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Takezawa H, Iizuka K, Fujita M. Selective Synthesis and Functionalization of an Acyclic Methylene-Bridged-Arene Trimer in a Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319140. [PMID: 38116919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Arene-formaldehyde condensation is a versatile reaction for producing various oligomeric/polymeric materials. However, the precise control of oligomerization degree is still challenging because the starting materials and intermediates have similar reactivities. Here, we demonstrate the selective synthesis of a methylene-bridged arene trimer using the confined cavity of a coordination cage. The limited space of the cavity prevents unregulated polymerization. The confinement effect for the kinetic protection is also demonstrated by the subsequent site-selective iodination of the trimer product within the cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 227-0882, Japan
| | - Kenta Iizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 227-0882, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 227-0882, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Insititute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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2
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Yin Y, Jiao M, Liu A, Wang H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yang K, Zhu G. Preparation and properties of epoxy-modified thermosetting phenolic fiber. E-POLYMERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-8085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This article proposes the preparation and microwave thermal cured (MTC) epoxy-modified phenolic fibers for the first time. Epoxy-modified thermoplastic phenolic resin was first prepared in acidic condition using phenol, formaldehyde, and epichlorohydrin as the reactants, and then underwent additive reaction with formaldehyde to obtain epoxy-modified thermosetting phenolic resin, which was converted into nascent fibers through wet spinning. Finally, epoxy-modified phenolic fibers were obtained through different curing methods including solution cured, solution thermal cured, microwave cured, MTC, and was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, microscopic infrared imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The experiment results show that MTC epoxy-modified phenolic fibers have optimal mechanical property with ultimate elongation of 4% and breaking strength of 133 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaoWen Yin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
| | - MingLi Jiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
| | - AnFei Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Fashion, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
| | - GenXing Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , 450007 , China
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3
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Ferrocene-Based Porous Organic Polymer (FPOP): Synthesis, Characterization and an Electrochemical Study. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene-based porous organic polymers (FPOPs) were prepared from phenol-formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite) and phenol as starting materials; and two possible mechanisms for polymerization were discussed. Solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, powder XRD, elemental analysis and ICP (Fe, Na, B) were performed to characterize the prepared materials. The two synthetic approaches produced polymers with different pore sizes: the FPOP synthesized through Bakelite presented a higher surface area (52 m2 g−1) when compared to the one obtained by the bottom-up polymerization from phenol (only 5 m2 g−1). Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the material, which decomposed at 350 °C. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the new FPOP on modified electrodes, in ACN and 0.1 M TBAP as an electrolyte, showed fully reversible electron transfer, which is similar to that observed for the ferrocene probe dissolved in the same electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept for an electrochromic device, this novel material was also tested, with a color change detected between yellow/brownish coloration (reduced form) and green/blue coloration (oxidized form). The new hybrid FPOP seems very promising for material science, energy storage and electrochromic applications, as well as for plastic degradation.
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Ren Y, Xie J, He X, Shi R, Liu C. Preparation of Lignin-Based High-Ortho Thermoplastic Phenolic Resins and Fibers. Molecules 2021; 26:3993. [PMID: 34208841 PMCID: PMC8271395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surplus lignin, which is inefficiently used, is generated in the forestry industry. Currently, most studies use lignin instead of phenol to synthesize thermosetting resins which cannot be reprocessed, thus affecting its application field. Thermoplastic phenolic resin has an orderly structure and excellent molding performance, which can greatly improve its application field and economic value. Herein, phenol was partially replaced with enzymolysis lignin (without treatment), generating lignin-based high-ortho thermoplastic phenolic resins (LPRs), and then lignin-based phenolic fibers (LPFs) were prepared by melt spinning. FTIR, 13C-NMR and GPC were used to characterize the ortho-para position ratio (O/P value), molecular weight and its distribution (PDI), and rheological properties of the resin. TG, XRD, SEM and tensile property studies were used to determine the thermal stability, orientation, and surface morphology of the fiber. Lignin addition resulted in the decline of the O/P value and molecular weight of the resin. For the 10% LPR, the O/P value, Mw, and PDI were 1.28, 4263, and 2.74, respectively, with the fiber exhibiting relatively good spinnability. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the 10% LPF were 160.9 MPa and 1.9%, respectively. The addition of lignin effectively improved the thermal properties of the fiber, and the carbon yields of 20% LPF before and after curing were 39.7% and 53.6%, respectively, which were 22.2% and 13.7% higher than that of the unmodified fiber, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.R.); (J.X.)
| | - Jin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.R.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.R.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
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5
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Pullichola AH, Varghese LA, Unnikrishnan GP, Das KM. Novel Protocol for Resole Phenol Formaldehyde Resins Synthesis with Tubular Reactor and Characterization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Habid Pullichola
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Calicut Kerala 673601 India
- Saint‐Gobain Abrasives Grindwell Norton Ltd. Bengaluru Karnataka 560049 India
| | - Lity Alen Varghese
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Calicut Kerala 673601 India
| | | | - Kottotil Mohan Das
- Saint‐Gobain Abrasives Grindwell Norton Ltd. Bengaluru Karnataka 560049 India
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6
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Ren Y, Lin X, Shi Z, Zheng Y, Liu J, Zheng Z, Liu C. Improving the thermal and mechanical properties of phenolic fiber over boron modified high-ortho phenolic resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320976754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Boron-modified high-ortho phenolic resins (BPRs) were prepared under normal pressure by using phenol and formaldehyde as raw materials, zinc acetate, and oxalic acid as catalysts, and boric acid as a modifier. Boron-modified phenolic fibers (BPFs) were prepared by melt spinning and curing in a mixture of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, followed by a heat treatment under high temperature. The structure, ortho–para ratio (O/P), molecular weight and distribution, spinnability, thermal stability, fiber strength, and morphology of the resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fiber strength testing. The results showed that the addition of boric acid reduced the ortho reaction of the synthetic resin and the O/P value of phenolic resin. When the content of boric acid was 3 wt%, the thermal stability was the best, the O/P value was up to 3.26, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 18745 g/mol. In Compared with the unmodified resin, the mass loss was increased by 33.7%, and finally the carbon yield was 51.2%. The tensile strength of the fibers reached 187.2 MPa and the elongation at break was 10.5%. By introducing boron into the molecular chain, the structure of the resin was improved, and the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the fibers were improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Zheng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kiskan
- Istanbul Technical UniversityScience Literature Faculty, Department of Chemistry 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical UniversityScience Literature Faculty, Department of Chemistry 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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8
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Li J, Zhu W, Zhang J, Zhang S, Gao Q, Li J, Zhang W. Curing properties of high- Ortho
phenol-formaldehyde resins with co-catalysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University); Ministry of Education (MOE); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University); Ministry of Education (MOE); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University); Ministry of Education (MOE); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250061 China
| | - Shifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University); Ministry of Education (MOE); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University); Ministry of Education (MOE); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jianzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University); Ministry of Education (MOE); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University); Ministry of Education (MOE); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
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9
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Lu J, Jiao C, Majeed Z, Jiang H. Magnesium and Nitrogen Co-Doped Mesoporous Carbon with Enhanced Microporosity for CO₂ Adsorption. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050275. [PMID: 29693608 PMCID: PMC5977289 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous carbons (MC) have attracted a tremendous amount of interest due to their efficient molecular transport properties. However, the limited number of active sites and low microporosity generally impede their use for practical applications. Herein, we have fabricated Mg and N co-doped mesoporous carbon (Mg-NMC) with high microporosity via one-pot synthetic route followed by further steam activation. In comparison with the parent N-doped mesoporous carbon, Mg-NMC shows partially ordered mesostructure and improved CO₂ adsorption capacity attributed to the introduction of basic site after Mg doping. Upon further steam activation, the microporosity is enhanced to 37.3%, while the CO₂ adsorption capacity is also increased by 70.4% at 273 K and 1.0 bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Lu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chengli Jiao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zeeshan Majeed
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Heqing Jiang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
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10
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Jiao C, Lu J, Gu X, Majeed Z, Jiang H. Novel MgO/hollow carbon sphere composites for CO2 adsorption. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MgO/hollow carbon sphere composites with enhanced CO2 uptake capacity and recyclability have been synthesized through a one-pot self-assembly approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Jiao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- P. R. China
| | - Jingting Lu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Gu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- P. R. China
| | - Zeeshan Majeed
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- P. R. China
| | - Heqing Jiang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- P. R. China
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11
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Jiao M, Yang K, Cao J, Diao Q, Zhang W, Yu M. Influence of epichlorohydrin content on structure and properties of high-ortho phenolic epoxy fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Jiao
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering; Zhongyuan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450007 China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Fashion; Zhongyuan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450007 China
| | - Jian Cao
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering; Zhongyuan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450007 China
| | - Quan Diao
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering; Zhongyuan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450007 China
| | - Wangxi Zhang
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering; Zhongyuan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450007 China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Fiber and Polymer Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University; Shanghai 200051 China
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12
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Lian H, Hong S, Carranza A, Mota-Morales JD, Pojman JA. Processing of lignin in urea–zinc chloride deep-eutectic solvent and its use as a filler in a phenol-formaldehyde resin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of our research deals with a new greener and more efficient lignin modification method to optimize its structural performance as a phenol-formaldehyde resin filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lian
- College of Wood Science and Technology
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - S. Hong
- College of Wood Science and Technology
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - A. Carranza
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | | | - J. A. Pojman
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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13
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Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Phenol-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins in the Presence of Magnesium Oxide as Catalyst. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6082221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Xu C(C. Synthesis and thermomechanical property study of Novolac phenol-hydroxymethyl furfural (PHMF) resin. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04458d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A formaldehyde-free phenolic resin – phenol-hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin was synthesized for the first time using HMF in situ derived from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshun Yuan
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Western University
- London, Canada
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Western University
- London, Canada
| | - Chunbao (Charles) Xu
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Western University
- London, Canada
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15
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Crawford AO, Howlin BJ, Cavalli G, Hamerton I. Examining the thermo-mechanical properties of novel cyanate ester blends through empirical measurement and simulation. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Tian XW, Yang ZG. Ortho-SubstitutedOrtho-Cresol Novolac Resins as an Epoxy Resin Curing Agent. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.574658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Yadav R, Awasthi P, Srivastava D. Studies on synthesis of modified epoxidized novolac resin from renewable resource material for application in surface coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Yadav R, Srivastava D. Synthesis and properties of cardanol-based epoxidized novolac resins modified with carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Sultania M, Rai JSP, Srivastava D. A study on the kinetics of condensation reaction of cardanol and formaldehyde, part I. INT J CHEM KINET 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Yadav R, Srivastava D. Studies on cardanol-based epoxidized novolac resin and its blends. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht02.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardanol-based novolac-type phenolic resin was synthesized with a mole ratio 1.0:0.5 of cardanol-to-formaldehyde using a dicarboxylic acid catalyst such as succinic acid. The cardanol-based novolac-type phenolic resin may further be modified by epoxidation with epichlorohydrin excess at 393 K in a basic medium to duplicate the performance of such phenolic-type novolacs. Carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) has been studied by various researches with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DEGBA) epoxy resin and epoxidized phenolic novolac resins. The epoxidized novolac resin was blended with different weight ratios of carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) and cured with a stoichiometric amount of polyamine curing agent. The formation of various products during the synthesis of cardanol-based novolac resin, epoxodized novolac resin and blending of epoxidized novolac resin with CTBN has been studied by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. Further, the products were confirmed by a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopic analysis. The number average molecular weight was determined by a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. The blend sample, having 15 wt % CTBN concentration showed minimum cure time and most thermally stable systems.
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