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Zhang K, Zheng J, Xu Y, Liao Z, Huang Y, Lu L. Enhanced fabrication of size-controllable chitosan-genipin nanoparticles using orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation: Process optimization and performance evaluation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 106:106899. [PMID: 38733852 PMCID: PMC11103574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) possess great potential in biomedical fields. Orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been used for the enhancement of fabrication of size-controllable genipin-crosslinked chitosan (chitosan-genipin) NPs based on the emulsion cross-linking (ECLK). Experiments have been performed using various plate geometries, chitosan molecular weight and under different operational parameters such as inlet pressure (1-3.5 bar), outlet pressure (0-1.5 bar) and cross-linking temperature (40-70 °C). Orifice plate geometry was a crucial factor affecting the properties of NPs, and the optimized geometry of orifice plate was with single hole of 3.0 mm diameter. The size of NPs with polydispersity index of 0.359 was 312.6 nm at an optimized inlet pressure of 3.0 bar, and the maximum production yield reached 84.82 %. Chitosan with too high or too low initial molecular weight (e.g., chitosan oligosaccharide) was not applicable for producing ultra-fine and narrow-distributed NPs. There existed a non-linear monotonically-increasing relationship between cavitation number (Cv) and chitosan NP size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test indicated that the prepared NPs were discrete with spherical shape. The study demonstrated the superiority of HC in reducing particle size and size distribution of NPs, and the energy efficiency of orifice type HC-processed ECLK was two orders of magnitude than that of ultrasonic horn or high shear homogenization-processed ECLK. In vitro drug-release studies showed that the fabricated NPs had great potential as a drug delivery system. The observations of this study can offer strong support for HC to enhance the fabrication of size-controllable chitosan-genipin NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jianbin Zheng
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Zicheng Liao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Lijin Lu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
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Zhang K, Xu Y, Lu L, Shi C, Huang Y, Mao Z, Duan C, Ren X, Guo Y, Huang C. Hydrodynamic cavitation: A feasible approach to intensify the emulsion cross-linking process for chitosan nanoparticle synthesis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 74:105551. [PMID: 33894557 PMCID: PMC8091060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit great potential in drug-controlled release systems. A controlled hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) technique was developed to intensify the emulsion crosslinking process for the synthesis of chitosan NPs. Experiments were performed using a circular venturi and under varying operating conditions, i.e., types of oil, addition mode of glutaraldehyde (Glu) solution, inlet pressure (Pin), and rheological properties of chitosan solution. Palm oil was more appropriate for use as the oil phase for the HC-intensified process than the other oil types. The addition mode of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion containing Glu (with Span 80) was more favorable than the other modes for obtaining a narrow distribution of chitosan NPs. The minimum size of NPs with polydispersity index of 0.342 was 286.5 nm, and the maximum production yield (Py) could reach 47.26%. A positive correlation was found between the size of NPs and the droplet size of W/O emulsion containing chitosan at increasing Pin. Particle size, size distribution, and the formation of NPs were greatly dependent on the rheological properties of the chitosan solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that the molecular structure of palm oil was unaffected by HC-induced effects. Compared with ultrasonic horn, stirring-based, and conventional drop-by-drop processes, the application of HC to intensify the emulsion crosslinking process allowed the preparation of a finer and a narrower distribution of chitosan NPs in a more energy-efficient manner. The novel route developed in this work is a viable option for chitosan NP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Lijin Lu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Changcan Shi
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Zhijuan Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Chao Duan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Xian'e Ren
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Chengdu Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou 545006, China
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