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Hernández-Fernández J, Martinez-Trespalacios J, Marquez E. Development of a Measurement System Using Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance, Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Intelligence for the Safe Quantification of the Nucleating Agent Sorbitol in Food Packaging. Foods 2024; 13:1200. [PMID: 38672873 PMCID: PMC11049462 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorbitol derivatives and other additives are commonly used in various products, such as packaging or food packaging, to improve their mechanical, physical, and optical properties. To accurately and precisely evaluate the efficacy of adding sorbitol-type nucleating agents to these articles, their quantitative determination is essential. This study systematically investigated the quantification of sorbitol-type nucleating agents in food packaging made from impact copolymers of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) together with analysis of principal components (PCA) and machine learning algorithms. The absorption spectra revealed characteristic bands corresponding to the C-O-C bond and hydroxyl groups attached to the cyclohexane ring of the molecular structure of sorbitol, providing crucial information for identifying and quantifying sorbitol derivatives. PCA analysis showed that with the selected FTIR spectrum range and only the first two components, 99.5% of the variance could be explained. The resulting score plot showed a clear pattern distinguishing different concentrations of the nucleating agent, affirming the predictability of concentrations based on an impact copolymer. The study then employed machine learning algorithms (NN, SVR) to establish prediction models, evaluating their quality using metrics such as RMSE, R2, and RMSECV. Hyperparameter optimization was performed, and SVR showed superior performance, achieving near-perfect predictions (R2 = 0.9999) with an RMSE of 0.100 for both calibration and prediction. The chosen SVR model features two hidden layers with 15 neurons each and uses the Adam algorithm, balanced precision, and computational efficiency. The innovative ATR-FTIR coupled SVR model presented a novel and rapid approach to accurately quantify sorbitol-type nucleating agents in polymer production processes for polymer research and in the analysis of nucleating agent derivatives. The analytical performance of this method surpassed traditional methods (PCR, NN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Hernández-Fernández
- Chemistry Program, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Chemical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Parque Industrial y Tecnológico Carlos Vélez Pombo, Km 1 Vía Turbaco, Turbaco 130001, Colombia;
| | - Jose Martinez-Trespalacios
- Chemical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Parque Industrial y Tecnológico Carlos Vélez Pombo, Km 1 Vía Turbaco, Turbaco 130001, Colombia;
- Facultad de Arquitectura e Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria Mayor de Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
| | - Edgar Marquez
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Química Y Biología, Departamento de Química Y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
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2
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Carmeli E, Ottonello S, Wang B, Menyhárd A, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Competing crystallization of α- and β-phase induced by β-nucleating agents in microdroplets of isotactic polypropylene. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of heterogeneously nucleated isotactic polypropylene microdroplets in an immiscible polystyrene matrix allows the estimation of intrinsic nucleating efficiency of nucleating agents promoting the formation of different polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021, Linz, Austria
| | - Sara Ottonello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Bao Wang
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alfréd Menyhárd
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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3
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Iwasaki S, Uchiyama Y, Tenma M, Yamaguchi M. Effect of Neutralizer on Transparency of Nucleating Agent-Containing Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050680. [PMID: 33668226 PMCID: PMC7956184 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of neutralizer species on the transparency of injection-molded plates were studied using isotactic polypropylene (PP) containing a crystal nucleating agent-i.e., 1,3:2,4-bis-o-(4-methylbenzylidene)-d-sorbitol (MDBS). A plate containing lithium stearate (StLi) was more transparent than one containing calcium stearate (StCa) when the MDBS content was 0.1 wt. %. The addition of StLi accelerated the formation of MDBS fibers and the crystallization of PP. However, when the MDBS content was 1.0 wt. %, StCa improved the transparency more effectively than StLi. These results indicate that the combination of an appropriate amount of MDBS and the correct neutralizer species is critical for enhancing the transparency of injection-molded PP plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Iwasaki
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan; (S.I.); (M.T.)
- Research & Development Department, Research & Development Division, New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd., 13 Yoshijima, Yaguracho, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-8224, Japan;
| | - Yohei Uchiyama
- Research & Development Department, Research & Development Division, New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd., 13 Yoshijima, Yaguracho, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-8224, Japan;
| | - Miwa Tenma
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan; (S.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan; (S.I.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-761-51-1621; Fax: +81-761-51-1149
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4
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Abreu AA, Talabi SI, Almeida Lucas A. Influence of nucleating agents on morphology and properties of injection‐molded polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Argani Abreu
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos São Carlos Brazil
- Technical Services and Development Braskem S.A., Rua Lemos Monteiro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Segun Isaac Talabi
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos São Carlos Brazil
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Alessandra Almeida Lucas
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos São Carlos Brazil
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5
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Yue Y, Yi J, Wang L, Feng J. Toward a More Comprehensive Understanding on the Structure Evolution and Assembly Formation of a Bisamide Nucleating Agent in Polypropylene Melt. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Yi
- Institution of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Institution of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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6
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Wilsens CHRM, Hawke LGD, de Kort GW, Saidi S, Roy M, Leoné N, Hermida-Merino D, Peters GWM, Rastogi S. Effect of Thermal History and Shear on the Viscoelastic Response of iPP Containing an Oxalamide-Based Organic Compound. Macromolecules 2019; 52:2789-2802. [PMID: 30983633 PMCID: PMC6459004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report on the role of temperature and shear on the melt behavior
of iPP in the presence of the organic compound N1,N1′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(N2-hexyloxalamide) (OXA3,6). It is demonstrated
that OXA3,6 facilitates a viscosity suppression when
it resides in the molten state. The viscosity suppression is attributed
to the interaction of iPP chains/subchains with molten OXA3,6 nanoclusters. The exact molecular mechanism has not
been identified; nevertheless, a tentative explanation is proposed.
The observed viscosity suppression appears similar to that encountered
in polymer melts filled with solid nanoparticles, with the difference
that the OXA3,6 compound reported in this study facilitates
the viscosity suppression in the molten state. Upon cooling, as crystal
growth of OXA3,6 progresses, the decrease in viscosity
is suppressed. Retrospectively, segmental absorption of iPP chains on the surface of micrometer-sized OXA3,6 crystallites
favors the formation of dangling arms, yielding OXA3,6 crystallites decorated with partially absorbed iPP chains. In other words, the resulting OXA3,6 particle
morphology resembles that of a hairy particle or a starlike polymer
chain. Such hairy particles effectively facilitate a viscosity enhancement,
similar to branched polymer chains. This hypothesis and its implications
for the shear behavior of iPP are discussed and supported
using plate–plate rheometry and slit-flow experiments combined
with small-angle X-ray scattering analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolus H R M Wilsens
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence G D Hawke
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs W de Kort
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Saidi
- LMOPS, EA 4423, Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec Metz, 2 rue Edouard Belin, F-57070 Metz, France.,Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Manta Roy
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Leoné
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gerrit W M Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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8
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Zhang YF, Zhou PZ, Mao JJ, Liu N. Influences of octamethylenedicarboxylic dibenzoylhydrazide on crystallization, melting behaviors, and properties of isotactic polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Wilsens CHRM, Hawke LGD, Troisi EM, Hermida-Merino D, de Kort G, Leoné N, Saralidze K, Peters GWM, Rastogi S. Effect of Self-Assembly of Oxalamide Based Organic Compounds on Melt Behavior, Nucleation, and Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2018; 51:4882-4895. [PMID: 30018462 PMCID: PMC6041772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report on the
effect of an aliphatic oxalamide based nucleating
agent (OXA3,6) on the melt and crystallization behavior
of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) under defined shear
conditions. Through polarized optical microscopy, we demonstrate that OXA3,6 self-assembles from the iPP melt into
rhombic crystals whereas their size and distribution proved highly
dependent on the employed cooling rates. The presence of 0.5 wt %
of OXA3,6 in iPP results in a significant
suppression in iPP melt viscosity, which could not
be explained via molecular modeling. A possible cause for the drop
in viscosity in the presence of OXA3,6 is attributed
to the interaction (absorption) of high molecular weight iPP chains with the nucleating agent, thereby suppressing their contribution
to the viscoelastic response of the melt. This proposed mechanism
for the suppression in melt viscosity appears similar to that encountered
by the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles such as CNTs, graphene,
and silica. Shear experiments, performed using a slit flow device
combined with small-angle X-ray diffraction measurements, indicate
that crystallization is significantly enhanced in the presence of OXA3,6 at relatively low shear rates despite its lowered sensitivity
to shear. This enhancement in crystallization is attributed to the
shear alignment of the rhombic OXA3,6 crystals that provide
surface for iPP kebab growth upon cooling. Overall,
the suppression in melt viscosity in combination with enhanced nucleation
efficiency at low as well as high shear rates makes this self-assembling
oxalamide based nucleating agent a promising candidate for fast processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolus H R M Wilsens
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence G D Hawke
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico M Troisi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gijs de Kort
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Leoné
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ketie Saralidze
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W M Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Schawe JEK, Budde F, Alig I. Non-isothermal crystallization of polypropylene with sorbitol-type nucleating agents at cooling rates used in processing. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Budde
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ingo Alig
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF; Darmstadt Germany
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11
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Preparation and nucleation effects of nucleating agent hexahydrophthalic acid metal salts for isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Nucleation efficiency of fillers in polymer crystallization studied by fast scanning calorimetry: Carbon nanotubes in polypropylene. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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The relationship between crystal structure and nucleation effect of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid tris(phenylamide) in isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Deshmukh YS, Wilsens CHRM, Leoné N, Portale G, Harings JAW, Rastogi S. Melt-Miscible Oxalamide Based Nucleating Agents and Their Nucleation Efficiency in Isotactic Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh S. Deshmukh
- Department
of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolus H. R. M. Wilsens
- Department
of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Leoné
- Department
of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jules A. W. Harings
- Department
of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Department
of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Fan J, Zhang Q, Hu D, Ren Q, Feng J. Relaxation behavior of shear-induced crystallization precursors in isotactic polypropylene containing sorbitol-based nucleating agents with different nucleating abilities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8926-37. [PMID: 26960681 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature of shear-induced crystallization precursors, especially their relaxation behaviour, is an important issue in polymer chemical physics. In our work, relaxation behavior of shear-induced crystallization precursors in isotactic polypropylene containing various sorbitol-based nucleating agents (NAs) with different nucleating abilities was investigated by using both rheological and in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods. Rheological crystallization kinetics results showed that the amount of shear-induced precursors, calculated separately from the total nuclei, decayed exponentially with relaxation time in both pure and nucleated iPP. By fitting the decay of shear-induced precursors with relaxation time, the relaxation rate of precursors in nucleated iPP was found to be slower than that in pure iPP. Interestingly, it further decreased with the increase in the nucleating ability of sorbitol-based NAs. Meanwhile, the life-time of precursors was prolonged in nucleated iPP with increasing nucleating ability. Similar results were also testified by in situ SAXS measurements. By investigating the life-times at different temperatures, the activation energy for the relaxation of precursors was calculated and found to increase with stronger nucleating abilities. Our results demonstrated that sorbitol-based NAs could stabilize the iPP precursors and the effect of stabilization enhanced with the increase in nucleating ability. We believe that our work can not only help better reveal the relaxation behavior of shear-induced precursors but also provides a new perspective for understanding the role of NAs in real processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Qinglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Dingding Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Qilin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Jiachun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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Guo C, Huo H. Poor solvent as a nucleating agent to induce poly(ε-caprolactone) ultrathin film crystallization on poly(vinylpyrrolidone) substrate. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Jia C, Liao X, Zhu J, An Z, Yang Q, Li G. Effective enhancement of the creep resistance in isotactic polypropylene by elevated concentrations of DMDBS. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method to improve the creep resistance of nucleated PP (polypropylene) by changing the crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jingjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhu An
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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18
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Effect of Different Nucleating Agents on the Crystallization of Ziegler-Natta Isotactic Polypropylene. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9839201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziegler-Natta isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was melt mixed with four different nucleating agents (carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanofibers (CNF), lithium benzoate (LiBe), and a sorbitol derivative (Millad)) in order to study their effect on the crystallization of iPP. It was found that the four different nucleating agents promote the alpha crystalline form. At 0.01 wt%, the carbon nanoparticles produced the higher crystallization temperature “Tc” (~119°C), whereas, at 0.10 wt%, LiBe and Millad produced a markedly higherTc(~125°C).Tcof pure iPP was 111°C. With 0.1 wt% nucleating agent, at 120°C, the crystallization half-life time of PP, when using LiBe or Millad, was 15 times faster than for pure PP, whereas, when using carbon nanoparticles, it was 20–25 times faster. At 135°C, with 0.01 wt% nucleating agent, the isothermal crystallization process of iPP was completed after 25 min, as well as with Millad. With LiBe, it was completed after just 15 min and, with any of the carbon nanoparticles, it was practically over after only a couple of minutes.
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Ma P, Deshmukh YS, Wilsens CH, Ryan Hansen M, Graf R, Rastogi S. Self-assembling process of Oxalamide compounds and their nucleation efficiency in bio-degradable Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13280. [PMID: 26290334 PMCID: PMC4642526 DOI: 10.1038/srep13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key requirements in semi-crystalline polyesters, synthetic or bio-based, is the control on crystallization rate and crystallinity. One of the limiting factors in the commercialization of the bio-based polyesters, for example polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized by bacteria for energy storage purposes, is the slow crystallization rate. In this study, we show that by tailoring the molecular structure of oxalamide compounds, it is possible to dissolve these compounds in molten poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), having a hydroxyvalerate co-monomer content of less than 2 mol%. Upon cooling the polymer melt, the homogeneously dispersed oxalamide compound crystallizes just below the melting temperature of the polymer. The phase-separated compound reduces the nucleation barrier of the polymer, thus enhancing the crystallization rate, nucleation density and crystallinity. The findings reported in this study provide a generic route for the molecular design of oxalamide-based compounds that can be used for enhancing nucleation efficiency of semi-crystalline bio-based polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piming Ma
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Yogesh S. Deshmukh
- Bio-Based Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Carolus H.R.M. Wilsens
- Bio-Based Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Science, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Science, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Bio-Based Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, England (UK)
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20
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Zhang YF, Guo LH, Chen H, Liu BB, Gu YH. Properties and Crystallization Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene Under Action of an Effective Nucleating Agent. J MACROMOL SCI B 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2015.1060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Menyhárd A, Bredács M, Simon G, Horváth Z. Determination of Nucleus Density in Semicrystalline Polymers from Nonisothermal Crystallization Curves. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfréd Menyhárd
- Laboratory
of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3. H/1, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute
of Materials Science and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center
for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok
körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Bredács
- Institute
of Materials Science and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center
for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok
körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Simon
- Institute
of Materials Science and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center
for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok
körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Horváth
- Laboratory
of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3. H/1, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute
of Materials Science and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center
for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok
körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Bhatia A, Jayaratne VN, Simon GP, Edward GH, Turney TW. Nucleation of isotactic polypropylene with metal monoglycerolates. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Qian W, Wang J, Liu S, Guo S, Lu Y, Lin H, Zheng D. A Nd-containing coordination ploymer: syntheses, crystal structure and application as a nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This coordination polymer can increase the overall crystallization rate and decrease the spherulite size of iPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Shudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Shaohui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Lu
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd
- Foshan 528521
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - De Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd
- Foshan 528521
- P. R. China
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24
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Sternbauer L, Dieplinger J, Buchberger W, Marosits E. Determination of nucleating agents in plastic materials by GC/MS after microwave-assisted extraction with in situ microwave-assisted derivatization. Talanta 2014; 128:63-8. [PMID: 25059131 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the analysis of sorbitol-based nucleating and clarifying agents (NCAs) used as additives for polyolefin-based materials by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), employing a highly reliable and efficient sample preparation methodology applying microwave irradiation. A derivatization by silylation of the analytes was done to improve the GC-suitability of the analytes. After successful optimization of the conditions for a microwave-assisted derivatization (MAD), the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of the analytes from polymer samples was investigated. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) turned out to be the best extraction solvent, as poorly soluble analytes show the highest solubility in this solvent and THF supports the silylation after extraction. This two-step approach and subsequent chromatographic determination resulted in reproducibilities from approximately 2% up to 6% and recoveries from 95.8% up to 104.2% in real samples. In order to reduce the number of sample preparation steps a one-step approach was investigated and optimized, in which MAE and MAD were carried out simultaneously. The developed procedure resulted in remarkably better repeatabilities ranging from 0.05% up to 4% and reproducibilities of up to 10%. The recoveries matched those obtained with the two-step process. Linearities could be achieved in both approaches with R(2) better than 0.99 for all selected analytes over two orders of magnitude. All data indicate the suitability of both presented methods for the reliable determination of sorbitol-based NCAs in polyolefin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sternbauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Johanna Dieplinger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Buchberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Edit Marosits
- Anton Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Strasse 20, 8054 Graz, Austria
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25
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Horváth Z, Menyhárd A, Doshev P, Gahleitner M, Vörös G, Varga J, Pukánszky B. Effect of the molecular structure of the polymer and nucleation on the optical properties of polypropylene homo- and copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7456-7463. [PMID: 24694097 DOI: 10.1021/am5008535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two soluble nucleating agents were used to modify the optical properties of nine PP homo- and random copolymers. The ethylene content of the polymers changed between 0 and 5.3 wt %. Chain regularity was characterized by the stepwise isothermal segregation technique (SIST), while optical properties by the measurement of the haze of injection molded samples. Crystallization and melting characteristics were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The analysis of the results proved that lamella thickness and change in crystallinity influence haze only slightly. A model was introduced which describes quantitatively the dependence of nucleation efficiency and haze on the concentration of the nucleating agent. The model assumes that the same factors influence the peak temperature of crystallization and optical properties. The analysis of the results proved that the assumption is valid under the same crystallization conditions. The parameters of the model depend on the molecular architecture of the polymer. Chain regularity determines supermolecular structure and thus the dependence of optical properties on nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Horváth
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , H-1521 Budapest, P.O. Box 91, Hungary
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26
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Fu T, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang T, Gao X. Suppression of the Skin-Core Structure of Injection-Molded Polypropylene Part: Role of Balance Effect Caused by the Incorporation of Glass Fiber. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.861318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Sreenivas K, Pol HV, Kumaraswamy G. The influence of DMDBS on the morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene cast films. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Sun M, Gao D, Zhang H, Zou H, Xu M, Zhang S, Li J, Liu J. Toughening effects of nucleating agent on impact polypropylene copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Sun
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Gao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
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29
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Horváth Z, Gyarmati B, Menyhárd A, Doshev P, Gahleitner M, Varga J, Pukánszky B. The role of solubility and critical temperatures for the efficiency of sorbitol clarifiers in polypropylene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01917b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Effects of nucleating agent 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid tris(cyclohexylamide) on properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Liu H, Huo H. Competitive growth of α- and β-crystals in isotactic polypropylene with versatile nucleating agents under shear flow. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Katsuno S, Yoshinaga M, Kitade S, Sanada Y, Akiba I, Sakurai K, Masunaga H. Crystallization kinetics of polypropylene containing a sorbitol nucleating agent. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Naffakh M, Marco C, Ellis G. Novel Polypropylene/Inorganic Fullerene-like WS2 Nanocomposites Containing a β-Nucleating Agent: Isothermal Crystallization and Melting Behavior. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1788-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2099703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Naffakh
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Marco
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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34
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Su JJ, Yang GH, Geng CZ, Deng H, Wang K, Fu Q. The variable role of clay on the crystallization behavior of DMDBS-nucleated polypropylene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Naffakh M, Marco C, Ellis G. Novel Polypropylene/Inorganic Fullerene-like WS2 Nanocomposites Containing a β-Nucleating Agent: Dynamic Crystallization and Melting Behavior. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10836-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2058194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Naffakh
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Marco
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Balzano L, Rastogi S, Peters G. Self-Nucleation of Polymers with Flow: The Case of Bimodal Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102662p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Balzano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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37
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Sreenivas K, Basargekar R, Kumaraswamy G. Phase Separation of DMDBS from PP: Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight and Tacticity. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200035s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sreenivas
- Complex Fluids and Polymer Engineering, National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune-411008, India
| | - Rajeev Basargekar
- Complex Fluids and Polymer Engineering, National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune-411008, India
| | - Guruswamy Kumaraswamy
- Complex Fluids and Polymer Engineering, National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune-411008, India
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38
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Effect of final heating temperature on crystallization of isotactic polypropylene nucleated with an aryl amide derivative as β-form nucleating agent. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Naffakh M, Remškar M, Marco C, Gómez-Fatou MA, Jiménez I. Towards a new generation of polymer nanocomposites based on inorganic nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Zhang YF, Chang Y, Li X, Xie D. Nucleation Effects of a Novel Nucleating Agent Bicyclic [2,2,1] Heptane Di-carboxylate in Isotactic Polypropylene. J MACROMOL SCI B 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222341003648995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Fei Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Yao Chang
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Xun Li
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xie
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
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41
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Zhang YF, Luo XZ, Chang Y, Zhou T. Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene with and without 1,3:2,4-Bis(3,4-Dimethylbenzylidene) Sorbitol as a Nucleating Agent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2010.510111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Abraham F, Ganzleben S, Hanft D, Smith P, Schmidt HW. Synthesis and Structure-Efficiency Relations of 1,3,5-Benzenetrisamides as Nucleating Agents and Clarifiers for Isotactic Poly(propylene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Zhang YF, Li X, Wei XS. Isothermal Crystallization Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene Nucleated with Nucleating Agent Bicyclic [2,2,1] heptane di-carboxylate. J MACROMOL SCI B 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340903275693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Fei Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Xun Li
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Shan Wei
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha, China
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44
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Menyhárd A, Gahleitner M, Varga J, Bernreitner K, Jääskeläinen P, Øysæd H, Pukánszky B. The influence of nucleus density on optical properties in nucleated isotactic polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Li X, Zhang YF, Xie D. Effects of Bicyclic [2,2,1] Heptane Di-carboxylate on Properties, Crystallization, and Melting Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10236660903086888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Zhao S, Xin Z. Crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene nucleated with organic dicarboxylic acid salts. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Bernland K, Tervoort T, Smith P. Phase behavior and optical- and mechanical properties of the binary system isotactic polypropylene and the nucleating/clarifying agent 1,2,3-trideoxy-4,6:5,7-bis-O-[(4-propylphenyl) methylene]-nonitol. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Dou Q, Wang J. Study on transparent poly(propylene) nucleated by the “in situ” reaction products of dehydroabietic acid and sodium stearate. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Wang J, Dou Q. Polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene blends: Morphology, crystal structure, optical, and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Cai Z, Zhao S, Shen B, Xin Z. The effect of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate on the mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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