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Chung NT, Dung VC, Duc DX. Recent achievements in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32734-32771. [PMID: 37942457 PMCID: PMC10628531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds in which a benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of an imidazole ring. Benzimidazole refers to the parent compound, while benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds having similar ring structures, but different substituents. Benzimidazole derivatives possess a wide range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiviral, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. Many compounds possessing a benzimidazole skeleton have been employed as drugs in the market. The application of benzimidazoles in other fields has also been documented. The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has attracted much attention from chemists and numerous articles on the synthesis of this class of heterocyclic compound have been reported over the years. The condensation between 1,2-benzenediamine and aldehydes has received intensive interest, while many novel methods have been developed. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of studies on the synthesis of benzimidazole, which date back to 2013. We have also tried to describe reaction mechanisms as much as we can. The work might be useful for chemists who work in the synthesis of heterocycles or drug chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Vo Cong Dung
- Centre for Education Accreditation, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
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Zhang B, Li J, Zhu H, Xia XF, Wang D. Novel Recyclable Catalysts for Selective Synthesis of Substituted Perimidines and Aminopyrimidines. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Soni J, Sethiya A, Sahiba N, Joshi D, Agarwal S. Graphene Oxide as Metal-Free Catalyst in the Two-Component Reaction to Generate Some Novel Perimidines and Antimicrobial Evaluation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2019803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Soni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Ayushi Sethiya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Deepkumar Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Sheth M.N. Science College, Patan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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1-Methylimidazolium ionic liquid supported on Ni@zeolite-Y: fabrication and performance as a novel multi-functional nanocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles and 2-aryl benzimidazoles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kalhor M, Dadras A. Pd Doped on TCH@SBA-15 Nanocomposites: Fabrication and Application as a New Organometallic Catalyst in the Three-Component Synthesis of N-Benzo-imidazo- or -thiazole-1,3-thiazolidinones. Front Chem 2021; 9:723207. [PMID: 34676197 PMCID: PMC8524445 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.723207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Pd(II)/TCH@SBA-15 nanocomposites were synthesized by the grafting of 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane and thiocarbohydrazide on SBA-15 and subsequent deposition of palladium acetates through the ligand-metal coordination method. The structure and morphology of this nanoporous nanocomposite was thoroughly identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller instrumental analyses. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of this nanocomposite was investigated in the three-component synthesis of 3-benzimidazolyl or benzothiazoleyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones via a reaction of 2-aminobenzimidazole or 2-aminobenzothiazole, aromatic aldehydes, and thioglycolic acid in an acetone-H2O mixture under green conditions. The Pd/TCH@SBA-15 nanocatalyst is demonstrated to exhibit a high catalyzing activity in the three-component reaction of the synthesis of N-heterocyclic thiazolidinones with good to excellent yields. One of the advantages of the suggested method is the direct application of the thiocarbohydrazide ligand to stabilize Pd nanoparticles through formation of a stable ring complex without creating an additional Schiff base step. Moreover, this organometallic nanocatalyst can be recycled several times with no notable leaching or loss of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kalhor
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Pozharskii AF, Gulevskaya AV, Claramunt RM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Perimidines: a unique π-amphoteric heteroaromatic system. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Data on the physicochemical characteristics, theoretical calculations, reactivity and synthetic methods for perimidines are summarized. Although perimidine and some of its simple 2-substituted derivatives were obtained by Sachs back in 1909, their chemistry and key physical properties remained unknown until the early 1970s. Subsequent studies revealed many fundamental features of the perimidine system, previously not encountered in the heterocyclic series. The first comprehensive review on perimidines was published forty years ago. The period that has passed since 1980 led to the emergence of new directions and trends. Several hundred new publications have appeared, the generalization of which has become the main purpose of this article. This primarily concerns the obtaining of highly nucleophilic and stable perimidine carbenes, new methods of electrophilic substitution and oxidation, establishment of a close relationship between perimidines and proton sponges, and modern theoretical calculations. Based on perimidines, many different polycondensed systems have been obtained. Applied research has developed especially rapidly in recent years. Many new compounds based on perimidines related to chemosensors, analytical reagents, dyes, metal catalysts, electronic devices, nanotechnology, and medical chemistry have been proposed. Some information under review is presented as Supplementary Materials. It contains six tables, which include data on the basicity constants of perimidines, details of some synthetic methods for perimidines and fused analogs and also a list of biological activities of perimidines.
The bibliography includes 387 references.
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Sahiba N, Agarwal S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Perimidines and their Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:44. [PMID: 32776212 PMCID: PMC7415412 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Perimidines are versatile scaffolds and a fascinating class of N-heterocycles that have evolved significantly in recent years due to their immense applications in life sciences, medical sciences, and industrial chemistry. Their ability of molecular interaction with different proteins, complex formation with metals, and distinct behavior in various ranges of light makes them more appealing and challenging for future scientists. Various novel technologies have been developed for the selective synthesis of perimidines and their conjugated derivatives. These methods extend to the preparation of different bioactive and industrially applicable molecules. This review aims to present the most recent advancements in perimidine synthesis under varied conditions like MW radiation, ultrasound, and grinding using different catalysts such as ionic liquids, acid, metal, and nanocatalyst and also under green environments like catalyst and solvent-free synthesis. The applications of perimidine derivatives in drug discovery, polymer chemistry, photo sensors, dye industries, and catalytic activity in organic synthesis are discussed in this survey. This article is expected to be a systematic, authoritative, and critical review on the chemistry of perimidines that compiles most of the state-of-art innovation in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
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Kalhor M, Sajjadi SM, Dadras A. Cu/TCH-pr@SBA-15 nano-composite: a new organometallic catalyst for facile three-component synthesis of 4-arylidene-isoxazolidinones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27439-27446. [PMID: 35516921 PMCID: PMC9055591 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01314e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A copper complex supported on SBA-15 nanoparticles (Cu/TCH-pr@SBA-15) was synthesized by the post-synthesis modification of nano-mesoporous silica with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) and thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) and subsequent metal-ligand coordination with Cu(ii). These nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, atomic absorption spectroscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption (BET) studies. Then, a solvent-free method was developed for the three-component synthesis of 4-arylidene-isoxazolidinones via condensation of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ethyl acetoacetate and various aromatic aldehydes using Cu/TCH-pr@SBA-15 as a highly efficient nanocatalyst. This new economic and eco-friendly methodology has remarkable advantages such as excellent yields, a shorter reaction time, an easy purification procedure, simplicity, green conditions, solvent-free conditions, and recoverability of the nanocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kalhor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Payame Noor University Tehran 19395-4697 Iran +98 2537179170 +98 2537179170
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Payame Noor University Tehran 19395-4697 Iran +98 2537179170 +98 2537179170
| | - Akbar Dadras
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Payame Noor University Tehran 19395-4697 Iran +98 2537179170 +98 2537179170
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Fe3O4@zeolite-SO3H as a magnetically bifunctional and retrievable nanocatalyst for green synthesis of perimidines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Najari S, Jafarzadeh M, Bahrami K. Copper(II) Oxide Nanoparticles Impregnated on Melamine‐Modified UiO‐66‐NH
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Metal–Organic Framework for C–N Cross‐Coupling Reaction and Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Najari
- Faculty of ChemistryRazi University Kermanshah 67149‐67346 Iran
| | | | - Kiumars Bahrami
- Faculty of ChemistryRazi University Kermanshah 67149‐67346 Iran
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Kalhor M, Zarnegar Z. Fe3O4/SO3H@zeolite-Y as a novel multi-functional and magnetic nanocatalyst for clean and soft synthesis of imidazole and perimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19333-19346. [PMID: 35519374 PMCID: PMC9064959 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, SO3H@zeolite-Y was synthesized by the reaction of chlorosulfonic acid with zeolite-NaY under solvent-free conditions, which was then supported by Fe3O4 nanoparticles to give SO3H@zeolite-Y (Fe3O4/SO3H@zeolite-Y) magnetic nanoparticles. Several techniques were used to evaluate the physical and chemical characterizations of the zeolitic nanostructures. Fe3O4-loaded sulfonated zeolite was applied as a novel multi-functional zeolite catalyst for the synthesis of imidazole and perimidine derivatives. This efficient methodology has some advantages such as good to excellent yield, high purity of products, reusability of nanocatalyst, simple reaction conditions, environmental friendliness and an economical chemical procedure from the viewpoint of green chemistry. Fe3O4/SO3H@zeolite-Y was applied as a novel, effective and environmentally friendly magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of imidazole and perimidine scaffolds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kalhor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Payame Noor
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Zohre Zarnegar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Payame Noor
- Tehran
- Iran
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