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Liu Q, Pan W, Zhang J, Yang M, Chen Q, Liu F, Li J, Wei S, Zhu G. Porphyrin-based porous organic polymers synthesized using the Alder-Longo method: the most traditional synthetic strategy with exceptional capacity. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20837-20855. [PMID: 38952933 PMCID: PMC11216041 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin is a typical tetrapyrrole chromophore-based pigment with a special electronic structure and functionalities, which is frequently introduced into various porous organic polymers (POPs). Porphyrin-based POPs are widely used in various fields ranging from environmental and energy to biomedicine-related fields. Currently, most porphyrin-based POPs are prepared via the copolymerization of specific-group-functionalized porphyrins with other building blocks, in which the tedious and inefficient synthesis procedure for the porphyrin greatly hinders the development of such materials. This review aimed to summarize information on porphyrin-based POPs synthesized using the Alder-Longo method, thereby skipping the complex synthesis of porphyrin-bearing monomers, in which the porphyrin macrocycles are formed directly via the cyclic tetramerization of pyrrole with monomers containing multiple aldehyde groups during the polymerization process. The representative applications of porphyrin-based POPs derived using the Alder-Longo method are finally introduced, which pinpoints a clear relationship between the structure and function from the aspect of the building blocks used and porous structures. This review is therefore valuable for the rational design of efficient porphyrin-based porous organic polymer systems that may be utilized in various fields from energy-related conversion/storage technologies to biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Second Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Wen Pan
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Junshan Zhang
- Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University Weifang 261041 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University Weifang 261041 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Songrui Wei
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Guoji Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
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Xiao L, Lai Y, Zhao R, Song Q, Cai J, Yin X, Zhao Y, Hou L. Ionic Conjugated Polymers as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides to Form Carbonates under Solvent- and Cocatalyst-Free Conditions. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200324. [PMID: 36420867 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The generation of cyclic carbonates by the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides is attractive in the industry, by which CO2 is efficiently used as C1 source. Herein, a series of catalysts were developed to efficient mediate the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to generate carbonates. The catalysts were easily synthesized via the amine-formaldehyde condensation of ethidium bromide with a variety of linkers. The newly prepared heterogeneous catalysts have high thermal stability and degradation temperatures. The surface of the catalysts is smooth and spherical in shape. The effect of temperature, pressure, reaction time and catalyst dosage on the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxide were investigated. The results show that the catalyst with 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene as the linker can achieve 97.4 % conversion efficiency at the conditions of 100 °C, reaction time of 12 h, and the reaction pressure of 1.2 MPa in a solvent-free environment. Notably, the polymers serve as homogeneous catalysts during the reaction (reaction temperature above Tg ) and can be separated and recovered easily as homogeneous catalysts at room temperature. In addition, the catalyst is not only suitable for a wide range of epoxide substrates, but also can be recycled many times. Furthermore, DFT calculations show that the coordination between the electrophilic center of the catalyst and the epoxide reduces the energy barrier, and the reaction mechanism is proposed based on the reaction kinetic studies and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801(P. R., China
| | - Yiming Lai
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801(P. R., China
| | - Qianyu Song
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Cai
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801(P. R., China
| | - Xiangyu Yin
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801(P. R., China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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Liu S, Hou X, Xu A, Chu B, Li Y, Jin L, Lu J, Dong L, Fan M. Restrictive Regulation of Ionic Liquid Quaternary Ammonium Salt in SBA‐15 Pore Channel for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202105. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
| | - Xueyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Aihao Xu
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
| | - Bingxian Chu
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
| | - Yunxi Li
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
| | - Jinkai Lu
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
| | - Lihui Dong
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P.R. China
| | - Minguang Fan
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 PR China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P.R. China
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Su Z, Ma L, Wei J, Bai X, Wang N, Li J. A Zinc Porphyrin Polymer as Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Conversion of CO
2
to Cyclic Carbonates. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Su
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Linjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Jiaojiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaolong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
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