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Catarino MD, Pires SMG, Silva S, Costa F, Braga SS, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Overview of Phlorotannins' Constituents in Fucales. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:754. [PMID: 36547901 PMCID: PMC9786115 DOI: 10.3390/md20120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucales are an order within the Phaeophyceae that include most of the common littoral seaweeds in temperate and subtropical coastal regions. Many species of this order have long been a part of human culture with applications as food, feedand remedies in folk medicine. Apart from their high nutritional value, these seaweeds are also a well-known reservoir of multiple bioactive compounds with great industrial interest. Among them, phlorotannins, a unique and diverse class of brown algae-exclusive phenolics, have gathered much attention during the last few years due to their numerous potential health benefits. However, due to their complex structural features, combined with the scarcity of standards, it poses a great challenge to the identification and characterization of these compounds, at least with the technology currently available. Nevertheless, much effort has been taken towards the elucidation of the structural features of phlorotannins, which have resulted in relevant insights into the chemistry of these compounds. In this context, this review addresses the major contributions and technological advances in the field of phlorotannins extraction and characterization, with a particular focus on Fucales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia M G Pires
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Costa
- School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana S Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Hermund DB, Torsteinsen H, Vega J, Figueroa FL, Jacobsen C. Screening for New Cosmeceuticals from Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus with Antioxidant and Photo-Protecting Properties. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:687. [PMID: 36355010 PMCID: PMC9697279 DOI: 10.3390/md20110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins play a role in biological functions to protect the cells against UV and oxidative damage in brown algae. We hypothesized that these compounds can function as photo-protectors and antioxidants in skin care formulations. Two types of extracts (water (FV-WE) and 67% v/v ethanol (FV-EE)) from Fucus vesiculosus were obtained with a phlorotannin content between 7-14% in dry extract. Exposure to sun light during growth was included as a factor on the phlorotannin content but did not influence the phlorotannin content. However, green colored F. vesiculosus had lower total phenolic content (TPC) (FV-WE = 6.9 g GAE 100 g-1 dw, FV-EE = 7.8 g GAE 100 g-1 dw) compared to those with a yellow/brownish color (FV-WE = 10.4-13.7 g GAE 100 g-1 dw, FV-EE = 11.2-14.0 g GAE 100 g-1 dw). UVA and UVB photo protective capabilities of the extracts through different biological effective protection factors (BEPFs) were evaluated using in vitro methods; the Mansur method for sun protection factor (SPF) and calculation of effective solar absorption radiation (%ESAR) to determine SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) of the extract and in seaweed enriched lotion. The SPF was negligible, when evaluating FV-WE in lotion (10 and 20% w/w). Moreover, %ESAR of the FV-WE showed SPF and some UVA-PF, but not enough to give sufficient SPF in lotions (10% w/w). It was concluded that the concentration of UV protecting compounds in the extracts was too low to and that further fractionation and purification of phlorotannins is needed to increase the SPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte B. Hermund
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanna Torsteinsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julia Vega
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Getachew AT, Holdt SL, Meyer AS, Jacobsen C. Effect of Extraction Temperature on Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Fucus vesiculosus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:263. [PMID: 35447936 PMCID: PMC9028048 DOI: 10.3390/md20040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the effect of low polarity water (LPW) on the extraction of bioactive compounds from Fucus vesiculosus and to examine the influence of temperature on the extraction yield, total phenolic content, crude alginate, fucoidan content, and antioxidant activity. The extractions were performed at the temperature range of 120-200 °C with 10 °C increments, and the extraction yield increased linearly with the increasing extraction temperature, with the highest yields at 170-200 °C and with the maximum extraction yield (25.99 ± 2.22%) at 190 °C. The total phenolic content also increased with increasing temperature. The extracts showed a high antioxidant activity, measured with DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals scavenging and metal-chelating activities of 0.14 mg/mL and 1.39 mg/mL, respectively. The highest yield of alginate and crude fucoidan were found at 140 °C and 160 °C, respectively. The alginate and crude fucoidan contents of the extract were 2.13% and 22.3%, respectively. This study showed that the extraction of bioactive compounds from seaweed could be selectively maximized by controlling the polarity of an environmentally friendly solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Tilahun Getachew
- Research Group for Bioactives-Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.T.G.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Susan Løvstad Holdt
- Research Group for Bioactives-Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.T.G.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Anne Strunge Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Research Group for Bioactives-Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.T.G.); (S.L.H.)
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Meng W, Mu T, Sun H, Garcia-Vaquero M. Phlorotannins: A review of extraction methods, structural characteristics, bioactivities, bioavailability, and future trends. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jerković I, Cikoš AM, Babić S, Čižmek L, Bojanić K, Aladić K, Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS, Lebedev AT, Čož-Rakovac R, Trebše P, Jokić S. Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Constituents from Endemic Brown Macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh from the Adriatic Sea and Targeted Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo (Zebrafish Model). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:235. [PMID: 33922234 PMCID: PMC8145248 DOI: 10.3390/md19050235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endemic brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh from the Adriatic Sea was in the focus of the present research. The volatiles of fresh (FrFv) and air-dried (DrFv) samples of F. virsoides obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS). The major HS-FrFv compound was pentadecane (61.90-71.55%) followed by pentadec-1-ene (11.00-7.98%). In HS-DrFv, pentadec-1-ene was not present, and few lower aliphatic compounds appeared, as well as benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. In HD-FrFv, particularly abundant were alkenes (such as pentadec-1-ene (19.32%), or (E)-pentadec-7-ene (8.35%)). In HD-DrFv, more oxidation products were present (e.g., carbonyl compounds such as tridecanal (18.51%)). The fatty acids profile of freeze-dried sample (FdFv) after conversion to methyl esters was determined by GC-FID, and oleic acid was dominant (42.28%), followed by arachidonic acid (15.00%). High-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI-HRMS) was used for the screening of less polar fractions (F3 and F4) of F. virsoides. Mono- and diglycerides of stearic, palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic acids were found. Terpenoids and steroids comprised the compounds C20H30(32)O2 and C29H48O(2). Among carotenoids, fucoxanthin was identified. Chlorophyll derivatives were also found (C55H74(72)N4O(5-7)), dominated by pheophytin a. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was investigated by in vitro assays (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reduction of radical cation (ABTS•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and by in vivo zebrafish model (along with fish embryotoxicity). In vitro experiments proved good radical scavenging abilities of F3 and F4 fractions, which were additionally supported by the protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Cikoš
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Lara Čižmek
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Krunoslav Bojanić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Krunoslav Aladić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Nikolay V. Ul’yanovskii
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Albert T. Lebedev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Stela Jokić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (K.A.)
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Generalić Mekinić I, Skroza D, Šimat V, Hamed I, Čagalj M, Popović Perković Z. Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E244. [PMID: 31234538 PMCID: PMC6628088 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, isolations and chemical characterizations of secondary metabolites with proved biological activities have been of interest for numerous research groups across the world. Phenolics, as one of the largest and most widely distributed group of phytochemicals, have gained special attention due to their pharmacological activity and array of health-promoting benefits. Reports on phenolic potentials of marine algae, especially brown algae (Pheophyceae) that are characterized by the presence of phlorotannins, are still scarce. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge about phenolic potential of different brown algae species (74 species from 7 different orders). Studies on brown algae phenolics usually involve few species, thus the focus of this review is to provide information about the phenolic potential of reported algae species and to get an insight into some issues related to the applied extraction procedures and determination/quantification methods to facilitate the comparison of results from different studies. The information provided through this review should be useful for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the brown algae as a source of valuable phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Imen Hamed
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Akoh CC. Conducting Research at the Interface of Food Science and Nutrition. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2692-2696. [PMID: 30412306 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casimir C Akoh
- Distinguished Research Professor, Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2610, https://site.caes.uga.edu/lbcap/
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