and hydrodefluorination reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Dajnak
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Gül Altınbaş Özpınar
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Romaric Lenk
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT UAR2599 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Main Group Catalysis: Cationic Si(II) and Ge(II) Compounds as Catalysts in Organosilicon Chemistry. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions2040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopentadienyl (Cp)-coordinated cationic Si(II) (1) and Ge(II) compounds (2) are a new class of catalysts for various transformations in organosilicon chemistry. This review demonstrates that these compounds effectively catalyze technically important reactions, such as the hydrosilylation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds and various types of siloxane-coupling reactions, e.g., the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction and the oxidative siloxane coupling reaction. Whereas the cationic Si(II) compounds are sensitive to air and moisture, the corresponding cationic Ge(II) compounds are bench stable, thus offering further advantages. The new catalysts contribute to the growing need for the substitution of transition metals and heavier main group metals by their lighter congeners, especially in industrially relevant organosilicon chemistry.
Collapse
|
5
|
He T, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Silylium-Ion Regeneration by Protodesilylation Enables Friedel–Crafts Alkylation with Less Isomerization and No Defunctionalization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar N, Laye C, Robert F, Landais Y. Quinoline‐Based Silylium Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Lewis Acidity. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nivesh Kumar
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
| | - Claire Laye
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aichi M, Hafied M, Dibi A. THEORETICAL STUDY OF PENTAVALENT HALOSILICONATES:
STRUCTURE AND CHARGE DELOCALIZATION. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621060020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Klare HFT, Albers L, Süsse L, Keess S, Müller T, Oestreich M. Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5889-5985. [PMID: 33861564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of silyl cations has all the makings of a drama but with a happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in the condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization in solution and later in solid state did only fuel the discussion about their existence and initially created a lot of controversy. This perception has completely changed today, and silyl cations and their donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds with promising use in synthetic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental facts and principles of the chemistry of silyl cations, including reliable ways of their preparation as well as their physical and chemical properties. The striking features of silyl cations are their enormous electrophilicity and as such reactivity as super Lewis acids as well as fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on silyl cations as reactants, stoichiometric reagents, and promoters where the reaction success is based on their steady regeneration over the course of the reaction. Silyl cations can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening the next chapter of their way into the toolbox of synthetic methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Willcox DR, Nichol GS, Thomas SP. Borane-Catalyzed C(sp3)–F Bond Arylation and Esterification Enabled by Transborylation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R. Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fontana N, Espinosa‐Jalapa NA, Seidl M, Bauer JO. Easy Access to Enantiomerically Pure Heterocyclic Silicon-Chiral Phosphonium Cations and the Matched/Mismatched Case of Dihydrogen Release. Chemistry 2021; 27:2649-2653. [PMID: 33264430 PMCID: PMC7898527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonium ions are widely used in preparative organic synthesis and catalysis. The provision of new types of cations that contain both functional and chiral information is a major synthetic challenge and can open up new horizons in asymmetric cation-directed and Lewis acid catalysis. We discovered an efficient methodology towards new Si-chiral four-membered CPSSi* heterocyclic cations. Three synthetic approaches are presented. The stereochemical sequence of anchimerically assisted cation formation with B(C6 F5 )3 and subsequent hydride addition was fully elucidated and proceeds with excellent preservation of the chiral information at the stereogenic silicon atom. Also the mechanism of dihydrogen release from a protonated hydrosilane was studied in detail by the help of Si-centered chirality as stereochemical probe. Chemoselectivity switch (dihydrogen release vs. protodesilylation) can easily be achieved through slight modifications of the solvent. A matched/mismatched case was identified and the intermolecularity of this reaction supported by spectroscopic, kinetic, deuterium-labeling experiments, and quantum chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Fontana
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Noel Angel Espinosa‐Jalapa
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Jonathan O. Bauer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193053RegensburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Merk A, Bührmann L, Kordts N, Görtemaker K, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Intramolecular Halo Stabilization of Silyl Cations-Silylated Halonium- and Bis-Halo-Substituted Siliconium Borates. Chemistry 2021; 27:3496-3503. [PMID: 33184927 PMCID: PMC7898513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The stabilizing neighboring effect of halo substituents on silyl cations was tested for a series of peri‐halo substituted acenaphthyl‐based silyl cations 3. The chloro‐ (3 b), bromo‐ (3 c), and iodo‐ (3 d) stabilized cations were synthesized by the Corey protocol. Structural and NMR spectroscopic investigations for cations 3 b–d supported by the results of density functional calculations, which indicate their halonium ion nature. According to the fluorobenzonitrile (FBN) method, the silyl Lewis acidity decreases along the series of halonium ions 3, the fluoronium ion 3 a being a very strong and the iodonium ion 3 d a moderate Lewis acid. Halonium ions 3 b and 3 c react with starting silanes in a substituent redistribution reaction and form siliconium ions 4 b and 4 c. The structure of siliconium borate 4 c2[B12Br12] reveals the trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment of the silicon atom with the two bromo substituents in the apical positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Merk
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Lukas Bührmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Natalie Kordts
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Katharina Görtemaker
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Künzler S, Rathjen S, Rüger K, Würdemann MS, Wernke M, Tholen P, Girschik C, Schmidtmann M, Landais Y, Müller T. Chiral Chalcogenyl-Substituted Naphthyl- and Acenaphthyl-Silanes and Their Cations. Chemistry 2020; 26:16441-16449. [PMID: 32627900 PMCID: PMC7756486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic silylated chalconium borates 13[B(C6F5)4] and 14[B(C6F5)4] with peri‐acenaphthyl and peri‐naphthyl skeletons were synthesized from unsymmetrically substituted silanes 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10 using the standard Corey protocol (Chalcogen Ch=O, S, Se, Te). The configuration at the chalcogen atom is trigonal pyramidal for Ch=S, Se, Te, leading to the formation of cis‐ and trans‐isomers in the case of phenylmethylsilyl cations. With the bulkier tert‐butyl group at silicon, the configuration at the chalcogen atoms is predetermined to give almost exclusively the trans‐configurated cyclic silylchalconium ions. The barriers for the inversion of the configuration at the sulfur atoms of sulfonium ions 13 c and 14 a are substantial (72–74 kJ mol−1) as shown by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. The neighboring group effect of the thiophenyl substituent is sufficiently strong to preserve chiral information at the silicon atom at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Künzler
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Saskia Rathjen
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Katherina Rüger
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Marie S Würdemann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Marcel Wernke
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Patrik Tholen
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Corinna Girschik
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Yannick Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR-5255, 351 Cours de la libération, 33400, Talence, France, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dajnak A, Maerten E, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Kato T. Synthesis of Norbornene-Based Phosphine-Stabilized Silylium Ions Behaving as Masked Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Dajnak
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT FR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fernandes A, Laye C, Pramanik S, Palmeira D, Pekel ÖÖ, Massip S, Schmidtmann M, Müller T, Robert F, Landais Y. Chiral Memory in Silyl-Pyridinium and Quinolinium Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:564-572. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Laye
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Suman Pramanik
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Dayvson Palmeira
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Özgen Ömür Pekel
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Stéphane Massip
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IECB, UMS3033/INSERM US001, F-33607, Pessac, France
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26211 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26211 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Waked AE, Chitnis SS, Stephan DW. P(v) dications: carbon-based Lewis acid initiators for hydrodefluorination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8971-8974. [PMID: 31290494 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The P(iii) dication [(terpy)PPh]2+ is oxidized by reaction with o-chloranil or 9,10-phenanthrenequinone to give the P(v) dications [(terpy)(C6Cl4O2)PPh]2+ and [(terpy)(C14H8O2)PPh]2+, respectively. These species are coordinatively saturated at phosphorus and yet display the ability to effect Lewis acid initiation of hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkanes. Experimental and computational data support the notion that the P(v) dications are Lewis acidic at the para-carbon of the central ring of the terpy ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Waked
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wigman B, Popov S, Bagdasarian AL, Shao B, Benton TR, Williams CG, Fisher SP, Lavallo V, Houk KN, Nelson HM. Vinyl Carbocations Generated under Basic Conditions and Their Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9140-9144. [PMID: 31082208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the surprising discovery that high-energy vinyl carbocations can be generated under strongly basic conditions, and that they engage in intramolecular sp3 C-H insertion reactions through the catalysis of weakly coordinating anion salts. This approach relies on the unconventional combination of lithium hexamethyldisilazide base and the commercially available catalyst, triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate. These reagents form a catalytically active lithium species that enables the application of vinyl cation C-H insertion reactions to heteroatom-containing substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wigman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Stasik Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Alex L Bagdasarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Brian Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Tyler R Benton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Chloé G Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Steven P Fisher
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jaiswal AK, Prasad PK, Young RD. Nucleophilic Substitution of Aliphatic Fluorides via Pseudohalide Intermediates. Chemistry 2019; 25:6290-6294. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Jaiswal
- National University of SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry Singapore 117549 Singapore
| | - Pragati K. Prasad
- National University of SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry Singapore 117549 Singapore
| | - Rowan D. Young
- National University of SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry Singapore 117549 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Bayne JM, Stephan DW. C−F Bond Activation Mediated by Phosphorus Compounds. Chemistry 2019; 25:9350-9357. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Bayne
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Forster F, Metsänen TT, Irran E, Hrobárik P, Oestreich M. Cooperative Al–H Bond Activation in DIBAL-H: Catalytic Generation of an Alumenium-Ion-Like Lewis Acid for Hydrodefluorinative Friedel–Crafts Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16334-16342. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Forster
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni T. Metsänen
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Klare HFT. Catalytic C–H Arylation of Unactivated C–H Bonds by Silylium Ion-Promoted C(sp2)–F Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kordts N, Künzler S, Rathjen S, Sieling T, Großekappenberg H, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Silyl Chalconium Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Application in Hydrodefluorination Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:10068-10079. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kordts
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sandra Künzler
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Saskia Rathjen
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thorben Sieling
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Henning Großekappenberg
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jaiswal AK, Goh KKK, Sung S, Young RD. Aluminum-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Silylalkynes with Aliphatic C–F Bonds. Org Lett 2017; 19:1934-1937. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Kelvin K. K. Goh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Rowan D. Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Mai VH, Nikonov GI. Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroaromatics by Isopropyl Alcohol Catalyzed by a Ruthenium NHC Complex. An Unusual Role of the Carbene Ligand. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Hung Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, Niagara
Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, Niagara
Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ochiai T, Szilvási T, Inoue S. Facile Access to Stable Silylium Ions Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Imines. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091155. [PMID: 27589708 PMCID: PMC6273809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel silylium ions with N-heterocyclic imines were successfully synthesized. The reaction of trimethylsilyl imidazolin-2-imine Me3SiNIPr (NIPr = bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-imino) with B(C6F5)3 leads to dimeric imino-substituted silylium ions through a methyl group abstraction on the silicon atom. Meanwhile, the intermolecular imino-coordinated silylium ion is formed by using the less sterically crowded imine Me3SiNItBu (NItBu = bis(tert-butyl)-imidazolin-2-imino). Furthermore, the treatment of dimethylchlorosilane Me2(Cl)SiNIPr with AgOTf affords the contact ion pair Me2(OTf)SiNIPr by substitution of the chloride. A novel complex with the formula [Me2(DMAP)SiNIPr][OTf] was prepared by coordination with 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP). In the solid state, the DMAP adduct [Me2(DMAP)SiNIPr][OTf] contains a distinct [Me2(DMAP)SiNIPr]+ moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dryzhakov M, Moran J. Autocatalytic Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Tertiary Aliphatic Fluorides Initiated by B(C6F5)3·H2O. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Dryzhakov
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ducos P, Liautard V, Robert F, Landais Y. Chiral Memory in Silylium Ions. Chemistry 2015; 21:11573-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ducos
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - V. Liautard
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - F. Robert
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - Y. Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Champagne PA, Drouin M, Legault CY, Audubert C, Paquin JF. Revised mechanistic explanation for the alcohol-promoted amination of benzylic fluorides under highly concentrated conditions: Computational and experimental evidence on a model substrate. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Allemann O, Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. Intramolecular C–H insertion vs. Friedel–Crafts coupling induced by silyl cation-promoted C–F activation. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00170f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Silyl cation-promoted aryl C–F activation can lead to formal C–H activation and the formation of new C(ar)–C(alkyl) bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Allemann
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190
- 8057 Zürich
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
| | - Kim K. Baldridge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190
- 8057 Zürich
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190
- 8057 Zürich
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Swamy VSVSN, Pal S, Khan S, Sen SS. Cations and dications of heavier group 14 elements in low oxidation states. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12903-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an introduction to the synthesis, properties, and reactivity of the cations and dications of the heavier group 14 elements in their low oxidation state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. V. S. N. Swamy
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Shiv Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Education
- Research
- Pune 411008
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Education
- Research
- Pune 411008
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kordts N, Borner C, Panisch R, Saak W, Müller T. Hydrogen-Bridged Digermyl and Germylsilyl Cations. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500154n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kordts
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Corinna Borner
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Robin Panisch
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahmad SU, Szilvási T, Inoue S. A facile access to a novel NHC-stabilized silyliumylidene ion and C–H activation of phenylacetylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12619-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05181e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a facile access to a donor-stabilized monoarylsilyliumylidene ion and its unique reaction with a terminal alkyne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Usman Ahmad
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Reißmann
- Institut für
Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky
Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Institut für
Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky
Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Institut für
Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky
Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für
Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky
Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gerdes C, Saak W, Haase D, Müller T. Dibenzosilanorbornadienyl Cations and Their Fragmentation into Silyliumylidenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10353-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gerdes
- Institut
für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse
9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Institut
für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse
9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Detlev Haase
- Institut
für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse
9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut
für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse
9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Stahl
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schäfer A, Reißmann M, Jung S, Schäfer A, Saak W, Brendler E, Müller T. Synthesis of Silylium and Germylium Ions by a Substituent Exchange Reaction. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400366z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Schäfer
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl
von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic
of Germany
| | - Matti Reißmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl
von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic
of Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl
von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic
of Germany
| | - Annemarie Schäfer
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl
von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic
of Germany
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl
von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic
of Germany
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institut für
Analytische
Chemie, Technische Universität Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, D-09599 Freiberg, Federal Republic of
Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl
von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic
of Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Haufe G, Suzuki S, Yasui H, Terada C, Kitayama T, Shiro M, Shibata N. CF Bond Activation of Unactivated Aliphatic Fluorides: Synthesis of Fluoromethyl-3,5-diaryl-2-oxazolidinones by Desymmetrization of 2-Aryl-1,3-difluoropropan-2-ols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12275-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
40
|
Haufe G, Suzuki S, Yasui H, Terada C, Kitayama T, Shiro M, Shibata N. CF Bond Activation of Unactivated Aliphatic Fluorides: Synthesis of Fluoromethyl-3,5-diaryl-2-oxazolidinones by Desymmetrization of 2-Aryl-1,3-difluoropropan-2-ols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
41
|
Ibad MF, Langer P, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Catalytic Trimerization of Bis-silylated Diazomethane. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17757-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Langer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Axel Schulz
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kuehnel MF, Holstein P, Kliche M, Krüger J, Matthies S, Nitsch D, Schutt J, Sparenberg M, Lentz D. Titanium-Catalyzed Vinylic and Allylic CF Bond Activation-Scope, Limitations and Mechanistic Insight. Chemistry 2012; 18:10701-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
43
|
Schulz A, Villinger A. “Tamed” Silylium Ions: Versatile in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4526-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
44
|
Schulz A, Villinger A. “Gezähmte” Silyliumionen: vielseitig einsetzbar in der Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Ibad MF, Langer P, Schulz A, Villinger A. Silylium–Arene Adducts: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:21016-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Langer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schäfer A, Saak W, Haase D, Müller T. Persistent dialkyl(silyl)stannylium ions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14562-5. [PMID: 21838280 DOI: 10.1021/ja206338u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of dialkyl(silyl)stannylium borates 2[B(C(6)F(5))(4)] by reaction of a stable β-silyl-substituted stannylene 3 with silylarenium borates 4[B(C(6)F(5))(4)] is reported. The stannylium borates 2[B(C(6)F(5))(4)] are characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, supported by the results of quantum mechanical calculations. The accumulated experimental and theoretical data indicate that the stannylium ions 2 are not stabilized by β-silyl hyperconjugation and that intramolecular C-H/Sn(+) interactions are not important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Schäfer
- Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lühmann N, Hirao H, Shaik S, Müller T. Disilylfluoronium Ions—Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lühmann
- Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Department of Organic Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center For Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Department of Organic Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center For Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu J, Cao S. Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroarenes and Trifluorotoluenes with Superhydride (Lithium Triethylborohydride). ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
50
|
Allemann O, Duttwyler S, Romanato P, Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. Proton-catalyzed, silane-fueled Friedel-Crafts coupling of fluoroarenes. Science 2011; 332:574-7. [PMID: 21527709 DOI: 10.1126/science.1202432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The venerable Friedel-Crafts reaction appends alkyl or acyl groups to aromatic rings through alkyl or acyl cation equivalents typically generated by Lewis acids. We show that phenyl cation equivalents, generated from otherwise unreactive aryl fluorides, allow extension of the Friedel-Crafts reaction to intramolecular aryl couplings. The enabling feature of this reaction is the exchange of carbon-fluorine for silicon-fluorine bond enthalpies; the reaction is activated by an intermediate silyl cation. Catalytic quantities of protons or silyl cations paired with weakly coordinating carborane counterions initiate the reactions, after which proton transfer in the final aromatization step regenerates the active silyl cation species by protodesilylation of a quaternary silane. The methodology allows the high-yield formation of a range of tailored polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and graphene fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Allemann
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|