Synthesis and characterization of 7-(CH3)3N-4- {2,4-(NO2)2C6H3S}-nido-7-CB10H11 and its Biodistribution in C57B16 Mice Bearing B16 Melanoma

In Vivo Application of Carboranes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT): Structure, Formulation and Analytical Methods for Detection

Carboranes have emerged as one of the most promising boron agents in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this context, in vivo studies are particularly relevant, since they provide qualitative and quantitative information about the biodistribution of these molecules, which is of the utmost importance to determine the efficacy of BNCT, defining their localization and (bio)accumulation, as well as their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. First, we gathered a detailed list of the carboranes used for in vivo studies, considering the synthesis of carborane derivatives or the use of delivery system such as liposomes, micelles and nanoparticles. Then, the formulation employed and the cancer model used in each of these studies were identified. Finally, we examined the analytical aspects concerning carborane detection, identifying the main methodologies applied in the literature for ex vivo and in vivo analysis. The present work aims to identify the current strengths and weakness of the use of carboranes in BNCT, establishing the bottlenecks and the best strategies for future applications.

Azanonaboranes [(RNH(2))B(8)H(11)NHR] as possible new compounds for use in boron neutron capture therapy

The synthesis and biological in vitro and in vivo activities of possible new compounds for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) are reported. The azanonaboranes of the type [(RNH(2))B(8)H(11)NHR] are water-soluble when hydrophilic groups are introduced. The reaction of B(9)H(13)SMe(2) with primary amines yields azanonaboranes. Five compounds with different numbers of hydroxypropyl groups have been isolated: [(HO(CH(2))(3)NH(2))B(8)H(11)NHCH(3)] (4), [(HO(CH(2))(3)NH(2))B(8)H(11)NH(CH(2))(3)OH] (2), [((HO(CH(2))(3))(2)NH)B(8)H(11)NHCH(3)] (6), [((HO(CH(2))(3))(2)NH)B(8)H(11)NH(CH(2))(3)OCH(3)] (11) and [((HO(CH(2))(3))(2)NH)B(8)H(11)NH(CH(2))(3)OH] (8). In vitro experiments as judged by cloning survival tests showed that two of the synthesised compounds are not toxic. The in vivo experiments were carried out with C3H/He mice bearing SCCVII tumours and C57 mice bearing B16 tumours. Compounds 2 and 6 have no particular affinity to any tissue, but are excluded from the brain.