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Shaukat MS, Zulfiqar S, Sarwar MI. Incorporation of palladium nanoparticles into aromatic polyamide/clay nanocomposites through facile dry route. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090415040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sakai T, Thommes M. Investigation into mixing capability and solid dispersion preparation using the DSM Xplore Pharma Micro Extruder. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:218-31. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The goal of this investigation was to qualify the DSM Xplore Pharma Micro Extruder as a formulation screening tool for early-stage hot-melt extrusion.
Methods
Dispersive and distributive mixing was investigated using soluplus, copovidone or basic butylated methacrylate copolymer with sodium chloride (NaCl) in a batch size of 5 g. Eleven types of solid dispersions were prepared using various drugs and carriers in batches of 5 g in accordance with the literature.
Key findings
The dispersive mixing was a function of screw speed and recirculation time and the particle size was remarkably reduced after 1 min of processing, regardless of the polymers. An inverse relationship between the particle size and specific mechanical energy (SME) was also found. The SME values were higher than those in large-scale extruders. After 1 min recirculation at 200 rpm, the uniformity of NaCl content met the criteria of the European Pharmacopoeia, indicating that distributive mixing was achieved in this time. For the solid dispersions preparations, the results from different scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry and in-vitro dissolution tests confirmed that all solid-dispersion systems were successfully prepared.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrated that the extruder is a useful tool to screen solid-dispersion formulations and their material properties on a small scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Sakai
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yaizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Markus Thommes
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Kahraman HT, Gevgilili H, Kalyon DM, Pehlivan E. Nanoclay dispersion into a thermosetting binder using sonication and intensive mixing methods. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Seyidoglu T, Yilmazer U. Production of modified clays and their use in polypropylene-based nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Seyidoglu T, Yilmazer U. Use of purified and modified bentonites in linear low-density polyethylene/organoclay/compatibilizer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Evaluations of PP-g-GMA and PP-g-HEMA as a compatibilizer for polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mago G, Kalyon DM, Fisher FT. Polymer crystallization and precipitation-induced wrapping of carbon nanofibers with PBT. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mago G, Fisher FT, Kalyon DM. Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Shear-Induced Crystallization Behavior of Poly(butylene terephthalate). Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Mago
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, and Highly Filled Materials Institute and Department of Chemical, Biomedical and Materials Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030
| | - Frank T. Fisher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, and Highly Filled Materials Institute and Department of Chemical, Biomedical and Materials Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030
| | - Dilhan M. Kalyon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, and Highly Filled Materials Institute and Department of Chemical, Biomedical and Materials Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030
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