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A Comparative Review of Natural and Synthetic Biopolymer Composite Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071105. [PMID: 33808492 PMCID: PMC8037451 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine integrate information and technology from various fields to restore/replace tissues and damaged organs for medical treatments. To achieve this, scaffolds act as delivery vectors or as cellular systems for drugs and cells; thereby, cellular material is able to colonize host cells sufficiently to meet up the requirements of regeneration and repair. This process is multi-stage and requires the development of various components to create the desired neo-tissue or organ. In several current TE strategies, biomaterials are essential components. While several polymers are established for their use as biomaterials, careful consideration of the cellular environment and interactions needed is required in selecting a polymer for a given application. Depending on this, scaffold materials can be of natural or synthetic origin, degradable or nondegradable. In this review, an overview of various natural and synthetic polymers and their possible composite scaffolds with their physicochemical properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, morphology, mechanical strength, pore size, and porosity are discussed. The scaffolds fabrication techniques and a few commercially available biopolymers are also tabulated.
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Design and structure of catalysts: syntheses of carbon dioxide-based copolymers with cyclic anhydrides and/or cyclic esters. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hao Y, Yang H, Zhang H, Zhang G, Bai Y, Gao G, Dong L. Effect of an eco-friendly plasticizer on rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate). Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sudakar P, Sivanesan D, Yoon S. Copolymerization of Epichlorohydrin and CO
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Using Zinc Glutarate: An Additional Application of ZnGA in Polycarbonate Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:788-93. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban Sudakar
- Department of Bio & Nano Chemistry Kookmin University 861‐1 Jeongneung‐dong, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 136‐702 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sungho Yoon
- Department of Bio & Nano Chemistry Kookmin University 861‐1 Jeongneung‐dong, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 136‐702 Republic of Korea
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Liao J, Li Y, Zou Q, Duan X, Yang Z, Xie Y, Liu H. Preparation, characterization and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/polypropylene carbonate biocomposite. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:285-91. [PMID: 27040221 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) was used to make a composite materials by a coprecipitation method. The physical and chemical properties of the composite were tested. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicated that the biomimetic n-HA crystals were uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. As the n-HA content increased in the composite, the fracture mechanism of the composites changes from gliding fracture to gliding and brittle fracture. Furthermore, the chemical interaction between inorganic n-HA and polypropylene carbonate was also investigated and discussed in detail. The hydrogen bonds might be formed between -OH/CO3(2-) of n-HA crystal and the ester group (-COO-) of PPC. The tensile strength of n-HA/PPC (40/60) was similar to that of the cancellous bone, and reached ca 58 MPa. The osteoblasts were cultured for up to 7 days, and then the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts were measured by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry assay and SEM. The cells proliferated, grew normally in fusiform shape and well attached. The in vitro test confirmed that the n-HA/PPC composites were biocompatible and showed undetectable negative effect on osteoblasts. In vivo implantation of the composite in New Zealand white rabbits was performed. It can stimulate the growth of a new bone, and at the same time the material begins to degrade. These results suggested that the composite may be suitable for the reparation or replacement of bone defects and possessed the potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Yanqun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingze Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhengpeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yufen Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Haohuai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Manavitehrani I, Fathi A, Badr H, Daly S, Negahi Shirazi A, Dehghani F. Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polyesters. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E20. [PMID: 30979116 PMCID: PMC6432531 DOI: 10.3390/polym8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus in the field of biomedical engineering has shifted in recent years to biodegradable polymers and, in particular, polyesters. Dozens of polyester-based medical devices are commercially available, and every year more are introduced to the market. The mechanical performance and wide range of biodegradation properties of this class of polymers allow for high degrees of selectivity for targeted clinical applications. Recent research endeavors to expand the application of polymers have been driven by a need to target the general hydrophobic nature of polyesters and their limited cell motif sites. This review provides a comprehensive investigation into advanced strategies to modify polyesters and their clinical potential for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Manavitehrani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Ali Fathi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Hesham Badr
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Sean Daly
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Ali Negahi Shirazi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Barreto C, Hansen E, Fredriksen S. Novel solventless purification of poly(propylene carbonate): Tailoring the composition and thermal properties of PPC. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang Z, Lee JH, Lee SH, Heo SB, Pittman CU. Morphology, thermal stability and rheology of poly(propylene carbonate)/organoclay nanocomposites with different pillaring agents. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lim SK, Jang SG, Lee SI, Lee KH, Chin IJ. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) foams. Macromol Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang XL, Du FG, Jiao J, Meng YZ, Li RKY. Preparation and properties of biodegradable polymeric blends from poly(propylene carbonate) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol). J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 83:373-9. [PMID: 17415767 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable blends of poly(propylene carbonate)/ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (PPC/EVOH) were melt prepared. The mechanical strength, crystallization and melting behavior, morphologies, and thermal properties of these blends were fully investigated using tensile tester, modulated differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results indicated that the thermal stability of blends could be enhanced by increasing EVOH content. No change was observed for the tensile strength when EVOH content was lower than 30 wt %. The tensile strength, however, increased obviously with increasing EVOH content when EVOH content was higher than 30 wt %. The crystallization behavior of the PPC/EVOH blends was studied accordingly. The degradability test showed that the weight loss of PPC/EVOH blends increased with increasing EVOH content because of the strong moisture sorption of EVOH. Morphology observation indicated that the PPC/EVOH blends exhibited a two-phase microstructure. The blends with EVOH contents ranging from 40 to 60 wt % showed the best comprehensive properties as biodegradable thermoplastic for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Institute of Optoelectronic and Functional Composite Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Foaming and chain extension of completely biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate) using DPT as blowing agent. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-007-9103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Preparation of poly(propylene carbonate)/organo-vermiculite nanocomposites via direct melt intercalation. Eur Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Guan L, Xiao M, Meng Y, Li R. Chemically foaming of biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate) derived from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. POLYM ENG SCI 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li XH, Meng YZ, Wang SJ, Rajulu AV, Tjong SC. Completely biodegradable composites of poly(propylene carbonate) and short, lignocellulose fiber Hildegardia populifolia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li XH, Meng YZ, Chen GQ, Li RKY. Thermal properties and rheological behavior of biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate derived from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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