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Ahmad A, Hassan A, Roy PG, Zhou S, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Kanwal F, Begum R, Farooqi ZH. Recent developments in chitosan based microgels and their hybrids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129409. [PMID: 38224801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan based microgels have gained great attention because of their chemical stability, biocompatibility, easy functionalization and potential uses in numerous fields. Production, properties, characterization and applications of chitosan based microgels have been systematically reviewed in this article. Some of these systems exhibit responsive behavior towards external stimuli like pH, light, temperature, glucose, etc. in terms of swelling/deswelling in an aqueous medium depending upon the functionalities present in the network which makes them a potential candidate for various applications in the fields of biomedicine, agriculture, catalysis, sensing and nanotechnology. Current research development and critical overview in this field accompanying by future possibilities is presented. The discussion is concluded with recommended possible future works for further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmad
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Hassan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Prashun Ghosh Roy
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Shuiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Kanwal
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Zahoor H Farooqi
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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Arriagada F, Günther G, Morales J. Nanoantioxidant-Based Silica Particles as Flavonoid Carrier for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E302. [PMID: 32224905 PMCID: PMC7238062 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosystems used in pharmaceutical formulations have shown promising results in enhancing the administration of drugs of difficult formulations. In particular, porous silica nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent properties for application in biological systems; however, there are still several challenges related to the development of more effective and biocompatible materials. An interesting approach to enhance these nanomaterials has been the development of nanoantioxidant carriers. In this work, a hybrid nanoantioxidant carrier based on porous silica nanoplatform with rosmarinic acid antioxidant immobilized on its surface were developed and characterized. Techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) assay were used to characterize and evaluate the antioxidant activity of nanocarriers. In addition, drug release profile was evaluated using two biorelevant media. The antioxidant activity of rosmarinic acid was maintained, suggesting the correct disposition of the moiety. Kinetic studies reveal that more morin is released in the simulated intestinal fluid than in the gastric one, while an anomalous non-Fickian release mechanism was observed. These results suggest a promising antioxidant nanocarrier suitable for future application in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110033 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Germán Günther
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494 Santiago, Chile;
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Caccavo D. An overview on the mathematical modeling of hydrogels' behavior for drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:175-190. [PMID: 30763681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels-based systems (HBSs) for drug delivery are nowadays extensively used and the interest in modeling their behavior is dramatically increasing. In this review a critical overview on the modeling approaches is given, quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing the publications on the subject, the trend of the publications per year and the type of modeling approaches. It was found that, despite the drug release fitting models (i.e. Higuchi's equation) are the most abundant, their use for HBSs is decreasing in the last years and luckily, considering the limiting assumption on which they were built, they will be confined to simple mathematical fitting equations. Within the mechanistic models the "multi-component" with the swelling approximation (mass transport only) and with the mechanics (fully coupled) are experiencing the highest growth rate, with much more interest toward the last one that, in the next years could be able to provide a first principles model. Statistical models, especially based on the response surface methodology, are rapidly spreading in the scientific community mainly thanks to their ability to be predictive, regardless of the phenomenology, in the analyzed design space with very low efforts. Neural Networks models for HBSs, in countertrend with their use in the pharmaceutical industry, have never take off preferring less data demanding statistical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Caccavo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Camerin F, Gnan N, Rovigatti L, Zaccarelli E. Modelling realistic microgels in an explicit solvent. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14426. [PMID: 30258102 PMCID: PMC6158278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive microgels are polymeric colloidal networks that can change their size in response to a temperature variation. This peculiar feature is driven by the nature of the solvent-polymer interactions, which triggers the so-called volume phase transition from a swollen to a collapsed state above a characteristic temperature. Recently, an advanced modelling protocol to assemble realistic, disordered microgels has been shown to reproduce experimental swelling behavior and form factors. In the original framework, the solvent was taken into account in an implicit way, condensing solvent-polymer interactions in an effective attraction between monomers. To go one step further, in this work we perform simulations of realistic microgels in an explicit solvent. We identify a suitable model which fully captures the main features of the implicit model and further provides information on the solvent uptake by the interior of the microgel network and on its role in the collapse kinetics. These results pave the way for addressing problems where solvent effects are dominant, such as the case of microgels at liquid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Camerin
- CNR-ISC, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, via A. Scarpa, 14, 00161, Roma, Italy.
| | - N Gnan
- CNR-ISC, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - L Rovigatti
- CNR-ISC, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - E Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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Polycarbonate Magnetic Microspheres Containing Tumor Necrosis Factor- α for Potential Targeted Hepatic Carcinoma Therapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hu B, Ke XJ, Yan GP, Zhuo RX, Wu Y, Fan CL, Liu YJ. Preparation and properties of polycarbonate microspheres containing tetanus toxoid vaccine. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Xi-Jun Ke
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Guo-Ping Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Chang-Lie Fan
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu-Jun Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
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Hu B, Du HJ, Yan GP, Zhuo RX, Wu Y, Fan CL. Magnetic polycarbonate microspheres for tumor-targeted delivery of tumor necrosis factor. Drug Deliv 2013; 21:204-12. [PMID: 24117028 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.843609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The specific expression of transferrin receptor can represent a diagnostic tool or therapeutic target in solid tumors expressing this antigen. Herein, the human transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (T9) was investigated as a tumor-targeting group for active targeted-drug delivery systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tumor-targeted conjugate T9-TNF was synthesized by the attachment of both human transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (T9) as a tumor-targeting group and human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) as an anti-cancer drug to two terminated hydroxyl groups of poly(ethylene glycol). Subsequently, a solvent evaporation technique was adopted to produce anti-cancer magnetic polymer microspheres T9-TNF-PC-M containing T9-TNF and Fe3O4 magnetic ultrafine powders (M) using poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-5,5-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) (PC, P(TMC-co-DTC)) as a polymeric carrier. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION These magnetic polycarbonate microspheres possessed a steady TNF release rate in phosphate buffer saline solution, strong magnetic responsiveness and high T9-TNF loading capacity. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the microspheres T9-TNF-PC-M and conjugate T9-TNF were strongly inhibitory to the human hepatic carcinoma (Bel-7204) cells. In vivo site-specific therapy in nude mice with human hepatic carcinoma indicated that the microspheres T9-TNF-PC-M and conjugate T9-TNF possessed markedly higher anti-tumor activity against Bel-7204 in mice than that of TNF. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the magnetic polycarbonate microspheres were suitable as the potential-targeted treatment for hepatic carcinoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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Chen C, Gao C, Liu M, Lǚ S, Yu C, Ma S, Wang J, Cui G. Preparation and characterization of OSA/CS core–shell microgel: in vitro drug release and degradation properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:1127-39. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.743059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Shaoyu Lǚ
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Sheng Ma
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Guijia Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , P.R. China
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Saita K, Nagaoka S, Shirosaki T, Horikawa M, Matsuda S, Ihara H. Preparation and characterization of dispersible chitosan particles with borate crosslinking and their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Carbohydr Res 2012; 349:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hu B, Tu YY, Yan GP, Zhuo RX, Bottle SE, Wu Y, Fan CL, Duan YJ. Polycarbonate microspheres containing mitomycin C and magnetic powders as potential hepatic carcinoma therapeutics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:550-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Santos H, Salonen J, Bimbo L, Lehto VP, Peltonen L, Hirvonen J. Mesoporous materials as controlled drug delivery formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saita K, Nagaoka S, Horikawa M, Shirosaki T, Matsuda S, Ihara H. Chitosan Sub-micron Particles Prepared Using Sulfate Ion Salt as Bacteriostatic Materials in Neutral pH Condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2011.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Anticancer drug-loaded nanospheres based on biodegradable amphiphilic ε-caprolactone and carbonate copolymers. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2743-52. [PMID: 20859660 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to investigate anticancer drug-loaded poly(carbonate-ester) nanospheres as potential drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. METHODS Functional poly(carbonate-ester) copolymers (HPCP-SD) were synthesized by the incorporation of sulfadiazine as the tumor-targeting groups to hydroxyl groups of poly(carbonate-ester) copolymers. Two types of anticancer drug-loaded poly(carbonate-ester) nanospheres I and II were further prepared by dialysis method and high-voltage electrostatic field-assisted atomization, respectively, using HPCP-SD as polymeric carriers. These carriers and anticancer drug-loaded nanospheres were characterized, and their properties in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. RESULTS These anticancer drug-loaded poly(carbonate-ester) nanospheres had steady drug release rates and good controlled release properties. Moreover, anticancer drug-loaded poly(carbonate-ester) nanospheres II had faster drug release rates than those of anticancer drug-loaded nanospheres I. These anticancer drug-loaded nanospheres possessed lower cytotoxicity to HEK 293 cells and exhibited obviously higher anticancer efficiencies to the HeLa tumor cells than that of 5-fluorouracil. Anticancer drug-loaded nanospheres I possessed lower cytotoxicity to HEK 293 cells and higher anticancer activity to HeLa cells than those of anticancer drug-loaded nanospheres II. CONCLUSIONS These anticancer drug-loaded poly(carbonate-ester) nanospheres showed the potential as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Nagaoka S, Saita K, Kobayashi S, Horikawa M, Shirosaki T, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Preparation of Dispersible Chitosan Particles with Borate Crosslinking for Antimicrobial and Antifungal Application. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tavera EM, Kadali SB, Bagaria HG, Liu AW, Wong MS. Experimental and modeling analysis of diffusive release from single-shell microcapsules. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luo R, Li H, Birgersson E, Lam KY. Modeling of electric-stimulus-responsive hydrogels immersed in different bathing solutions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:248-57. [PMID: 17688273 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
By reformulation of the fixed charge density and consideration of finite deformation, a previous model simulating the pH-sensitive hydrogels is refined in this paper for extension to simulating the electric-sensitive hydrogels, which is termed the refined multi-effect-coupling electric-stimulus (rMECe) model. The rMECe model is based on the assumptions: (a) the hydrogel is isotropic and macroscopically homogeneous, (b) all the three phases are incompressible, including the polymeric solid matrix, interstitial water and mobile ions, (c) the effect of electro-osmosis is neglected, (d) bath solution is ideal so that the variation of the activity coefficients with ionic strength can be negligible, i.e., its effect on the concentration profiles is negligible, (e) the smart hydrogel is immersed in an unstirred solution in vibration-free experimental device; the bulk flow of fluid or hydrodynamic velocity can thus be eliminated and subsequently the convective flux is neglected, and (f) the pore of the present hydrogel is narrow enough so that the diffusion dominates the transmission of flux. The model consists of nonlinear coupled partial differential governing equations with the coupling effects of chemo-electro-mechanical multi-energy domains and the fixed charge density with the effect of externally applied electric-field. By comparing the simulating results with experimental data extracted from literature, a very good agreement is achieved and thus this validates the computing accuracy and stability of model. The present rMECe model shows the capability of efficiently predicting the ionic transport and the performance of the hydrogels when they are immersed in a bath solution subject to externally applied electric voltage. The model is used for quantitative analysis of the electric-sensitive hydrogels and for discussion of the influences of several physical parameters on the response of the hydrogels, including the externally applied electric voltage, the initially fixed charge density, and the ionic strength and valence of surrounding solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmo Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
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Li H, Yew Y, Lam K, Ng T. Numerical simulation of pH-stimuli responsive hydrogel in buffer solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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