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Bushra R, Ahmad M, Seidi F, Qurtulen, Song J, Jin Y, Xiao H. Polysaccharide-based nanoassemblies: From synthesis methodologies and industrial applications to future prospects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102953. [PMID: 37399637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, due to their remarkable features, have gained significant prominence in the sustainable production of nanoparticles (NPs). High market demand and minimal production cost, compared to the chemically synthesised NPs, demonstrate a drive towards polysaccharide-based nanoparticles (PSNPs) benign to environment. Various approaches are used for the synthesis of PSNPs including cross-linking, polyelectrolyte complexation, and self-assembly. PSNPs have the potential to replace a wide diversity of chemical-based agents within the food, health, medical and pharmacy sectors. Nevertheless, the considerable challenges associated with optimising the characteristics of PSNPs to meet specific targeting applications are of utmost importance. This review provides a detailed compilation of recent accomplishments in the synthesis of PSNPs, the fundamental principles and critical factors that govern their rational fabrication, as well as various characterisation techniques. Noteworthy, the multiple use of PSNPs in different disciplines such as biomedical, cosmetics agrochemicals, energy storage, water detoxification, and food-related realms, is accounted in detail. Insights into the toxicological impacts of the PSNPs and their possible risks to human health are addressed, and efforts made in terms of PSNPs development and optimising strategies that allow for enhanced delivery are highlighted. Finally, limitations, potential drawbacks, market diffusion, economic viability and future possibilities for PSNPs to achieve widespread commercial use are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Bushra
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials and Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Sci & Tech, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; College of Light Industry and Food, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials and Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Sci & Tech, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials and Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Sci & Tech, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qurtulen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Junlong Song
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials and Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Sci & Tech, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials and Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Sci & Tech, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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Mishra V, Prajapati G, Baranwal V, Mishra RK. NMR-Based Metabolomic Imprinting Elucidates Macrophage Polarization of THP-1 Cell Lines Stimulated by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4873-4885. [PMID: 36126340 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industry, cosmetics, drugs, bioimaging, and drug delivery. ZnO NPs have been found to interact and interfere with cellular physiology via macrophages, thereby resulting in macrophage polarization. The functional reprogramming of the cells is synchronized through cellular metabolic adaptations. The current study, therefore, aims to establish crosstalk between ZnO-NP-induced metabolic alterations and macrophage polarization in PMA-activated THP-1 cell lines. We observed moderate to heightened cytotoxic response in terms of cell viability and proliferation. The results also revealed increased Th1-type cytokine and chemokine expression. In order to characterize the changes in metabolite concentration in treatment groups, we employed multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis) of 1H NMR spectra. The results revealed biologically relevant patterns and alterations in many metabolic pathways. These alterations and patterns were found to be in line across the immune-cytotoxic axis. Furthermore, the results also implicate the role of carbon metabolism toward the classical activation of macrophage polarization. The omics approach could identify the markers involved in NP-induced toxicity, thus elaborating our vision of cytotoxicity that is currently limited to end-point and cytokine assays. Also, it could be emphasized that metabolic reconfiguration upon NP stimulation could direct macrophage polarization toward classical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Mishra
- Nanotechnology Application Centre (NAC), University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Gurudayal Prajapati
- NMR Centre SAIF Laboratory, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vikas Baranwal
- Graphene Research Labs Pvt. Ltd., 135 Road 10, KIADB IT Park, Bengaluru 562149, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Mishra
- Centre of Science and Society, Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences (IIDS), University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Lewallen EA, Trousdale WH, Thaler R, Yao JJ, Xu W, Denbeigh JM, Nair A, Kocher JP, Dudakovic A, Berry DJ, Cohen RC, Abdel MP, Lewallen DG, van Wijnen AJ. Surface Roughness of Titanium Orthopedic Implants Alters the Biological Phenotype of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1503-1516. [PMID: 33975459 PMCID: PMC8742309 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal orthopedic implants are largely biocompatible and generally achieve long-term structural fixation. However, some orthopedic implants may loosen over time even in the absence of infection. In vivo fixation failure is multifactorial, but the fundamental biological defect is cellular dysfunction at the host-implant interface. Strategies to reduce the risk of short- and long-term loosening include surface modifications, implant metal alloy type, and adjuvant substances such as polymethylmethacrylate cement. Surface modifications (e.g., increased surface rugosity) can increase osseointegration and biological ingrowth of orthopedic implants. However, the localized responses of cells to implant surface modifications need to be better characterized. As an in vitro model for investigating cellular responses to metallic orthopedic implants, we cultured mesenchymal stromal/stem cells on clinical-grade titanium disks (Ti6Al4V) that differed in surface roughness as high (porous structured), medium (grit blasted), and low (bead blasted). Topological characterization of clinically relevant titanium (Ti) materials combined with differential mRNA expression analyses (RNA-seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) revealed alterations to the biological phenotype of cells cultured on titanium structures that favor early extracellular matrix production and observable responses to oxidative stress and heavy metal stress. These results provide a descriptive model for the interpretation of cellular responses at the interface between native host tissues and three-dimensionally printed modular orthopedic implants, and will guide future studies aimed at increasing the long-term retention of such materials after total joint arthroplasty. Impact statement Using an in vitro model of implant-to-cell interactions by culturing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on clinically relevant titanium materials of varying topological roughness, we identified mRNA expression patterns consistent with early extracellular matrix (ECM) production and responses to oxidative/heavy metal stress. Implants with high surface roughness may delay the differentiation and ECM formation of MSCs and alter the expression of genes sensitive to reactive oxygen species and protein kinases. In combination with ongoing animal studies, these results will guide future studies aimed at increasing the long-term retention of widely used titanium materials after total joint arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jie J. Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Janet M. Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Asha Nair
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Kocher
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J. Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert C. Cohen
- Digital, Robotics, and Enabling Technologies, Stryker Orthopedics, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David G. Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Sharmin S, Rahaman MM, Sarkar C, Atolani O, Islam MT, Adeyemi OS. Nanoparticles as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: A literature-based perspective study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06456. [PMID: 33763612 PMCID: PMC7973307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific explorations of nanoparticles for their inherent therapeutic potencies as antimicrobial and antiviral agents due to increasing incidences of antibiotic resistance have gained more attention in recent time. This factor amongst others necessitates the search for newer and more effective antimicrobial agents. Several investigations have demonstrated the prospects of nanoparticles in the treatment of various microbial infections. The therapeutic applications of nanoparticles as either delivery agent or broad spectrum inhibition agents in viral and microbial investigations can no longer be overlooked. Their large surface area to volume ratio made them an indispensable substance as delivery agents in many respect. Various materials have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles with unique properties channelised to meet specific therapeutic requirement. This review focuses on the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral potential of nanoparticles with their probable mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Sharmin
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Olubunmi Atolani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Infectious Diseases, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
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5
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Feng Y, Chang Y, Xu K, Zheng R, Wu X, Cheng Y, Zhang H. Safety-by-Design of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Based on the Regulation of their Energy Edges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907643. [PMID: 32187839 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The safety of metal oxide (MOx) nanoparticles (NPs) has been highly concerned because of their wide application and potential toxicological injury. The safe-by-design strategy is usually developed to make safer MOx NPs based on regulation of their physicochemical properties. In the present study, manganese oxide (Mn3 O4 ) NPs, as a representative of insoluble toxic MOx NPs, are doped with a series of transition metal to regulate their conduction band energy (Ec ) out of biological redox potential range (BRPR) or Fermi energy (Ef ) far away from valence band energy (Ev ), aiming at completely eliminating the toxicity or significantly reducing the toxicity. It is found that all these M-doping cannot move Ec of Mn3 O4 NPs out of the BRPR but zinc (Zn)-, copper (Cu)-, and chromium (Cr)-doping do move Ef far away from Ev , where Zn-doping results in the largest |Ef - Ev | value. Various abiotic, in vitro and in vivo assessments reveal that Zn-, Cu-, and Cr-doped Mn3 O4 NPs can generate lower amount of •OH and trigger weaker injury than Mn3 O4 NPs, where Zn-doped Mn3 O4 NPs show the lowest toxicity. Regulating Ef far away from Ev becomes a feasible safe-by-design approach to achieve safe MOx NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Feng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun Chang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Keqiang Xu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Runxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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6
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Lammel T, Mackevica A, Johansson BR, Sturve J. Endocytosis, intracellular fate, accumulation, and agglomeration of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles in the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15354-15372. [PMID: 30929178 PMCID: PMC6529399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) present in water or diet can be taken up by fish and accumulate in internal organs including the liver. However, their further fate in the organ is unknown. This study provides new insights into the interaction, uptake mechanism, intracellular trafficking, and fate of TiO2 NPs (Aeroxide® P25) in fish liver parenchymal cells (RTL-W1) in vitro using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) as complementary analytical techniques. The results demonstrate that following their uptake via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, TiO2 NPs were trafficked through different intracellular compartments including early endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and late endosomes/endo-lysosomes, and eventually concentrated inside multilamellar vesicles. TEM and spICP-MS results provide evidence that uptake was nano-specific. Only NPs/NP agglomerates of a specific size range (~ 30-100 nm) were endocytosed; larger agglomerates were excluded from uptake and remained located in the extracellular space/exposure medium. NP number and mass inside cells increased linearly with time and was associated with an increase in particle diameter suggesting intracellular agglomeration/aggregation. No alterations in the expression of genes regulated by the redox balance-sensitive transcription factor Nrf-2 including superoxide dismutase, glutamyl cysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase were observed. This shows that, despite the high intracellular NP burden (~ 3.9 × 102 ng Ti/mg protein after 24 h) and NP-interaction with mitochondria, cellular redox homeostasis was not significantly affected. This study contributes to a better mechanistic understanding of in vitro particokinetics as well as the potential fate and effects of TiO2 NPs in fish liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Aiga Mackevica
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bengt R Johansson
- The Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
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Azharuddin M, Zhu GH, Das D, Ozgur E, Uzun L, Turner APF, Patra HK. A repertoire of biomedical applications of noble metal nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6964-6996. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01741k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emerging properties of noble metal nanoparticles are attracting huge interest from the translational scientific community. In this feature article, we highlight recent advances in the adaptation of noble metal nanomaterials and their biomedical applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azharuddin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linkoping University
- Linkoping
- Sweden
| | - Geyunjian H. Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Erdogan Ozgur
- Hacettepe University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Hacettepe University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | | | - Hirak K. Patra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linkoping University
- Linkoping
- Sweden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
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8
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Kadiyala U, Turali-Emre ES, Bahng JH, Kotov NA, VanEpps JS. Unexpected insights into antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4927-4939. [PMID: 29480295 PMCID: PMC5847298 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are attractive as broad-spectrum antibiotics, however, their further engineering as antimicrobial agents and clinical translation is impeded by controversial data about their mechanism of activity. It is commonly reported that ZnO-NP's antimicrobial activity is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we disprove this concept by comparing the antibacterial potency of ZnO-NPs and their capacity to generate ROS with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Then, using gene transcription microarray analysis, we provide evidence for a novel toxicity mechanism. Exposure to ZnO-NPs resulted in over three-log reduction in colonies of methicillin resistant S. aureus with minimal increase in ROS or lipid peroxidation. The amount of ROS required for the same amount of killing by H2O2 was much greater than that generated by ZnO-NPs. In contrast to H2O2, ZnO-NP mediated killing was not mitigated by the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. ZnO-NPs caused significant up-regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis and carbohydrate degradation. Simultaneously, amino acid synthesis in S. aureus was significantly down-regulated indicating a complex mechanism of antimicrobial action involving multiple metabolic pathways. The results of this study point to the importance of specific experimental controls in the interpretation of antimicrobial mechanistic studies and the need for targeted molecular mechanism studies. Continued investigation on the antibacterial mechanisms of biomimetic ZnO-NPs is essential for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kadiyala
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC); University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Emine Sumeyra Turali-Emre
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Joong Hwan Bahng
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC); University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC); University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA
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9
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Tay CY, Setyawati MI, Leong DT. Nanoparticle Density: A Critical Biophysical Regulator of Endothelial Permeability. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2764-2772. [PMID: 28287706 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the vasculature system is intrinsically sensitive to a short list of biophysical cues spanning from nano to micro scales. We have earlier found that certain nanomaterials could induce endothelial leakiness (nanoparticle induced endothelial leakiness, nanoEL). In this study, we report that the density of the nanomaterial, a basic intrinsic material property not implicated in many nanoparticle-mediated biological effects, predominantly dictates the nanoEL effect. We demonstrated that the impinging force exerted by a library of increasing effective densities but consistently sized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) could directly increase endothelial permeability. The crossover effective particle density that induced nanoEL was determined to be between 1.57 g/cm3 to 1.72 g/cm3. It was also found that a cumulative gravitational-mediated force of around 1.8 nN/μm along the boundaries of the vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cad) adherens junctions appeared to be a critical threshold force required to perturb endothelial cell-cell adhesion. The net result is the "snapping" of the mechanically pretensed VE-cad (Nanosnap), leading to the formation of micron-sized gaps that would dramatically increase endothelial leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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10
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Photoluminescent Gold Nanoclusters in Cancer Cells: Cellular Uptake, Toxicity, and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020378. [PMID: 28208642 PMCID: PMC5343913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, photoluminescent gold nanoclusters have attracted considerable interest in both fundamental biomedical research and practical applications. Due to their ultrasmall size, unique molecule-like optical properties, and facile synthesis gold nanoclusters have been considered very promising photoluminescent agents for biosensing, bioimaging, and targeted therapy. Yet, interaction of such ultra-small nanoclusters with cells and other biological objects remains poorly understood. Therefore, the assessment of the biocompatibility and potential toxicity of gold nanoclusters is of major importance before their clinical application. In this study, the cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of bovine serum albumin-encapsulated (BSA-Au NCs) and 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES)-capped photoluminescent gold nanoclusters (Au-MES NCs) were investigated. The results showed that BSA-Au NCs accumulate in cells in a similar manner as BSA alone, indicating an endocytotic uptake mechanism while ultrasmall Au-MES NCs were distributed homogeneously throughout the whole cell volume including cell nucleus. The cytotoxicity of BSA-Au NCs was negligible, demonstrating good biocompatibility of such BSA-protected Au NCs. In contrast, possibly due to ultrasmall size and thin coating layer, Au-MES NCs exhibited exposure time-dependent high cytotoxicity and higher reactivity which led to highly increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The results demonstrate the importance of the coating layer to biocompatibility and toxicity of ultrasmall photoluminescent gold nanoclusters.
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Yuan Q, Wang Y, Zhao L, Liu R, Gao F, Gao L, Gao X. Peptide protected gold clusters: chemical synthesis and biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12095-104. [PMID: 27271005 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between atoms and nanoparticles, noble metal clusters with atomic precision continue to attract considerable attention due to their important applications in catalysis, energy transformation, biosensing and biomedicine. Greatly different to common chemical synthesis, a one-step biomimetic synthesis of peptide-conjugated metal clusters has been developed to meet the demand of emerging bioapplications. Under mild conditions, multifunctional peptides containing metal capturing, reactive and targeting groups are rationally designed and elaborately synthesized to fabricate atomically precise peptide protected metal clusters. Among them, peptide-protected Au Cs (peptide-Au Cs) possess a great deal of exceptional advantages such as nanometer dimensions, high photostability, good biocompatibility, accurate chemical formula and specific protein targeting capacity. In this review article, we focus on the recent advances in potential theranostic fields by introducing the rising progress of peptide-Au Cs for biological imaging, biological analysis and therapeutic applications. The interactions between Au Cs and biological systems as well as potential mechanisms are also our concerned theme. We expect that the rapidly growing interest in Au Cs-based theranostic applications will attract broader concerns across various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuping Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Chia SL, Tay CY, Setyawati MI, Leong DT. Decoupling the Direct and Indirect Biological Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles Using a Communicative Dual Cell-Type Tissue Construct. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:647-657. [PMID: 26670581 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While matter at the nanoscale can be manipulated, the knowledge of the interactions between these nanoproducts and the biological systems remained relatively laggard. Current nanobiology study is rooted on in vitro study using conventional 2D cell culture model. A typical study employs monolayer cell culture that simplifies the real context of which to measure any nanomaterial effect; unfortunately, this simplification also demonstrated the limitations of 2D cell culture in predicting the actual biological response of some tissues. In fact, some of the characteristics of tissue such as spatial arrangement of cells and cell-cell interaction, which are simplified in 2D cell culture model, play important roles in how cells respond to a stimulus. To more accurately recapitulate the features and microenvironment of tissue for nanotoxicity assessments, an improved organotypic-like in vitro multicell culture system to mimic the kidney endoepithelial bilayer is introduced. Results showed that important nano-related parameters such as the diffusion, direct and indirect toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles can be studied by combining this endoepithelial bilayer tissue model and traditional monolayer culture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Ling Chia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Magdiel I Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - David T Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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13
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Giovanni M, Tay CY, Setyawati MI, Xie J, Ong CN, Fan R, Yue J, Zhang L, Leong DT. Toxicity profiling of water contextual zinc oxide, silver, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human oral and gastrointestinal cell systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1459-69. [PMID: 24930694 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly detected in water supply due to environmental release of ENPs as the by-products contained within the effluent of domestic and industrial run-off. The partial recycling of water laden with ENPs, albeit at ultra-low concentrations, may pose an uncharacterized threat to human health. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of three prevalent ENPs: zinc oxide, silver, and titanium dioxide over a wide range of concentrations that encompasses drinking water-relevant concentrations, to cellular systems representing oral and gastrointestinal tissues. Based on published in silico-predicted water-relevant ENPs concentration range from 100 pg/L to 100 µg/L, we detected no cytotoxicity to all the cellular systems. Significant cytotoxicity due to the NPs set in around 100 mg/L with decreasing extent of toxicity from zinc oxide to silver to titanium dioxide NPs. We also found that noncytotoxic zinc oxide NPs level of 10 mg/L could elevate the intracellular oxidative stress. The threshold concentrations of NPs that induced cytotoxic effect are at least two to five orders of magnitude higher than the permissible concentrations of the respective metals and metal oxides in drinking water. Based on these findings, the current estimated levels of NPs in potable water pose little cytotoxic threat to the human oral and gastrointestinal systems within our experimental boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Giovanni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD3 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Rongli Fan
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road, Singapore, 228231, Singapore
| | - Junqi Yue
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road, Singapore, 228231, Singapore
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road, Singapore, 228231, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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14
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Setyawati MI, Tay CY, Leong DT. Mechanistic Investigation of the Biological Effects of SiO₂, TiO₂, and ZnO Nanoparticles on Intestinal Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3458-68. [PMID: 25902938 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) are currently among the most widely used nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry. This could potentially lead to unintended exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to these NPs. This study aims to investigate the potential side-effects of these food-borne NPs on intestinal cells and to mechanistically understand the observed biological responses. Among the panel of tested NPs, ZnO NPs are the most toxic. Consistently in all three tested intestinal cell models, ZnO NPs invoke the most inflammatory responses from the cells and induce the highest intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated ROS levels induce significant damage to the DNA of the cells, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and subsequently cell death. In contrast, both SiO2 and TiO2 NPs elicit minimum biological responses from the intestinal cells. Overall, the study showcases the varying capability of the food-borne NPs to induce a cellular response in the intestinal cells. In addition to physicochemical differences in the NPs, the genetic landscape of the intestinal cell models governs the toxicology profile of these food-borne NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel I Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - David T Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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15
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Li J, Zhao T, Chen T, Liu Y, Ong CN, Xie J. Engineering noble metal nanomaterials for environmental applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7502-7519. [PMID: 25866322 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Besides being valuable assets in our daily lives, noble metals (namely, gold, silver, and platinum) also feature many intriguing physical and chemical properties when their sizes are reduced to the nano- or even subnano-scale; such assets may significantly increase the values of the noble metals as functional materials for tackling important societal issues related to human health and the environment. Among which, designing/engineering of noble metal nanomaterials (NMNs) to address challenging issues in the environment has attracted recent interest in the community. In general, the use of NMNs for environmental applications is highly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of NMNs. Such properties can be readily controlled by tailoring the attributes of NMNs, including their size, shape, composition, and surface. In this feature article, we discuss recent progress in the rational design and engineering of NMNs with particular focus on their applications in the field of environmental sensing and catalysis. The development of functional NMNs for environmental applications is highly interdisciplinary, which requires concerted efforts from the communities of materials science, chemistry, engineering, and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585 Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Correlation of zinc with oxidative stress biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3060-76. [PMID: 25774936 PMCID: PMC4377952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120303060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension and smoking are related with oxidative stress (OS), which in turn reports on cellular aging. Zinc is an essential element involved in an individual's physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of zinc levels in serum and urine with OS and cellular aging and its effect on the development of hypertension. In a Spanish sample with 1500 individuals, subjects aged 20-59 years were selected, whose zinc intake levels fell within the recommended limits. These individuals were classified according to their smoking habits and hypertensive condition. A positive correlation was found (Pearson's C=0.639; p=0.01) between Zn serum/urine quotient and oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG). Finally, risk of hypertension significantly increased when the GSSG levels exceeded the 75 percentile; OR=2.80 (95%CI=1.09-7.18) and AOR=3.06 (95%CI=0.96-9.71). Low zinc levels in serum were related with OS and cellular aging and were, in turn, to be a risk factor for hypertension.
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Chia SL, Tay CY, Setyawati MI, Leong DT. Biomimicry 3D gastrointestinal spheroid platform for the assessment of toxicity and inflammatory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:702-712. [PMID: 25331163 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our current mechanistic understanding on the effects of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) on cellular physiology is derived mainly from 2D cell culture studies. However, conventional monolayer cell culture may not accurately model the mass transfer gradient that is expected in 3D tissue physiology and thus may lead to artifactual experimental conclusions. Herein, using a micropatterned agarose hydrogel platform, the effects of ZnO NPs (25 nm) on 3D colon cell spheroids of well-defined sizes are examined. The findings show that cell dimensionality plays a critical role in governing the spatiotemporal cellular outcomes like inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in response to ZnO NPs treatment. More importantly, ZnO NPs can induce different modes of cell death in 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Interestingly, the outer few layers of cells in 3D model could only protect the inner core of cells for a limited time and periodically slough off from the spheroids surface. These findings suggest that toxicological conclusions made from 2D cell models might overestimate the toxicity of ZnO NPs. This 3D cell spheroid model can serve as a reproducible platform to better reflect the actual cell response to NPs and to study a more realistic mechanism of nanoparticle-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Ling Chia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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18
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Setyawati MI, Kutty RV, Tay CY, Yuan X, Xie J, Leong DT. Novel theranostic DNA nanoscaffolds for the simultaneous detection and killing of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21822-31. [PMID: 24941440 DOI: 10.1021/am502591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel theranostic platform is made by utilizing a self-assembled DNA nanopyramid (DP) as scaffold for incorporation of both detection and therapeutic moieties to combat bacterial infection. Red-emissive glutathione-protected gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs) were used for bacterial detection. Actinomycin D (AMD) that was intercalated on the DP scaffold was used as therapeutic agent. This results in the formation of theranostic DPAu/AMD. Model bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be readily taken in the DPAu/AMD and be susceptible to its killing effect. In addition, DPAu/AMD was observed to outperform the free AMD in killing infectious bacteria. The degradation of the DP structure by DNase was found to be responsible for the release of AMD and the effective killing effect of the infectious bacteria. This novel strategy presents a basic platform for future improvements to detect infectious bacteria and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel I Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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19
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Leong DT, Ng KW. Probing the relevance of 3D cancer models in nanomedicine research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:95-106. [PMID: 24996135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, 2D cell culture format on plastic has been the main workhorse in cancer research. Though many important understandings of cancer cell biology were derived using this platform, it is not a fair representation of the in vivo scenario. In this review, both established and new 3D cell culture systems are discussed with specific references to anti-cancer drug and nanomedicine applications. 3D culture systems exploit more realistic spatial, biochemical and cellular heterogeneity parameters to bridge the experimental gap between in vivo and in vitro settings when studying the performance and efficacy of novel nanomedicine strategies to manage cancer. However, the complexities associated with 3D culture systems also necessitate greater technical expertise in handling and characterizing in order to arrive at meaningful experimental conclusions. Finally, we have also provided future perspectives where cutting edge 3D culture technologies may be combined with under-explored technologies to build better in vitro cancer platforms.
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20
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Zheng K, Yuan X, Goswami N, Zhang Q, Xie J. Recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of ultrasmall thiolated silver nanoclusters. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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21
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Hsu A, Liu F, Leung YH, Ma APY, Djurišić AB, Leung FCC, Chan WK, Lee HK. Is the effect of surface modifying molecules on antibacterial activity universal for a given material? NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10323-10331. [PMID: 25072881 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of nanomaterials is strongly dependent on their properties, and their stability and toxicity can be varied using surface coatings. We investigated the effect of different surface modifying molecules on the antibacterial properties of two ZnO nanoparticle samples. We found that the starting surface properties of the nanoparticles have significant effects on the attachment of the surface modifying molecules and consequent antibacterial activity. Two out of five investigated surface modifying molecules not only had a significant difference in the magnitude of their effect on different nanoparticles, but also resulted in the opposite effects on two ZnO nanoparticle samples (an enhancement of antibacterial activity for one and a reduction of antibacterial activity for the other ZnO sample). This indicates that no general rule on the effect of a specific molecule on the toxicity of a metal oxide nanoparticle can be derived without knowing the nanoparticle properties, due to the fact that surface modifier attachment onto the surface is affected by the initial surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hsu
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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22
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Setyawati MI, Tay CY, Leong DT. The gap between endothelial cells: key to the quick escape of nanomaterials? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1591-4. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - David T Leong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
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23
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Setyawati MI, Yuan X, Xie J, Leong DT. The influence of lysosomal stability of silver nanomaterials on their toxicity to human cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6707-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Soenen SJ, Manshian BB, Aubert T, Himmelreich U, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Hens Z, Braeckmans K. Cytotoxicity of cadmium-free quantum dots and their use in cell bioimaging. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1050-9. [PMID: 24869946 DOI: 10.1021/tx5000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of quantum dots (QDots) as bright and photostable probes for long-term fluorescence imaging is gaining more interest. Thus far, (pre)clinical use of QDots remains limited, which is primarily caused by the potential toxicity of QDots. Most QDots consist of Cd2+ ions, which are known to cause high levels of toxicity. In order to overcome this problem, several strategies have been tested, such as the generation of cadmium-free QDots. In the present study, two types of cadmium-free QDots, composed of ZnSe/ZnS (QDotZnSe) and InP/ZnS (QDotInP), were studied with respect to their cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in a variety of cell types. A multiparametric cytotoxicity approach is used, where the QDots are studied with respect to cell viability, oxidative stress, cell morphology, stem cell differentiation, and neurite outgrowth. The data reveal slight differences in uptake levels for both types of QDots (maximal for QDotZnSe), but clear differences in cytotoxicity and cell functionality effects exist, with highest toxicity for QDotZnSe. Differences between cell types and between both types of QDots can be explained by the intrinsic sensitivity of certain cell types and chemical composition of the QDots. At concentrations at which no toxic effects can be observed, the functionality of the QDots for fluorescence cell visualization is evaluated, revealing that the higher brightness of QDotZnSe overcomes most of the toxicity issues compared to that of QDotInP. Comparing the results obtained with common Cd2+-containing QDots tested under identical conditions, the importance of particle functionality is demonstrated, revealing that cadmium-free QDots tested in this study are not significantly better than Cd2+-containing QDots for long-term cell imaging and that more work needs to be performed in optimizing the brightness and surface chemistry of cadmium-free QDots for them to replace currently used Cd2+-containing QDots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan J Soenen
- MoSAIC/Biomedical NMR Unit, Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven , Herestraat 49, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Tay CY, Fang W, Setyawati MI, Chia SL, Tan KS, Hong CHL, Leong DT. Nano-hydroxyapatite and nano-titanium dioxide exhibit different subcellular distribution and apoptotic profile in human oral epithelium. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6248-56. [PMID: 24734929 DOI: 10.1021/am501266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) such as titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) are widely used in food, personal care, and many household products. Due to their extensive usage, the risk of human exposure is increased and may trigger NMs specific biological outcomes as the NMs interface with the cells. However, the interaction of nano-TiO2 and nano-HA with cells, their uptake and subcellular distribution, and the cytotoxic effects are poorly understood. Herein, we characterized and examined the cellular internalization, inflammatory response and cytotoxic effects of nano-TiO2 and nano-HA using TR146 human oral buccal epithelial cells as an in vitro model. We showed both types of NMs were able to bind to the cellular membrane and passage into the cells in a dose dependent manner. Strikingly, both types of NMs exhibited distinct subcellular distribution profile with nano-HA displaying a higher preference to accumulate near the cell membrane compared to nano-TiO2. Exposure to both types of NMs caused an elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and expression of inflammatory transcripts with increasing NMs concentration. Although cells treated with nano-HA induces minimal apoptosis, nano-TiO2 treated samples displayed approximately 28% early apoptosis after 24 h of NMs exposure. We further showed that nano-TiO2 mediated cell death is independent of the classical p53-Bax apoptosis pathway. Our findings provided insights into the potential cellular fates of human oral epithelial cells as they interface with industrial grade nano-HA and nano-TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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26
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He X, Aker WG, Leszczynski J, Hwang HM. Using a holistic approach to assess the impact of engineered nanomaterials inducing toxicity in aquatic systems. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:128-146. [PMID: 24673910 PMCID: PMC9359143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we critically reviewed selected intrinsic physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and their role in the interaction of the ENMs with the immediate surroundings in representative aquatic environments. The behavior of ENMs with respect to dynamic microenvironments at the nano–bio–eco interface level, and the resulting impact on their toxicity, fate, and exposure potential are elaborated. Based on this literature review, we conclude that a holistic approach is urgently needed to fulfill our knowledge gap regarding the safety of discharged ENMs. This comparative approach affords the capability to recognize and understand the potential hazards of ENMs and their toxicity mechanisms, and ultimately to establish a quantitative and reliable system to predict such outcomes.
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27
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Setyawati MI, Tay CY, Leong DT. Exploiting cancer's antioxidative weakness through p53 with nanotoxicology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:369-71. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585 Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Tay CY, Cai P, Setyawati MI, Fang W, Tan LP, Hong CHL, Chen X, Leong DT. Nanoparticles strengthen intracellular tension and retard cellular migration. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:83-88. [PMID: 24313755 DOI: 10.1021/nl4032549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can have profound effects on cell biology. Here, we show that after TiO2, SiO2, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles treatment, TR146 epithelial cell sheet displayed slower migration. Cells after exposure to the nanoparticles showed increased cell contractility with significantly impaired wound healing capability however without any apparent cytotoxicity. We showed the mechanism is through nanoparticle-mediated massive disruption of the intracellular microtubule assembly, thereby triggering a positive feedback that promoted stronger substrate adhesions thus leading to limited cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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29
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Luo Z, Zheng K, Xie J. Engineering ultrasmall water-soluble gold and silver nanoclusters for biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5143-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Effect of zinc oxide nanomaterials-induced oxidative stress on the p53 pathway. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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