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Yenilmez HY, Budak Ö, Öztürk NF, Koca A, Boz A, Ustamehmetoğlu B, Altuntaş Bayır Z. Supercapacitive properties of carbazole-containing cobalt(II) phthalocyanines/reduced graphene oxide composites. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1766-1778. [PMID: 38170852 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03602b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the effect of substituents (position and number) and reduced graphene oxide on the supercapacitive properties of cobalt(II) phthalocyanines. For this purpose, three new tetra- and octa-substituted cobalt(II) phthalocyanines bearing 9H-carbazol-2-yloxy groups on peripheral or non-peripheral positions (1-3) were synthesized. The characterization of the resultant cobalt(II) phthalocyanines was carried out by applying several spectroscopic approaches. The newly synthesized macromolecules were used for the functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The obtained nanocomposites (rGO-(1-3)) were utilized for the modification of Ni foam (NiF) electrodes through a facile one-step electrodeposition strategy performed for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. Simultaneous polymerization of the cobalt phthalocyanines and electrochemically reduction of graphene oxide led to the formation of a fabricating layer on the surface of the NiF electrode. The resulting electropolymerized films were characterized by Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) spectroscopic techniques as well as electrochemical methods. The prepared electrodes possessed superior electrochemical activities owing to the synergistic effect of the cobalt(II) phthalocyanines and rGO. All the modified electrodes displayed high supercapacitaive properties and the highest activity was obtained for the NiF/rGO2-1 electrode. The NiF/rGO2-1 electrode exhibited higher specific capacitance (655.2 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1) than NiF/1 (338.0 F g-1). Additionally, a specific capacitance of 85.2% was obtained for NiF/rGO2-1 electrode after 3000 charge-discharge cycles. As a result, all the prepared metallophthalocyanines-reduced graphene oxide can be considered alternative agents to develop high performance-next-generation energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Özlem Budak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Atıf Koca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Almila Boz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, TR-34469 Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | | | - Zehra Altuntaş Bayır
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, TR-34469 Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Quiroz-Arturo H, Reinoso C, Scherf U, Palma-Cando A. Microporous Polymer-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Metronidazole: Experimental and Theoretical Insights. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38251144 PMCID: PMC10819510 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The persistence and potential toxicity of emergent pollutants pose significant threats to biodiversity and human health, emphasizing the need for sensors capable of detecting these pollutants at extremely low concentrations before treatment. This study focuses on the development of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified by films of poly-tris(4-(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (PTPTCzSiOH), poly-4,4'-Di(carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (PCBP), and poly-1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (PTCB) for the detection of metronidazole (MNZ) in aqueous media. The films were characterized using electrochemical, microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Monomers were electropolymerized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Computational methods at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level were employed to investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of the monomers. The electrochemical detection of MNZ utilized the linear sweep voltammetry technique. Surface characterization through SEM and XPS confirmed the proper electrodeposition of polymer films. Notably, MPN-GCEs exhibited higher detection signals compared to bare GCEs up to 3.6 times in the case of PTPTCzSiOH-GCEs. This theoretical study provides insights into the structural, chemical, and electronic properties of the polymers. The findings suggest that polymer-modified GCEs hold promise as candidates for the development of electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Quiroz-Arturo
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Reinoso
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
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Ates M, Uludag N. Carbazole derivative synthesis and their electropolymerization. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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One-step synthesis and photoluminescence properties of polycarbazole spheres and Ag/polycarbazole core/shell composites. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Koyama F, Kawai T. Efficient Photopolymerization of Diphenylamine Based on Ground-state Charge-transfer Complex. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Koyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
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Electropolymerized bioresistant coatings of OEGylated dendron carbazoles: Design parameters and protein resistance SPR studies. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ates M, Uludag N. Synthesis of 9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9H-carbazole: Comparison of an impedance study of poly[9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9H-carbazole] on gold and carbon fiber microelectrodes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sun W, Sun W, Zhuo Y, Chu Y. Facile synthesis of Cu2O nanocube/polycarbazole composites and their high visible-light photocatalytic properties. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ates M, Uludag N, Sarac AS. Synthesis of 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl methacrylate: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study of poly(2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl methacrylate) on carbon fiber. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pernites RB, Felipe MJL, Foster EL, Advincula RC. Colloidally templated two-dimensional conducting polymer arrays and SAMs: binary composition patterning and chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:817-827. [PMID: 21355551 DOI: 10.1021/am101168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach and strategy toward binary-composition, two-dimensional (2D) patterned surfaces of conducting polymer periodic arrays, together with thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is described. The method involved a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)-like deposition of latex microsphere particles, electropolymerization via cyclic voltammetric (CV) techniques, and self-assembly of an amphiphile. The LB-like technique enabled the monolayer deposition of different sizes of polystyrene (PS) particles in hexagonal packing arrangement on planar substrates. Combining the LB-like method with CV electropolymerization is advantageous because it provides deposition control of a polymer interconnected network, controlled composition ratio of polymer and SAMs, and control of 2D size and spacing of the spherical void pattern. Electrochemical-quartz crystal microbalance (EC-QCM) in situ monitoring of the film deposition quantified a constant and linear growth rate, with varying viscoelastic behavior of the conducting polymer adsorption on planar and PS-templated substrates. The dual-patterned surface provided a good imaging contrast as observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Complementary analyses such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total internal reflection infrared (ATR IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and static contact angle measurements were used to characterize the formation of the patterned surface. The versatility of the method enables the potential for making various types of quantitative binary compositions and patterned surfaces using different combinations of conducting polymer or functional SAMs, which can be extended in the future to polymer brushes and layer-by-layer assembly of various materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick B Pernites
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Tria MCR, Grande CDT, Ponnapati RR, Advincula RC. Electrochemical Deposition and Surface-Initiated RAFT Polymerization: Protein and Cell-Resistant PPEGMEMA Polymer Brushes. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3422-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste R. Tria
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Carlos David T. Grande
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ramakrishna R. Ponnapati
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Rigoberto C. Advincula
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Düdükcü M, Udum YA, Ergün Y, Köleli F. Electrodeposition of poly(4-methyl carbazole-3-carboxylic acid) on steel surfaces and corrosion protection of steel. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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MIAO HM, ZHANG HL, XU JK, FAN CL, DONG B, ZENG LQ, ZHAO F. Electrochemical Polymerization of Carbazole in Acetic Acid Containing Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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