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Al-Hawarin JI, Abu-Yamin AA, Abu-Saleh AAAA, Saraireh IAM, Almatarneh MH, Hasan M, Atrooz OM, Al-Douri Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT Calculations of a New Sulfamethoxazole Schiff Base and Its Metal Complexes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5160. [PMID: 37512433 PMCID: PMC10385116 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A new Schiff base, 4-((1E,2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)allylidene)amino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) benzene-sulfonamide (L), was synthesized by thermal condensation of 3-(2-furyl)acrolein and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and the furan Schiff base (L) was converted to a phenol Schiff base (L') according to the Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction and studied experimentally. The structural and spectroscopic properties of the Schiff base were also corroborated by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, a series of lanthanide and transition metal complexes of the Schiff base were synthesized from the nitrate salts of Gd, Sm, Nd, and Zn (L1, L2, L3, and L4), respectively. Various spectroscopic studies confirmed the chemical structures of the Schiff-base ligand and its complexes. Based on the spectral studies, a nine-coordinated geometry was assigned to the lanthanide complexes and a six-coordinated geometry to the zinc complex. The elemental analysis data confirmed the suggested structure of the metal complexes, and the TGA studies confirmed the presence of one coordinated water molecule in the lanthanide complexes and one crystalline water molecule in the zinc complex; in addition, the conductivity showed the neutral nature of the complexes. Therefore, it is suggested that the ligand acts as a bidentate through coordinates to each metal atom by the isoxazole nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the sulfur dioxide moiety of the SMX based on FTIR studies. The ligand and its complexes were tested for their anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and antioxidant activities by various colorimetric methods. These complexes were found to exhibit potential effects of the selected biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibril I Al-Hawarin
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Mansour H Almatarneh
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mahmood Hasan
- Hepi Company (Home of Experience) for Paints and Inks, Cairo 61710, Egypt
| | - Omar M Atrooz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Mutah 617102, Jordan
| | - Y Al-Douri
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Piri Reis University, Eflatun Sk. No: 8, Istanbul 34940, Tuzla, Turkey
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Paliwal K, Haldar P, Antharjanam PKS, Kumar M. Synthesis, Characterization, DNA/HSA Interaction, and Cytotoxic Activity of a Copper(II) Thiolate Schiff Base Complex and Its Corresponding Water-Soluble Stable Sulfinato-O Complex Containing Imidazole as a Co-ligand. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21948-21968. [PMID: 37360467 PMCID: PMC10286277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(II) thiolato complex [CuL(imz)] (1) (H2L = o-HOC6H4C(H)=NC6H4SH-o) and the corresponding water-soluble stable sulfinato-O complex [CuL'(imz)] (2) (H2L' = o-HOC6H4C(H)=NC6H4S(=O)OH) were synthesized and characterized using physicochemical techniques. Compound 2 is found to be a dimer in the solid state as characterized using single-crystal X-ray crystallography. XPS studies clearly showed the differences in the sulfur oxidation states in 1 and 2. Both compounds are found to be monomers in solution as revealed from their four-line X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectra in CH3CN at room temperature (RT). 1-2 were tested to assess their ability to exhibit DNA binding and cleavage activity. Spectroscopic studies and viscosity experiments suggest that 1-2 bind to CT-DNA through the intercalation mode having moderate binding affinity (Kb ∼ 104 M-1). This is further supported by molecular docking studies of complex 2 with CT-DNA. Both complexes display significant oxidative cleavage of pUC19 DNA. Complex 2 also showed hydrolytic DNA cleavage. The interaction of 1-2 with HSA revealed that they have strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA by a static quenching mechanism (kq ∼ 1013 M-1 s-1). This is further complemented by Förster resonance energy transfer studies that revealed binding distances of r = 2.85 and 2.75 nm for 1 and 2, respectively, indicating high potential for energy transfer from HSA to complex. 1-2 were capable of inducing conformational changes of HSA at secondary and tertiary levels as observed from synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies with 2 indicate that it forms strong hydrogen bonds with Gln221 and Arg222 located near the entrance of site-I of HSA. 1-2 showed potential toxicity in human cervical cancer HeLa cells, lung cancer A549 cells, and cisplatin-resistant breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and appeared to be most potent against HeLa cells (IC50 = 2.04 μM for 1 and 1.86 μM for 2). In HeLa cells, 1-2 mediated cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases, which progressed into apoptosis. Apoptotic features seen from Hoechst and AO/PI staining, damaged cytoskeleton actin viewed from phalloidin staining, and increased caspase-3 activity upon treatment with 1-2 collectively suggested that they induced apoptosis in HeLa cells via caspase activation. This is further supported by western blot analysis of the protein sample extracted from HeLa cells treated with 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudini Paliwal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403726, Goa, India
| | - Paramita Haldar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403726, Goa, India
| | | | - Manjuri Kumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403726, Goa, India
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Phenotypic Discovery of Thiocarbohydrazone with Anticancer Properties and Catalytic Inhibition of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030341. [PMID: 36986441 PMCID: PMC10054454 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic screening of α-substituted thiocarbohydrazones revealed promising activity of 1,5-bis(salicylidene)thiocarbohydrazide against leukemia and breast cancer cells. Supplementary cell-based studies indicated an impairment of DNA replication via the ROS-independent pathway. The structural similarity of α-substituted thiocarbohydrazone to previously published thiosemicarbazone catalytic inhibitors targeting the ATP-binding site of human DNA topoisomerase IIα prompted us to investigate the inhibition activity on this target. Thiocarbohydrazone acted as a catalytic inhibitor and did not intercalate the DNA molecule, which validated their engagement with this cancer target. A comprehensive computational assessment of molecular recognition for a selected thiosemicarbazone and thiocarbohydrazone provided useful information for further optimization of this discovered lead compound for chemotherapeutic anticancer drug discovery.
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4
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Schiff Bases and Their Metal Complexes: A review on the history, synthesis, and applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Synthesis, Structure, Spectral-Luminescent Properties, and Biological Activity of Chlorine-Substituted N-[2-(Phenyliminomethyl)phenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfamide and Their Zinc(II) Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315259. [PMID: 36499583 PMCID: PMC9741117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New azomethine compounds of 2-(N-tosylamino)benzaldehyde or 5-chloro-2-(N-tosylamino)benzaldehyde and the corresponding chlorine-substituted anilines, zinc(II) complexes based on them have been synthesized. The structures of azomethines and their complexes were determined by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It is found that all ZnL2 complexes have a tetrahedral structure according to XAFS and X-ray diffraction data. The photoluminescent properties of azomethines and zinc complexes in methylene chloride solution and in solid form have been studied. It is shown that the photoluminescence quantum yields of solid samples of the complexes are an order of magnitude higher compared to the solutions and range from 11.34% to 48.3%. The thermal properties of Zn(II) complexes were determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry. The TGA curves of all the compounds suggest their high thermal stability up to temperatures higher than 290 °C. The electrochemical properties of all complexes were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry method. The multilayered devices ITO/PEDOT:PSS/NPD/Zn complex/ TPBI/LiF/Al with wide electroluminescence (EL) color range spanning the range from bluish-green (494 nm) to green (533 nm) and the high values of brightness, current and power efficiency were fabricated. The biological activity of azomethines and zinc complexes has been studied. In the case of complexes, the protistocidal activity of the zinc complex with azomethine of 5-chloro-2-(N-tosylamino)benzaldehyde with 4-chloroaniline was two times higher than the activity of the reference drug toltrazuril.
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Milutka MS, Burlov AS, Vlasenko VG, Koshchienko YV, Korshunova EV, Uraev AI, Trigub AL, Zubenko AA, Klimenko AI, Gusev AN. Zinc(II) Complexes with Azomethines of 2,4,6-Trimethylaniline and Halogen-Substituted Salicylaldehyde. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paliwal K, Haldar P, Antharjanam PKS, Kumar M. Mixed Ligand Mononuclear Copper(II) Complex as a Promising Anticancer Agent: Interaction Studies with DNA/HSA, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21961-21977. [PMID: 35785271 PMCID: PMC9245097 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The isolated copper(II) complex [CuL(o-phen)]·H2O (1) [H2L = o-HO-C6H4C(H)=N-C6H4-SH-o, o-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline] was structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray crystallography. 1 in CH3CN at liquid nitrogen temperature displayed a characteristic monomeric X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum having a tetragonal character with g ∥ = 2.1479 and g ⊥ = 2.0691 and A ∥ ≈ 18.0 mT and A ⊥ ≤ 3.9 mT, respectively. 1 showed a strong binding affinity toward calf thymus DNA as reflected from its intrinsic binding constant (K b = 7.88 × 105 M-1), and its competitive displacement of ethidium bromide suggested an intercalative DNA-binding mode (K app = 1.32 × 106 M-1). This was confirmed from the viscosity study that showed an increase in the viscosity of DNA with an increasing concentration of 1. Complex 1 is highly efficient in promoting oxidative and hydrolytic DNA cleavage (k obs = 1.987 h-1). 1 showed a strong binding affinity with the carrier protein human serum albumin (HSA) (K a = 5.22 × 105 M-1). A high bimolecular quenching constant k q = 2.29 × 1013 M-1s-1 indicated a static quenching mechanism involved in the fluorescence quenching of HSA by 1. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer theory suggested that the distance (r = 3.52 nm) between 1 and HSA is very close. Molecular docking studies suggested that 1 primarily binds to HSA in subdomain IIA. A protein-ligand interaction profiler was used to visualize hydrophobic, hydrogen bonds, and π-cation interactions between HSA and 1. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells showed a significant in vitro anticancer activity of 1 (IC50 2.63 and 2.68 μM, respectively). Nuclear staining assays suggested apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells treated with 1. The effect of 1 on the cytoskeletal actin filaments visualized using phalloidin staining showed extensive destruction of actin filaments. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that 1 inhibits the growth of HeLa cells through cell cycle arrest in the S phase. Western blot analysis showed upregulation in the expression of apoptotic marker proteins caspase 3, p53, and Bax. These results collectively indicate that 1 induces apoptosis by promoting DNA damage and has a high potential to act as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudini Paliwal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Paramita Haldar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | | | - Manjuri Kumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
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Parsekar S, Paliwal K, Haldar P, Antharjanam PKS, Kumar M. Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, DNA and HSA Interactions, and Anticancer Activity of a Mononuclear Cu(II) Complex with a Schiff Base Ligand Containing a Thiadiazoline Moiety. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2881-2896. [PMID: 35097283 PMCID: PMC8792924 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A mononuclear Cu(II) complex [Cu(HL)(o-phen)]·H2O (1) [H3L =, o-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline] was isolated from methanol, and its X-ray single-crystal structure was determined. Frozen glass X-band EPR of 1 in dimethylformamide (DMF) at LNT showed a spectrum that is characteristic of a monomeric tetragonal character with g ∥ = 2.164, g ⊥ = 2.087, A ∥ = 19.08 mT, and A ⊥ ≤ 4 mT. Electronic spectroscopic studies using calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) showed strong binding affinity of 1 as reflected from its intrinsic binding constant (K b) value of 2.85 × 105 M-1. Competitive behavior of 1 with ethidium bromide (EB) displayed intercalative binding of DNA (K app = 1.3 × 106 M-1). The compound displayed significant oxidative cleavage of pUC19 DNA. The interaction between HSA and complex 1 was examined by employing fluorescence and electronic absorption spectroscopic experiments. The secondary and tertiary structures of HSA were found to be altered as suggested by three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence experiments. The affinity of 1 to bind to HSA was found to be strong as indicated from its value of the binding constant (K a = 2.89 × 105 M-1). Intrinsic fluorescence of the protein was found to be reduced through a mechanism of static quenching as suggested from the k q (2.01 × 1013 M-1 s-1) value, the bimolecular quenching constant. The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process may also be accounted for such a high k q value. The r value (2.85 nm) calculated from FRET theory suggested that the distance between complex 1 (acceptor) and HSA (donor) is quite close. Complex 1 primarily bound to HSA in subdomain IIA as suggested by molecular docking studies. IC50 values (0.80 and 0.43 μM, respectively) obtained from the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with HeLa and MCF7 cells suggested remarkable in vitro anticancer activity of 1. Nuclear dual staining assays revealed that cell death occurred via apoptosis in HeLa cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation caused apoptosis induction. On treatment with a 5 μM dose of 1 in HeLa cells, the cell population significantly increased in the G2/M phase, while it was decreased in G0/G1 and S phases as compared to the control, clearly indicating G2/M phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhali
U. Parsekar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403726, Goa, India
| | - Kumudini Paliwal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403726, Goa, India
| | - Paramita Haldar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403726, Goa, India
| | | | - Manjuri Kumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403726, Goa, India
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9
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Kapoor A, Rajput JK. Staudinger k
etene–imine
[2+2] cycloaddition of novel azomethines to synthesize biologically active azetidinone derivatives and their in vitro antimicrobial studies. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry Dr. B.R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Rajput
- Department of Chemistry Dr. B.R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar India
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Milutka MS, Burlov AS, Vlasenko VG, Koshchienko YV, Makarova NI, Metelitsa AV, Korshunova EV, Trigub AL, Zubenko AA, Klimenko AI. Synthesis, Structure, Spectral-Luminescent Properties, and Biological Activity of Chlorine-Substituted Azomethines and Their Zinc(II) Complexes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221090140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Benaaisha MR, Abdelghani AA, Bissessur R, Abdel-Rahman LH, Fayez AM, El-ezz DA. Aspirin-Based Organoiron Dendrimers as Promising Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Drugs. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111568. [PMID: 34827566 PMCID: PMC8615929 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing nanocarriers with actions directed at a specific organ or tissue is a very promising strategy since it can significantly reduce the toxicity of a bioactive drug. In this study, an organometallic dendrimer was used to synthesize a biocompatible drug delivery system by attaching aspirin to the periphery of the dendrimer. Our goal is to enhance the bioavailability and anticancer activity of aspirin and reduce its toxicity through successive generations of organoiron dendrimers. The biological activity of aspirin-based dendrimer complexes was evaluated. The result of antimicrobial activity of the synthesized dendrimers also demonstrated an increase in their antimicrobial activity with increased generation of the dendrimers for most types of microorganisms. This study reveals for the first time that organoiron dendrimers linked with aspirin exhibit an excellent Gram-negative activity comparable to the reference drug Gentamicin. All synthesized dendrimers were tested for their anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), hepatocellular cell lines (Hep-G2), and a non-cancer cell line, Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293), using the MTT cell viability assay and compared against a standard anticancer drug, Doxorubicin. Compounds G3-D9-Asp and G4-D12-Asp exhibited noticeable activity against both cell lines, both of which were more effective than aspirin itself. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and histopathology of swollen paws showed that the designed aspirin-based dendrimers displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity; however, G2-D6-Asp showed the best anti-inflammatory activity, which was more potent than the reference drug aspirin during the same period. Moreover, the coupling of aspirin to the periphery of organoiron dendrimers showed a significant reduction in the toxicity of aspirin on the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maysun R. Benaaisha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Amani A. Abdelghani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Rabin Bissessur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | | | - Ahmed M. Fayez
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Doaa Abou El-ezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Giza 8655, Egypt;
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