1
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Schaible T, Bonten C. Prediction of the Bubble Growth Behavior by Means of the Time-, Temperature-, Pressure- and Blowing Agent Concentration-Dependent Transient Elongational Viscosity Function of Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1213. [PMID: 38732682 PMCID: PMC11085101 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bubble growth processes are highly complex processes, which are not only dependent on the foaming process parameters (temperature, pressure and blowing agent concentration) but also on the type and structure of the polymer used. Since the elongational viscosity at the bubble wall during bubble growth also depends on these influencing factors, the so-called transient elongational viscosity plays a key role in describing the gas bubble growth behavior in polymer melts. The model-based description of the transient elongational viscosity function is difficult due to its dependence on time, Hencky strain and strain rate. Therefore, representative viscosities or shear viscosity models are usually used in the literature to predict the bubble growth behavior. In this work, the transient equibiaxial elongational viscosity function at the bubble wall during bubble growth is described holistically for the first time. This is achieved by extending the so-called molecular stress function (MSF) model by superposition principles (temperature, pressure and blowing agent concentration) and by using the elongational deformation behavior (Hencky strain and strain rate) at the bubble wall during the initial, and thus viscosity-driven, bubble growth process. Therefore, transient uniaxial elongational viscosity measurements are performed and the non-linear MSF model parameters of the two investigated polymers PS (linear polymer chains) and PLA (long-chain branched polymer chains) are determined. By applying the superposition principles and by changing the strain mode parameter to the equibiaxial case in the MSF model, the transient equibiaxial viscosity master curve is obtained and used to describe the bubble growth process. The results show that the extended MSF model can fully predict the transient equibiaxial elongational viscosity function at the bubble wall during bubble growth processes. The bubble growth behavior over time can then be realistically described using the defined transient equibiaxial elongational viscosity function at the bubble wall. This is not possible, for example, with a representative viscosity and therefore clearly demonstrates the influence and importance of knowing the transient deformation behavior that prevails at the bubble wall during bubble growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schaible
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
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2
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Roberts NM, Sharp JS. Piezoelectric excitation and acoustic detection of thin film polymer membrane vibrations. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014802. [PMID: 38366513 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A simple method of measuring the vibrational response of a thin film membrane was developed. Piezoelectric excitation and acoustic detection (using a microphone) allowed the vibrational spectra of thin membranes to be measured in the kHz range. Vibrational frequencies were used to determine Young's modulus in thin (µm) solvent tensioned films of polydimethylsiloxane and to measure tension in ultrathin polystyrene films. Simulations of membrane motion generated vibrational spectra that agreed with the results of experiments for different membrane shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Roberts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharp
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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3
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Hervàs-Arnandis S, Palomar-de Lucas B, Bilanin C, Mingueza-Verdejo P, Viciano M, Oliver-Meseguer J, Leyva-Pérez A. Functionalization of polyethylene with hydrolytically-stable ester groups. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23859-23869. [PMID: 37577098 PMCID: PMC10413336 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density (LD) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), recycled or not, incorporates up to 7 wt% of ester groups after reacting either with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) under catalytic and solvent free-reaction conditions, or with maleic anhydride (MA) and acrylates (AC) under catalytic radical conditions. The resulting upcycled polyethylene esters are hydrolytically stable at extreme pH (0-14) and can be further transformed into carboxylic acids, carboxylates, other esters and amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Hervàs-Arnandis
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Brenda Palomar-de Lucas
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Cristina Bilanin
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Paloma Mingueza-Verdejo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Mónica Viciano
- AIMPLAS, València Parc Tecnològic C/Gustave Eiffel, 4 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - Judit Oliver-Meseguer
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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4
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Influence of the molecular weight and physical properties of a thermoplastic polymer on its dynamic wetting behavior. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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5
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Jamarani R, Halloran MW, Panchal K, Garcia‐Valdez O, Mafi R, Nicell JA, Leask RL, Marić M. Additives to prevent the formation of surface defects during poly(vinyl chloride) calendering. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Jamarani
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | | | | | - Omar Garcia‐Valdez
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
- GreenCentre Canada Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Roozbeh Mafi
- Canadian General‐Tower Ltd Cambridge Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - James A. Nicell
- Department of Civil Engineering & Applied Mechanics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Richard L. Leask
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
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6
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Liao WJ, Chu KC, Tsao YH, Tsao HK, Sheng YJ. Size-dependence and interfacial segregation in nanofilms and nanodroplets of homologous polymer blends. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21801-21808. [PMID: 32966433 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The size-dependent behavior of nanofilms and nanodroplets of homologous polymer blends was explored by many-body dissipative particle dynamics. Although a homologous blend can be regarded as a completely miscible and athermal system, enrichment of the surface in short polymers always takes place. First, liquid-gas and solid-liquid interfacial tensions of polymer melts were acquired. It is found that they increase and approach asymptotes with increasing chain lengths. The molecular weight dependence can be depicted using two semi-empirical expressions. Second, the variation of surface tension and surface excess of polymer blend nanofilms with the thickness was observed. Surface tension of the blend is observed to increase but the extent of surface segregation decreases upon increasing the film thickness. Finally, the wetting phenomenon of nanodroplets of homologous blends was examined. The contact angle is found to increase as the droplet size is reduced. Our simulation results indicate that the size-dependence of nanofilms and nanodroplets is closely related to surface segregation in homologous blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Liao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kang-Ching Chu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hao Tsao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Heng-Kwong Tsao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China. and Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jane Sheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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7
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Wang Z, Wu T, Wang Z, Zhang T, Chen M, Zhang J, Liu L, Qi M, Zhang Q, Yang J, Liu W, Chen H, Luo Y, Wei L. Designer patterned functional fibers via direct imprinting in thermal drawing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3842. [PMID: 32737320 PMCID: PMC7395721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating micro/nanostructures on fibers is beneficial for extending the application range of fiber-based devices. To achieve this using thermal fiber drawing is particularly important for the mass production of longitudinally uniform fibers up to tens of kilometers. However, the current thermal fiber drawing technique can only fabricate one-directional micro/nano-grooves longitudinally due to structure elongation and polymer reflow. Here, we develop a direct imprinting thermal drawing (DITD) technique to achieve arbitrarily designed surface patterns on entire fiber surfaces with high resolution in all directions. Such a thermal imprinting process is simulated and confirmed experimentally. Key process parameters are further examined, showing a process feature size as small as tens of nanometers. Furthermore, nanopatterns are fabricated on fibers as plasmonic metasurfaces, and double-sided patterned fibers are produced to construct self-powered wearable touch sensing fabric, revealing the bright future of the DITD technology in multifunctional fiber-based devices, wearable electronics, and smart textiles. Creating micro/nanostructures on fibers is beneficial to many fiber-based devices, which remains a challenge in large-scale fabrication due to elongation and reflow. Here, the authors demonstrate a method for generating high-resolution, arbitrarily designed surface patterns on fiber during the thermal drawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tingting Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Miao Qi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qichong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiao Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haisheng Chen
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. .,CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
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8
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Liao G, Xiao Z, Chen X, Du C, Zhong L, Cheung CS, Gao H. Fast and Regioselective Polymerization of para-Alkoxystyrene by Palladium Catalysts for Precision Production of High-Molecular-Weight Polystyrene Derivatives. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zefan Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liu Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chi Shing Cheung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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9
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Influences of Nanostructure Shape, Interfacial Adhesion Energy, and Mold Insert Material on the Demolding Process of Micro-Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101573. [PMID: 31569639 PMCID: PMC6836263 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In micro-injection molding, the interaction between the polymer and the mold insert has an important effect on demolding quality of nanostructure. An all-atom molecular dynamics simulation method was performed to study the effect of nanostructure shape, interfacial adhesion energy, and mold insert material on demolding quality of nanostructures. The deformation behaviors of nanostructures were analyzed by calculating the non-bonded interaction energies, the density distributions, the radii of gyration, the potential energies, and the snapshots of the demolding stage. The nanostructure shape had a direct impact on demolding quality. When the contact areas were the same, the nanostructure shape did not affect the non-bonded interaction energy at PP-Ni interface. During the demolding process, the radii of gyration of molecular chains were greatly increased, and the overall density was decreased significantly. After assuming that the mold insert surface was coated with an anti-stick coating, the surface burrs, the necking, and the stretching of nanostructures were significantly reduced after demolding. The deformation of nanostructures in the Ni and Cu mold inserts were more serious than that of the Al2O3 and Si mold inserts. In general, this study would provide theoretical guidance for the design of nanostructure shape and the selection of mold insert material.
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10
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Leal AA, Neururer OA, Bian A, Gooneie A, Rupper P, Masania K, Dransfeld C, Hufenus R. Interfacial interactions in bicomponent polymer fibers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Helal E, Pottier C, David E, Fréchette M, Demarquette N. Polyethylene/thermoplastic elastomer/Zinc Oxide nanocomposites for high voltage insulation applications: Dielectric, mechanical and rheological behavior. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Chan Park S, Kim MJ, Choi K, Kim J, Choi SO. Influence of shell compositions of solution blown PVP/PCL core–shell fibers on drug release and cell growth. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32470-32480. [PMID: 35547679 PMCID: PMC9086270 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a facile means of controlling drug release is of utmost interest in drug delivery systems. In this study, core–shell structured nanofibers containing a water-soluble porogen were fabricated via solution blow spinning, to be used as drug-loaded bioactive tissue scaffolds. Hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were chosen to produce the core and the shell compartments of the fiber, respectively. In the core, a hydrophilic sulforhodamine B (SRB) dye was loaded as a model drug. In the PCL shell, two kinds of PVP with different molecular weights (40 kDa and 1300 kDa) were added, and the influence of PVP leaching on the SRB release and cell growth was investigated. The monolithic PCL-shelled fibers displayed a sustained SRB release with a weak burst effect. The addition of PVP in the shell induced a phase separation, forming microscale PVP domains. The PVP domain, acting as a porogen, was leached out in the medium and, as a result, the burst release of SRB was promoted. This burst effect was more prominent with the lower molecular weight PVP. The biocompatibility of the core–shell fibers was evaluated with human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) by a cell viability assay and microscopic observation of cell proliferation. The HEK cells on fibers with a PVP/PCL composite shell formed self-assembled spherical clusters, displaying higher cell viability and proliferation than those on the monolithic PCL-shelled fibers that induced HEK cell growth in two-dimensional monolayers. The results demonstrate that the presence of hydrophilic porogens on tissue scaffolds can accelerate drug release and enhance cell proliferation by increasing surface wettability, roughness and porosity. The findings of this study provide a basic insight into the construction of bioactive three-dimensional tissue scaffolds. The presence of hydrophilic porogens on the surface of core–shell fibers can accelerate drug release and enhance cell proliferation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Chan Park
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - Kyoungju Choi
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Department of Textiles
- Merchandising and Fashion Design
- College of Human Ecology
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
| | - Seong-O Choi
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology
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13
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Lindner M, Rodler N, Jesdinszki M, Schmid M, Sängerlaub S. Surface energy of corona treated PP, PE and PET films, its alteration as function of storage time and the effect of various corona dosages on their bond strength after lamination. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lindner
- TUM School of Life Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising 85354 Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Norbert Rodler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Marius Jesdinszki
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Markus Schmid
- TUM School of Life Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising 85354 Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Sven Sängerlaub
- TUM School of Life Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising 85354 Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising 85354 Germany
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14
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Yazıcı DT, Çetinkaya H, Şölener M, Albayrak A. Analyzing the surface properties of acrylic-based water-soluble polymers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2017.1326204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayrullah Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Musa Şölener
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Adile Albayrak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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15
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Surface Characterization of Polymer Blends by XPS and ToF-SIMS. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080655. [PMID: 28773777 PMCID: PMC5509266 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of polymer blends are important for many industrial applications. The physical and chemical properties at the surface of polymer blends can be drastically different from those in the bulk due to the surface segregation of the low surface energy component. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) have been widely used to characterize surface and bulk properties. This review provides a brief introduction to the principles of XPS and ToF-SIMS and their application to the study of the surface physical and chemical properties of polymer blends.
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16
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Salehiyan R, Song HY, Kim M, Choi WJ, Hyun K. Morphological Evaluation of PP/PS Blends Filled with Different Types of Clays by Nonlinear Rheological Analysis. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Salehiyan
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46269, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Yong Song
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46269, South Korea
| | - Mingeun Kim
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46269, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- Chemical
Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46269, South Korea
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17
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Abdolrasouli MH, Nazockdast H, Sadeghi GMM, Kaschta J. Morphology development, melt linear viscoelastic properties and crystallinity of polylactide/polyethylene/organoclay blend nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Nazockdast
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Gity Mir Mohamad Sadeghi
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Joachim Kaschta
- Institute of Polymer Materials (LSP); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
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18
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Ding J, Ma W, Song F, Zhong Q. Foaming of polypropylene with supercritical carbon dioxide: An experimental and theoretical study on a new process. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing; Jiangsu; 210094; People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing; Jiangsu; 210094; People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiao Song
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing; Jiangsu; 210094; People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing; Jiangsu; 210094; People's Republic of China
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19
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Labet M, Thielemans W. Citric acid as a benign alternative to metal catalysts for the production of cellulose-grafted-polycaprolactone copolymers. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Thomas KR, Chenneviere A, Reiter G, Steiner U. Nonequilibrium behavior of thin polymer films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:021804. [PMID: 21405856 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.021804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The rheological behavior of 100-nm-thick polystyrene films cast from various solvents was examined using an electric field to weakly perturb the free surface of the polymer melt. The effective viscosity and residual stresses of the as-spun films are seen to strongly depend on the properties of the casting solvent and the solvent quality. Both effects are explained in terms of the coil dimension at the solvent-polymer composition at which the film vitrifies. The more compact chains in a near-Θ-solvent are less entangled and less deformed when quenched to the dry melt compared to the more swollen chains in an athermal solution. Despite chain conformations that are further from equilibrium for the Θ-solvent cast chains, these films have reduced stored stresses compared to the chains cast in films from athermal solvents. A more detailed analysis of the data suggests that the formation of a surface-near region with more strongly deformed chains during spin coating. Since thermal equilibration of spin-cast high-molecular-weight films is unpractical, solvent vapor annealing was used to equilibrate films on timescale of a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Pfefferkorn D, Sonntag S, Kyeremateng SO, Funke Z, Kammer HW, Kressler J. Pressure-volume-temperature data and surface tension of blends of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl acrylate) in the melt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dietzel M, Troian SM. Formation of nanopillar arrays in ultrathin viscous films: the critical role of thermocapillary stresses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:074501. [PMID: 19792647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.074501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Experiments by several groups during the past decade have shown that a molten polymer nanofilm subject to a large transverse thermal gradient undergoes spontaneous formation of periodic nanopillar arrays. The prevailing explanation is that coherent reflections of acoustic phonons within the film cause a periodic modulation of the radiation pressure which enhances pillar growth. By exploring a deformational instability of particular relevance to nanofilms, we demonstrate that thermocapillary forces play a crucial role in the formation process. Analytic and numerical predictions show good agreement with the pillar spacings obtained in experiment. Simulations of the interface equation further determine the rate of pillar growth of importance to technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dietzel
- California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 128-95, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Stoeffler K, Lafleur PG, Denault J. The effect of clay dispersion on the properties of LLDPE/LLDPE-g-MAH/montmorillonite nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pericet-Camara R, Bonaccurso E, Graf K. Microstructuring of Polystyrene Surfaces with Nonsolvent Sessile Droplets. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1738-46. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cai Y, Newby BMZ. Dewetting of polystyrene thin films on poly(ethylene glycol)-modified surfaces as a simple approach for patterning proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5202-5208. [PMID: 18407678 DOI: 10.1021/la703923z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple technique for patterning proteins utilizing dewetted polystyrene (PS) droplets is demonstrated. A polystyrene thin film was spin coated on a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) silane-modified surface. As the PS film dewets from the surface, upon annealing, to form droplets, the PEG-silane-modified surface is exposed, which retains its capability to resist protein adsorption, and the PS droplets allow the selective adsorption of proteins. In contrast to the undewetted flat PS film, the droplet surface had a greater amount of adsorbed proteins. Atomic force microscopy scans reveal that the roughness of the droplet surface is higher, and a multilayer of proteins results on the droplet surface. Moreover, micro- and nanoscale droplet patterns can easily be achieved by tuning the thickness of PS thin films. Because dewetting approaches for generating ordered dewetting droplets have been successfully generated by others, those approaches could be easily combined with this technique to fabricate ordered protein patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjun Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA
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Nagai Y, Smith RL, Inomata H, Arai K. Direct observation of polyvinylchloride degradation in water at temperatures up to 500°C and at pressures up to 700 MPa. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dominik A, Tripathi S, Chapman WG. Bulk and Interfacial Properties of Polymers from Interfacial SAFT Density Functional Theory. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dominik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 S. Main, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Sandeep Tripathi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 S. Main, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Walter G. Chapman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 S. Main, Houston, Texas 77005
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Erichsen J, Kanzow J, Schürmann U, Dolgner K, Günther-Schade K, Strunskus T, Zaporojtchenko V, Faupel F. Investigation of the Surface Glass Transition Temperature by Embedding of Noble Metal Nanoclusters into Monodisperse Polystyrenes. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0353080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Erichsen
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörn Kanzow
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schürmann
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Dolgner
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Günther-Schade
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vladimir Zaporojtchenko
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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Guschl PC, Otaigbe JU. Experimental observation and prediction of interfacial tension and viscoelastic emulsion model behavior in novel phosphate glass-polymer hybrids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 266:82-92. [PMID: 12957585 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial tension of hybrids composed of a tin-based phosphate glass (Pglass) and thermoplastic polymers, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) was investigated using pendant drop and droplet deformation methods. High surface tension values were determined for the pure Pglass and subsequently used to obtain interfacial tension values that were found to be greater than that of most polymer blends reported in the literature. Small amplitude oscillatory shear data were fitted to the Choi-Schowalter and Palierne emulsion models in order to estimate the interfacial tension and to validate the accuracy (or lack thereof) of using a polymer emulsion model on the special Pglass-polymer systems. Although some of the hybrids showed satisfactory agreement with the emulsion models, wide ranges of interfacial tensions were obtained, suggesting that a more complicated theory that explicitly takes the Pglass-polymer interactions, shape factor, and size distributions of the dispersed Pglass phase into account may be necessary for more accurate modeling of these special hybrid systems with enhanced benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Guschl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Moreira JC, Demarquette NR, Shimizu RN, Samara MK, Kamal MR. Influência da temperatura, da massa molar e da distribuição de massa molar na tensão superficial de PS, PP e PE: experimento e teoria. POLIMEROS 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282003000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neste trabalho a influência da temperatura, da massa molar (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/po/v13n1/15069x34.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=11>n) e da distribuição de massa molar (MWD) na tensão superficial de poliestireno (PS) foi avaliada utilizando o método da gota pendente. A influência da temperatura na tensão superficial de polipropileno isotático (i-PP) e de polietileno de baixa densidade (PELBD) também foi estudada aqui. As teorias de Patterson-Rastogi e Dee-Sauer foram utilizadas em conjunção com a teoria de equação de estado de Flory, Orwoll, e Vrij (FOV) para prever a tensão superficial (gama) utilizando dados de pressão-volume-temperatura (PVT) dos polímeros. Ambas teorias prevêem que a tensão superficial diminui linearmente com o aumento da temperatura e aumenta com a massa molar concordando com os resultados experimentais. Entretanto, ambas teorias subestimam a mudança de entropia de formação de superfície por unidade de área a volume constante para sistemas poliméricos de baixa massa molar e polidisperso e subestimam o efeito da distribuição de massa molar na tensão superficial
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