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Barbosa MC, Razzino CDA, Stocco TD, Santana MDV, Ghosh A, Pereira LF, Tierra-Criollo CJ, Lobo AO. Production of rGO-Based Electrospinning Nanocomposites Incorporated in Recycled PET as an Alternative Dry Electrode. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204288. [PMID: 36297865 PMCID: PMC9607334 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, Coca-Cola® bottles were reused as a PET polymer (rPET) source to produce electrospun polymeric nanofibers. The nanofibers were electrospun from polymer solutions with different concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) incorporated for applications in somatosensory electrical stimulation. The rPET/rGO nanofiber mats were characterized by SEM, TEM, Raman, DSC, TGA, and DMA and the results showed that the incorporation of rGO in electrospun rPET fibers produced rPET/rGO composites. The rPET/rGO composites were then evaluated for possible application as dry electrodes. Moreover, with a preliminary test of numerous volunteers, the rPET/rGO dry electrode showed promising results. The rPET/rGO electrodes showed good performance and applicability to make dry electrodes, and these have applications as dry or wearable electrodes to produce electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chizzolini Barbosa
- Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraiba—UNIVAP, São Jose dos Campos 12244-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia do Amaral Razzino
- Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraiba—UNIVAP, São Jose dos Campos 12244-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Domingues Stocco
- Bioengineering Program, Scientific and Technological Institute, Brasil University, São Paulo 08230-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Moisés das Virgens Santana
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Anupama Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering—DEQM, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Pereira
- Biomedical Engineering Program-PEB, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Julio Tierra-Criollo
- Biomedical Engineering Program-PEB, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.J.T.-C.); (A.O.L.)
| | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.J.T.-C.); (A.O.L.)
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Silver nanoparticles enhanced crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate-co-polyethylene glycol (PET-PEG) thermoplastic elastomer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thamizhlarasan A, Meenarathi B, Parthasarathy V, Jancirani A, Anbarasan R. Effect of nucleating agents on the non‐isothermal crystallization and degradation kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Balakrishnan Meenarathi
- Department of Polymer Technology Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Madurai India
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Anbarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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Alshammari BA, Al-Mubaddel FS, Karim MR, Hossain M, Al-Mutairi AS, Wilkinson AN. Addition of Graphite Filler to Enhance Electrical, Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties in Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate): Experimental Characterization and Material Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091411. [PMID: 31466258 PMCID: PMC6780200 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/graphite (PET/G) micro-composites were fabricated by the melt compounding method using a minilab extruder. The carbon fillers were found to act as nucleating agents for the PET matrix and hence accelerated crystallization and increased the degree of crystallinity. TGA showed that carbon fillers improved the resistance to thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation under both air and nitrogen atmospheres. However, a poor agreement was observed at higher loadings of the filler where the composites displayed reduced reinforcement efficiency. The results demonstrate that the addition of graphite at loading >14.5 wt.% made electrically conductive composites. It was calculated that the electric conductivities of PET/graphite micro-composites were enhanced, above the percolation threshold values by two orders of magnitudes compared to the PET matrix. The minimum value of conductivity required to avoid electrostatic charge application of an insulating polymer was achieved, just above the threshold values. The addition of graphite also improved thermal stability of PET, accelerated its crystallization process and increased the degree of crystallinity. Microscopic results exhibit no indication of aggregations at 2 wt.% graphite, whereas more agglomeration and rolling up could be seen as the graphite content was increased in the PET matrix (in particular, above the percolation threshold value). Furthermore, based on the mechanical experimental characterization of the PET/graphite micro-composites, a large deformation-based mathematical model is proposed for material behavior predictions. The model fits well the experimental data and predicts other mechanical data that are not included in the parameter identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer A Alshammari
- Materials Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S Al-Mubaddel
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mokarram Hossain
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | | | - Arthur N Wilkinson
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Shen Z, Luo F, Du J, Lei X, Ji L. Studies on the effects of 4,4′-dihydroxyphenyl on crystallization and melting behavior of poly (butylene terephthalate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The blends of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and 4,4′-dihydroxyphenyl (DHP) were prepared by melt blending, and the effects of DHP on the crystallization and melting behaviors of PBT were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results showed that crystallization temperature and crystallinity of PBT apparently decreased with the addition of DHP. A remarkably decline in crystallization rate of PBT was achieved, and the blends had higher σe and q values than that of pure PBT as analyzed based on the Avrami equation and Lauritzen-Hoffman equation. The crystal structure of PBT did not change by the addition of DHP, while the spherulite size of PBT decreased.
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Shen Z, Luo F, Lei X, Ji L, Wang K. Enhanced crystallization behaviour and impact toughness of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with a phenyl phosphonic acid salts compound. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shen Z, Luo F, Xing Q, Si P, Lei X, Ji L, Ding S, Wang K. Effect of an aryl amide derivative on the crystallization behaviour and impact toughness of poly(ethylene terephthalate). CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xu JZ, Zhong GJ, Hsiao BS, Fu Q, Li ZM. Low-dimensional carbonaceous nanofiller induced polymer crystallization. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Saeed HAM, Eltahir YA, Xia Y, Yimin W. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and nucleation activity of hyperbranched polyester (HBPET) in recycled PET. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Santamaria A, Muñoz ME, Fernández M, Landa M. Electrically conductive adhesives with a focus on adhesives that contain carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mayoral B, Hornsby PR, McNally T, Schiller TL, Jack K, Martin DJ. Quasi-solid state uniaxial and biaxial deformation of PET/MWCNT composites: structural evolution, electrical and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nandi S, Bose S, Mitra S, Ghosh AK. Dynamic rheology and morphology of HDPE-fumed silica composites: Effect of interface modification. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhu Z, Wang R, Dong Z, Huang X, Zhang D. Morphology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mazinani S, Ajji A, Dubois C. Structure and properties of melt-spun PET/MWCNT nanocomposite fibers. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stefanescu EA, Daranga C, Stefanescu C. Insight into the Broad Field of Polymer Nanocomposites: From Carbon Nanotubes to Clay Nanoplatelets, via Metal Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5513574 DOI: 10.3390/ma2042095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly ordered polymer nanocomposites are complex materials that display a rich morphological behavior owing to variations in composition, structure, and properties on a nanometer length scale. Metal-polymer nanocomposite materials are becoming more popular for applications requiring low cost, high metal surface areas. Catalytic systems seem to be the most prevalent application for a wide range of metals used in polymer nanocomposites, particularly for metals like Pt, Ni, Co, and Au, with known catalytic activities. On the other hand, among the most frequently utilized techniques to prepare polymer/CNT and/or polymer/clay nanocomposites are approaches like melt mixing, solution casting, electrospinning and solid-state shear pulverization. Additionally, some of the current and potential applications of polymer/CNT and/or polymer/clay nanocomposites include photovoltaic devices, optical switches, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, aerospace and automotive materials, packaging, adhesives and coatings. This extensive review covers a broad range of articles, typically from high impact-factor journals, on most of the polymer-nanocomposites known to date: polymer/carbon nanotubes, polymer/metal nanospheres, and polymer/clay nanoplatelets composites. The various types of nanocomposites are described form the preparation stages to performance and applications. Comparisons of the various types of nanocomposites are conducted and conclusions are formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard A. Stefanescu
- Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (E.A.S); Tel.: +1-804-827-7000; Fax: +1-804-828-3846; E-Mail: (C.S.); Tel.: +1-225-578-1720; Fax: +1-225-578- 2697
| | - Codrin Daranga
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; E-Mail: (C.D.)
| | - Cristina Stefanescu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (E.A.S); Tel.: +1-804-827-7000; Fax: +1-804-828-3846; E-Mail: (C.S.); Tel.: +1-225-578-1720; Fax: +1-225-578- 2697
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Bai W, Chen D, Zhang Z, Li Q, Zhang D, Xiong C. Poly(para-dioxanone)/inorganic particle composites as a novel biomaterial. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:945-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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