1
|
Wang C, He Y. A Novel Micromixer That Exploits Electrokinetic Vortices Generated on a Janus Droplet Surface. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:91. [PMID: 38258210 PMCID: PMC10819459 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Micromixers play a crucial role as essential components in microfluidic analysis systems. This paper introduces a novel micromixer designed by harnessing electrokinetic vortices arising on the surface of a Janus droplet within a microchannel. The Janus droplet is characterized by different polarities of charges on its two sides (upstream part and downstream part). In the presence of a direct current electric field, the droplet's surface generates electroosmotic flows in opposite directions, resulting in the formation of vortices and facilitating solution mixing. Results from numerical simulations suggest that a better mixing performance of the micromixer is associated with both a higher absolute value of the zeta potential ratio between the downstream and upstream surfaces of the Janus droplet and a larger downstream surface area. Additionally, this study reveals that microchannel dimensions significantly influence the performance of the micromixer. Smaller microchannel widths and heights correspond to a larger mixing index for the micromixer. The micromixer presented in this study features a simple structure, easy fabrication, and holds promising application potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfa Wang
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yehui He
- Computer Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia A, Shen C, Wei C, Meng L, Hu Z, Zhang L, Chen M, Li L, He N, Hao X. Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a "Tai Chi"-Shaped Planar Passive Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1414. [PMID: 37512725 PMCID: PMC10383477 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Microfluidic chips have found extensive applications in multiple fields due to their excellent analytical performance. As an important platform for micro-mixing, the performance of micromixers has a significant impact on analysis accuracy and rate. However, existing micromixers with high mixing efficiency are accompanied by high pressure drop, which is not conducive to the integration of micro-reaction systems; (2) Methods: This paper proposed a novel "Tai Chi"-shaped planar passive micromixer with high efficiency and low pressure drop. The effect of different structural parameters was investigated, and an optimal structure was obtained. Simulations on the proposed micromixer and two other micromixers were carried out while mixing experiments on the proposed micromixer were performed. The experimental and simulation results were compared; (3) Results: The optimized values of the parameters were that the straight channel width w, ratio K of the outer and inner walls of the circular cavity, width ratio w1/w2 of the arc channel, and number N of mixing units were 200 μm, 2.9, 1/2, and 6, respectively. Moreover, the excellent performance of the proposed micromixer was verified when compared with the other two micromixers; (4) Conclusions: The mixing efficiency M at all Re studied was more than 50%, and at most Re, the M was nearly 100%. Moreover, the pressure drop was less than 18,000 Pa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annan Xia
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | | | - Lingchen Meng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Mengyue Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Ning He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Natsuhara D, Saito R, Okamoto S, Nagai M, Shibata T. Mixing Performance of a Planar Asymmetric Contraction-and-Expansion Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1386. [PMID: 36144009 PMCID: PMC9504961 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micromixers are one of the critical components in microfluidic devices. They significantly affect the efficiency and sensitivity of microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip systems. This study introduces an efficient micromixer with a simple geometrical feature that enables easy incorporation in a microchannel network without compromising the original design of microfluidic devices. The study proposes a newly designed planar passive micromixer, termed a planar asymmetric contraction-and-expansion (P-ACE) micromixer, with asymmetric vertical obstacle structures. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation revealed that the optimally designed P-ACE micromixer exhibited a high mixing efficiency of 80% or more within a microchannel length of 10 mm over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (0.13 ≤ Re ≤ 13), eventually attaining approximately 90% mixing efficiency within a 20 mm microchannel length. The highly asymmetric geometric features of the P-ACE micromixers enhance mixing because of their synergistic effects. The flow velocities and directions of the two fluids change differently while alternately crossing the longitudinal centerline of the microchannel, with the obstacle structures asymmetrically arranged on both sidewalls of the rectangular microchannel. This flow behavior increases the interfacial contact area between the two fluids, thus promoting effective mixing in the P-ACE micromixer. Further, the pressure drops in the P-ACE micromixers were experimentally investigated and compared with those in a serpentine micromixer with a perfectly symmetric mixing unit.
Collapse
|
5
|
Na J, Li H, Yan P, Li X, Gao X. An open-source topology optimization modeling framework for the design of passive micromixer structure. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang L, Yu S, Hu Z, Zhu C, Shi J, Babangida AA, Ge D. A cross-mixing channel 3D-SAR micromixer with high mixing performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As an important part of laboratory-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro-total analysis system (μTAS), micromixers are widely used in the fields of biological analysis and chemical synthesis. Most of them are used for the pretreatment of the detection and analysis system to realize the full mixing between the sample and the target to improve the accuracy of the inspection system. A new type of 3D-SAR micromixer with cross-channel structures was put forward after the systemic simulation by using CFD software. The mixing performance and mechanism of 3D-SAR micromixer with/without cross-mixing channel has been investigated with different Reynolds numbers (Re). The results show that the 3D-SAR micromixer with or without cross-mixing channel structures are of excellent mixing performance when the Re was high (Re > 50), and the mixing index is close to 1. While the concentration stratification of the two fluids in the cross-mixing channel (CMC) 3D-SAR micromixer is obviously better than that of no-cross-mixing channel (NCMC) 3D-SAR micromixer when Re is low (Re < 10). It is because the two fluids in the cross-mixing channel rotate counterclockwise at the mixing unit, which induces a vortex and increases the contact area between the two fluids. The mixing performance is greatly improved, and the mixing index at the outlet is more than 0.9. Meanwhile, in order to optimize the higher pressure drop of the CMC micromixer, a new 3D-SAR micromixer with the unbalanced-cross-mixing channel (UCMC) is proposed based on the CMC structure. This channel structure can meet the requirements of high mixing index and low-pressure drop at the same time, which is helpful to design and manufacture of new type micromixer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Span-Scale Design and Manufacturing for MEMS /NEMS/OEDS , School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Sicheng Yu
- Laboratory of Span-Scale Design and Manufacturing for MEMS /NEMS/OEDS , School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Hu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Jiakang Shi
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Abubakar Ahmad Babangida
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Daohan Ge
- Laboratory of Span-Scale Design and Manufacturing for MEMS /NEMS/OEDS , School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan SJ, Yu KH, Ismail MA, Teoh YH. Numerical assessment on liquid mixing in a T‐mixer containing tri‐fin. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sak Jie Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Kok Hwa Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Ismail
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Yew Heng Teoh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghorbani Kharaji Z, Bayareh M, Kalantar V. A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers is given. This is supplemented by the governing equations, governing non-dimensional parameters, numerical simulation approaches, and fabrication techniques. Acoustically induced vibration is a kind of external energy input employed in active micromixers to improve the mixing performance. An air bubble energized by an acoustic field acts as an external energy source and induces friction forces at the interface between an air bubble and liquid, leading to the formation of circulatory flows. The current review (with 200 references) evaluates different characteristics of microfluidic devices working based on acoustic field shaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Vali Kalantar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Yazd University , Yazd , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oevreeide IH, Zoellner A, Stokke BT. Characterization of Mixing Performance Induced by Double Curved Passive Mixing Structures in Microfluidic Channels. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050556. [PMID: 34068289 PMCID: PMC8153322 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized sensor surfaces combined with microfluidic channels are becoming increasingly important in realizing efficient biosensing devices applicable to small sample volumes. Relaxing the limitations imposed by laminar flow of the microfluidic channels by passive mixing structures to enhance analyte mass transfer to the sensing area will further improve the performance of these devices. In this paper, we characterize the flow performance in a group of microfluidic flow channels with novel double curved passive mixing structures (DCMS) fabricated in the ceiling. The experimental strategy includes confocal imaging to monitor the stationary flow patterns downstream from the inlet where a fluorophore is included in one of the inlets in a Y-channel microfluidic device. Analyses of the fluorescence pattern projected both along the channel and transverse to the flow direction monitored details in the developing homogenization. The mixing index (MI) as a function of the channel length was found to be well accounted for by a double-exponential equilibration process, where the different parameters of the DCMS were found to affect the extent and length of the initial mixing component. The range of MI for a 1 cm channel length for the DCMS was 0.75–0.98, which is a range of MI comparable to micromixers with herringbone structures. Overall, this indicates that the DCMS is a high performing passive micromixer, but the sensitivity to geometric parameter values calls for the selection of certain values for the most efficient mixing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H. Oevreeide
- Division of Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | | | - Bjørn T. Stokke
- Division of Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang C. Liquid Mixing Based on Electrokinetic Vortices Generated in a T-Type Microchannel. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:130. [PMID: 33530439 PMCID: PMC7910835 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes a micromixer based on the vortices generated in a T-type microchannel with nonuniform but same polarity zeta potentials under a direct current (DC) electric field. The downstream section (modified section) of the outlet channel was designed with a smaller zeta potential than others (unmodified section). When a DC electric field is applied in the microchannel, the electrokinetic vortices will form under certain conditions and hence mix the solution. The numerical results show that the mixing performance is better when the channel width and the zeta potential ratio of the modified section to the unmodified section are smaller. Besides, the electrokinetic vortices formed in the microchannel are stronger under a larger length ratio of the modified section to the unmodified section of the outlet channel, and correspondingly, the mixing performance is better. The micromixer presented in the paper is quite simple in structure and has good potential applications in microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfa Wang
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No.1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tan SJ, Yu KH, Ismail MA, Teoh YH. Enhanced liquid mixing in T‐mixer having staggered fins. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sak Jie Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia
| | - Kok Hwa Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Ismail
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia
| | - Yew Heng Teoh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Niu F, Chen X, Niu X, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Chen T, Yang H. Integrated Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Microfluidic Chip for Exosomes Isolation. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050503. [PMID: 32429185 PMCID: PMC7281766 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are essential early biomarkers for health monitoring and cancer diagnosis. A prerequisite for further investigation of exosomes is the isolation, which is technically challenging due to the complexity of body fluids. This paper presents the development of an integrated microfluidic chip for exosomes isolation, which combines the traditional immunomagnetic bead-based protocol and the recently emerging microfluidic approach, resulting in benefits from both the high-purity of the former and the automated continuous superiority of the latter. The chip was designed based on an S-shaped micromixer with embedded baffle. The excellent mixing efficiency of this micromixer compared with Y-shaped and S-shaped micromixers was verified by simulation and experiments. The photolithography technique was employed to fabricate the integrated microfluidic chip, and the manufacturing process was elucidated. We finally established an experimental platform for exosomes isolation with the fabricated microfluidic chip built in. Exosomes isolation experiments were conducted using this platform. The distribution and morphology of the isolated exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative size analyses based on transmission electron micrographs indicated that most of the obtained particles were between 30 and 150 nm. Western blot analyses of the isolated exosomes and the serum were conducted to verify the platform’s capability of isolating a certain subpopulation of exosomes corresponding to specified protein markers (CD63). The complete time for isolation of 150 μL serum samples was approximately 50 min, which was highly competitive with the reported existing protocols. Experimental results proved the capacity of the established integrated microfluidic chip for exosomes isolation with high purity, high integrity, and excellent efficiency. The platform can be further developed to make it possible for practical use in clinical applications as a universal exosomes isolation and characterization tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
| | - Xifu Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
| | - Xuemei Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
| | - Yifan Cai
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; (Y.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Qingkui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; (Y.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Hao Yang
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; (Y.C.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang C, Song Y, Pan X. Electrokinetic‐vortex formation near a two‐part cylinder with same‐sign zeta potentials in a straight microchannel. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:793-801. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfa Wang
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Maritime CollegeGuangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Menzel F, Klein T, Ziegler T, Neumaier JM. 3D-printed PEEK reactors and development of a complete continuous flow system for chemical synthesis. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of milli- and microfluidic reactors made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and 3D-printed equipment for a complete continuous flow system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Menzel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Jochen M. Neumaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Zhang N, Chen J, Rodgers VGJ, Brisk P, Grover WH. Finding the optimal design of a passive microfluidic mixer. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3618-3627. [PMID: 31576868 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to thoroughly mix two fluids is a fundamental need in microfluidics. While a variety of different microfluidic mixers have been designed by researchers, it remains unknown which (if any) of these mixers are optimal (that is, which designs provide the most thorough mixing with the smallest possible fluidic resistance across the mixer). In this work, we automatically designed and rationally optimized a microfluidic mixer. We accomplished this by first generating a library of thousands of different randomly designed mixers, then using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to optimize the random chips in order to achieve Pareto efficiency. Pareto efficiency is a state of allocation of resources (e.g. driving force) from which it is impossible to reallocate so as to make any one individual criterion better off (e.g. pressure drop) without making at least one individual criterion (e.g. mixing performance) worse off. After 200 generations of evolution, Pareto efficiency was achieved and the Pareto-optimal front was found. We examined designs at the Pareto-optimal front and found several design criteria that enhance the mixing performance of a mixer while minimizing its fluidic resistance; these observations provide new criteria on how to design optimal microfluidic mixers. Additionally, we compared the designs from NSGA-II with some popular microfluidic mixer designs from the literature and found that designs from NSGA-II have lower fluidic resistance with similar mixing performance. As a proof of concept, we fabricated three mixer designs from 200 generations of evolution and one conventional popular mixer design and tested the performance of these four mixers. Using this approach, an optimal design of a passive microfluidic mixer is found and the criteria of designing a passive microfluidic mixer are established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Naiyin Zhang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Victor G J Rodgers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Philip Brisk
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - William H Grover
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Wang J. Self-assembly of colloids based on microfluidics. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16708-16722. [PMID: 31469374 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloids provides a powerful way for the construction of complex multi-scale materials. Microfluidic techniques possess great potential to precisely control the assembly of micro- and nano-scale building blocks via the rational design of various microfluidic environments. In this review, we first discuss the self-assembly of colloids without templates by using the laminar microfluidic technique. The self-assembly of colloids based on a droplet as a template was subsequently summarized and discussed via droplet microfluidic technique. Moreover, the evaporation-driven self-assembly of colloids in microfluidic channels has been discussed and analysed. Finally, the representative applications in this field have been pointed out. The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-art on the self-assembly of colloids based on various microfluidic techniques, exhibit their representative applications, and point out the current challenges in this field, hoping to inspire and guide future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mixing efficiency and pressure drop analysis of liquid-liquid two phases flow in serpentine microchannels. J Flow Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Wang H, Shi L, Zhou T, Xu C, Deng Y. A novel passive micromixer with modified asymmetric lateral wall structures. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Wang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 Hainan China
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 Hainan China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 Hainan China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology and Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang China
| | - Yongbo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP); Chinese Academy of Science; Changchun 130033 Jilin China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Bordbar A, Taassob A, Kamali R. Diffusion and convection mixing of non-Newtonian liquids in an optimized micromixer. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bordbar
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Shiraz University; Shiraz Fars 71348-51154 Iran
| | - Arsalan Taassob
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Shiraz University; Shiraz Fars 71348-51154 Iran
| | - Reza Kamali
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Shiraz University; Shiraz Fars 71348-51154 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cai G, Xue L, Zhang H, Lin J. A Review on Micromixers. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E274. [PMID: 30400464 PMCID: PMC6189760 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have attracted increasing attention in the fields of biomedical diagnostics, food safety control, environmental protection, and animal epidemic prevention. Micromixing has a considerable impact on the efficiency and sensitivity of microfluidic devices. This work reviews recent advances on the passive and active micromixers for the development of various microfluidic chips. Recently reported active micromixers driven by pressure fields, electrical fields, sound fields, magnetic fields, and thermal fields, etc. and passive micromixers, which owned two-dimensional obstacles, unbalanced collisions, spiral and convergence-divergence structures or three-dimensional lamination and spiral structures, were summarized and discussed. The future trends for micromixers to combine with 3D printing and paper channel were brought forth as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The interdisciplinary research field of microfluidics has the potential to revolutionize current technologies that require the handling of a small amount of fluid, a fast response, low costs and automation. Microfluidic platforms that handle small amounts of liquid have been categorised as continuous-flow microfluidics and digital microfluidics. The first part of this paper discusses the recent advances of the two main and opposing applications of liquid handling in continuous-flow microfluidics: mixing and separation. Mixing and separation are essential steps in most lab-on-a-chip platforms, as sample preparation and detection are required for a variety of biological and chemical assays. The second part discusses the various digital microfluidic strategies, based on droplets and liquid marbles, for the manipulation of discrete microdroplets. More advanced digital microfluidic devices combining electrowetting with other techniques are also introduced. The applications of the emerging field of liquid-marble-based digital microfluidics are also highlighted. Finally, future perspectives on microfluidic liquid handling are discussed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang G, Yuan C, Fu B, He L, Reichmanis E, Wang H, Zhang Q, Li Y. Flow Effects on the Controlled Growth of Nanostructured Networks at Microcapillary Walls for Applications in Continuous Flow Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21580-21588. [PMID: 26352859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost microfluidic devices are desirable for many chemical processes; however, access to robust, inert, and appropriately structured materials for the inner channel wall is severely limited. Here, the shear force within confined microchannels was tuned through control of reactant solution fluid-flow and shown to dramatically impact nano- through microstructure growth. Combined use of experimental results and simulations allowed controlled growth of 3D networked Zn(OH)F nanostructures with uniform pore distributions and large fluid contact areas on inner microchannel walls. These attributes facilitated subsequent preparation of uniformly distributed Pd and PdPt networks with high structural and chemical stability using a facile, in situ conversion method. The advantageous properties of the microchannel based catalytic system were demonstrated using microwave-assisted continuous-flow coupling as a representative reaction. High conversion rates and good recyclability were obtained. Controlling materials nanostructure via fluid-flow-enhanced growth affords a general strategy to optimize the structure of an inner microchannel wall for desired attributes. The approach provides a promising pathway toward versatile, high-performance, and low-cost microfluidic devices for continuous-flow chemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Cansheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Boyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Luye He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li D, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xie Z, Wang L, Tan H. Preparation and properties of polyurethane-modified epoxy cured in different simulated gravity environments. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Youshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhimin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Huifeng Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang L, Ma S, Han X. Micromixing enhancement in a novel passive mixer with symmetrical cylindrical grooves. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shenghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| |
Collapse
|