First carbonyl metallo immunoassay in the environmental area: application to the herbicide chlortoluron

Vibrational spectroscopy of metal carbonyls for bio-imaging and -sensing

Transition metal carbonyls exhibit strong CO absorptions in the 2200–1800 cm⁻¹ region, which is free of interference from other functional groups. This feature has led to their applications in bio-imaging and -sensing, in particular through mid-IR, Raman and more recently, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

A carbon dots-CdTe quantum dots fluorescence resonance energy transfer system for the analysis of ultra-trace chlortoluron in water

In this paper, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system between fluorescence carbon dots (CDs, donor) and CdTe quantum dots (CdTe, acceptor) was constructed, and a novel platform for sensitive and selective determination of chlortoluron was accordingly proposed. It was found that in Tris-HCl buffer solution at pH=8.7, energy transfer from CDs to CdTe occurred, which resulted in a great enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of CdTe. Upon the addition of chlortoluron, in terms of strong interaction between chlortoluron and CdTe QDs through the formation of chlortoluron-CdTe ground state complex, resulted in CdTe fluorescence quenching. Under optimal conditions, in range of 2.4×10(-10)molL(-1)-8.5×10(-8)molL(-1), the change of CdTe fluorescence intensity was in good linear relationship with the chlortoluron concentration, and the detection limit was 7.8×10(-11)molL(-1) (S/N=3). Most of common relevant substance, cations and anions did not interfere with the detection of chlortoluron. The proposed method was applied to determine chlortoluron in water samples with satisfactory results.

Site-specific conjugation of metal carbonyl dendrimer to antibody and its use as detection reagent in immunoassay

We describe here the conjugation of polyclonal goat anti-rabbit antibody to generation 4 polyamidoamine (G4-PAMAM) dendrimers carrying (i) (η(5)-cyclopentadienyl) iron dicarbonyl succinimidato complexes as infrared (IR) probes, (ii) nitroaniline entities as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes, (iii) acetamide groups for surface neutralization, and (iv) hydrazide-terminated spacer arms for the reaction with aldehyde. To preserve a high binding affinity, the conjugation was performed on the carbohydrate moieties located on the Fc fragment. The resulting conjugates were characterized by Fourier transform-IR, ultraviolet (UV), and high-mass matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. On the basis of relative concentration ratios of IR probes and antibody, an average labeling of 30 IR probes per antibody was reached (i.e., more than twice the value obtained with our previous strategy that generated no spacer arm). Immunoassays revealed that the antibody-dendrimer conjugates retained 55.1% of immunoreactivity on average with respect to underivatized antibody. Finally, the conjugates were used to quantify their antigen by solid-phase carbonyl metallo immunoassay (CMIA). Results showed a significant enhancement of the IR signal, demonstrating the efficiency of the new conjugation strategy and the potential of the new antibody-dendrimer conjugates as universal immunoanalytical reagents.

Electrochemical microbead-based immunoassay using an (eta5-cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese redox marker bound to bovine serum albumin

A first example of the solid-phase immunoassay of a high-weight antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA) using an (eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese (cymantrene) redox probe is presented. The electrochemical detection is based on the impedance measurements of a one-electron reversible reduction of the organometallic probe. The microbead-based immunoassay is discussed for two types of microbeads with different diameters (2.5 and 90 microm) and capabilities to bind the immunoglobulins (2.4 and 10 microg/mg of beads). The use of larger agarose microbeads allows the formation of an antigen-antibody complex at the surface of microbeads directly dispersed in the analyzed solution. No additional separation step is necessary for the electrochemical competitive immunoassay analysis of BSA. The presence of agarose beads in the analyzed solution has no effect on the electrochemical signal from labeled BSA released from the antigen-antibody complex.

Synthesis of metal-carbonyl-dendrimer-antibody immunoconjugates: towards a new format for carbonyl metallo immunoassay

We report the preparation of metal-carbonyl-dendrimer-antibody conjugates. These metal-carbonyl-multilabeled antibodies are designed to be used in a new solid-phase-format carbonyl metallo immunoassay (CMIA). A fourth-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer was labeled with 10-25 (eta5-cyclopentadienyl)iron dicarbonyl (eta1-N-succinimidyl) entities. An antibody was chemically modified at its carbohydrate chains by a site-directed process used to preserve the antigen-antibody binding site. The antibody was then coupled with the dendrimer labeled with 10 metal carbonyl groups. An average of 1.4 labeled dendrimers were grafted per antibody molecule. These metal-carbonyl-dendrimer-antibody conjugates were used as new universal detection reagents that recognize their specific antigens. The antigens were spotted onto nitrocellulose membranes and detected by using the conjugates in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A detection level in the range 5-200 pmol per membrane was achieved. This approach opens the way to a new CMIA format.