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Bijoy G, Rajeev R, Benny L, Jose S, Varghese A. Enzyme immobilization on biomass-derived carbon materials as a sustainable approach towards environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135759. [PMID: 35870606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes with their environment-friendly nature and versatility have become highly important 'green tools' with a wide range of applications. Enzyme immobilization has further increased the utility and efficiency of these enzymes by improving their stability, reusability, and recyclability. Biomass-derived matrices when used for enzyme immobilization offer a sustainable solution to environmental pollution and fuel depletion at low costs. Biochar and other biomass-derived carbon materials obtained are suitable for the immobilization of enzymes through different immobilization strategies. Environmental pollution has become an utmost topic of research interest due to an ever-increasing trend being observed in anthropogenic activities. This has widely contributed to the release of various toxic effluents into the environment in their native or metabolized forms. Therefore, more focus is being directed toward the utilization of immobilized enzymes in the bioremediation of water and soil, biofuel production, and other environmental applications. In this review, up-to-date literature concerning the immobilization and potential uses of enzymes immobilized on biomass-derived carbon materials has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethanjali Bijoy
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Rijo Rajeev
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Libina Benny
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Sandra Jose
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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Recent advances in carbon nanotubes-based biocatalysts and their applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102542. [PMID: 34655931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes have been incorporated into a wide variety of fields and industries as they catalyze many biochemical and chemical reactions. The immobilization of enzymes on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for generating nano biocatalysts with high stability and reusability is gaining great attention among researchers. Functionalized CNTs act as excellent support for effective enzyme immobilization. Depending on the application, the enzymes can be tailored using the various surface functionalization techniques on the CNTs to extricate the desirable characteristics. Aiming at the preparation of efficient, stable, and recyclable nanobiocatalysts, this review provides an overview of the methods developed to immobilize the various enzymes. Various applications of carbon nanotube-based biocatalysts in water purification, bioremediation, biosensors, and biofuel cells have been comprehensively reviewed.
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Melia azedarach leaf powder stabilizing Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase to catalyze synthesis of geranyl acetate. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Verma ML, Kumar S, Das A, Randhawa JS, Chamundeeswari M. Enzyme Immobilization on Chitin and Chitosan-Based Supports for Biotechnological Applications. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 35 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16538-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Verma ML. Enzymatic Nanobiosensors in the Agricultural and Food Industry. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53112-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bhardwaj KK, Saun NK, Gupta R. Immobilization of Lipase from Geobacillus sp. and Its Application in Synthesis of Methyl Salicylate. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:391-398. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University
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Cui C, Zhen Y, Qu J, Chen B, Tan T. Synthesis of biosafe isosorbide dicaprylate ester plasticizer by lipase in a solvent-free system and its sub-chronic toxicity in mice. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosafety isosorbide dicaprylate ester plasticizer was synthesized with bubbling dried air in solvent-free system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Cui
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Biology Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Yueju Zhen
- Shandong Jiqing Chemical Co., Ltd
- Shandong
- PR China
| | - Junge Qu
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- 315100 Ningbo
- People's Republic of China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Biology Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Biology Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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Ekinci AP, Dinçer B, Baltaş N, Adıgüzel A. Partial purification and characterization of lipase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus AH22. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:325-31. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1024677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arife Pınar Ekinci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey and
| | - Barbaros Dinçer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey and
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey and
| | - Ahmet Adıgüzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Verma ML, Puri M, Barrow CJ. Recent trends in nanomaterials immobilised enzymes for biofuel production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:108-19. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.928811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Synthesis of alkyl coumarate esters by celite-bound lipase of Bacillus licheniformis SCD11501. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kaur I, Bhati P, Bala K, Kanwar SS. Effective immobilization of lipase onto a porous gelatin- co-Poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymer and evaluation of its hydrolytic properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171 005 India
| | - Pooja Bhati
- Department of Chemistry; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171 005 India
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Biotechnology; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171 005 India
| | - Shamsher S. Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171 005 India
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Xiong J, Huang Y, Zhang H, Hou L. Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification Synthesis of Geranyl Acetate in Organic Solvents and Its Kinetics. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Narwal SK, Saun NK, Gupta R. Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Free and Silica-Bound Lipase: a Comparative Study. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:599-605. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Saun NK, Narwal SK, Dogra P, Chauhan GS, Gupta R. Comparative Study of Free and Immobilized Lipase from Bacillus aerius and its Application in Synthesis of Ethyl Ferulate. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:911-9. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Verma ML, Naebe M, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Enzyme immobilisation on amino-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes: structural and biocatalytic characterisation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73642. [PMID: 24069216 PMCID: PMC3772012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this work is to investigate the structure and function of enzymes immobilised on nanomaterials. This work will allow better understanding of enzyme-nanomaterial interactions, as well as designing functional protein-nanomaterial conjugates. Methodology/Principal Findings Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were functionalised with amino groups to improve solubility and biocompatibility. The pristine and functionalised forms of MWNTs were characterised with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was done to examine the degree of the functionalisation process. An immobilised biocatalyst was prepared on functionalised nanomaterial by covalent binding. Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase was used as a model enzyme. The structural change of the immobilised and free lipases were characterised with transmission electron Microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Circular dichroism spectroscopy. Biochemical characterisation of immobilised enzyme showed broader pH and thermal optima compared to soluble form. Reusability of the immobilised enzyme for hydrolysis of long chain esters was demonstrated up to ten cycles. Conclusion/Significance Lipase immobilised on MWNTs has exhibited significantly improved thermal stability. The exploration of advanced nanomaterial for enzyme immobilisation support using sophisticated techniques makes nanobiocatalyst of potential interest for biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan L. Verma
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Verma ML, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Nanobiotechnology as a novel paradigm for enzyme immobilisation and stabilisation with potential applications in biodiesel production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:23-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Verma ML, Azmi W, Kanwar SS. Enzymatic Synthesis of Isopropyl Acetate by Immobilized Bacillus cereus Lipase in Organic Medium. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:919386. [PMID: 21603222 PMCID: PMC3092694 DOI: 10.4061/2011/919386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective production of fragrance fatty acid ester from isopropanol and acetic acid has been achieved using silica-immobilized lipase of Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372. A purified thermoalkalophilic extracellular lipase was immobilized by adsorption onto the silica. The effects of various parameters like molar ratio of substrates (isopropanol and acetic acid; 25 to 100 mM), concentration of biocatalyst (25-125 mg/mL), reaction time, reaction temperature, organic solvents, molecular sieves, and initial water activity were studied for optimal ester synthesis. Under optimized conditions, 66.0 mM of isopropyl acetate was produced when isopropanol and acetic acid were used at 100 mM: 75 mM in 9 h at 55°C in n-heptane under continuous shaking (160 rpm) using bound lipase (25 mg). Addition of molecular sieves (3 Å × 1.5 mm) resulted in a marked increase in ester synthesis (73.0 mM). Ester synthesis was enhanced by water activity associated with pre-equilibrated saturated salt solution of LiCl. The immobilized lipase retained more than 50% of its activity after the 6th cycle of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Lal Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171 005, India
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Kumar A, Kanwar SS. Synthesis of ethyl ferulate in organic medium using celite-immobilized lipase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2162-2167. [PMID: 21041076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we have evaluated synthesis of ethyl ferulate by the esterification reaction of ferulic acid and ethanol catalyzed by a commercial lipase (Steapsin) immobilized onto celite-545 in a short period of 6h in DMSO. The immobilized lipase was treated with cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde (1%; v/v). The optimum synthesis of ethyl ferulate was recorded at 45°C, pH 8.5 and 1:1 ratio of ethanol and ferulic acid. Co(2+), Ba(2+)and Pb(2+) ions enhanced the synthesis of ethyl ferulate Hg(2+), Cd(3+)and NH(4+) ions had mild inhibitory effect. The celite-bound lipase produced 68 mM of ethyl ferulate under optimized reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
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Guncheva M, Zhiryakova D. Catalytic properties and potential applications of Bacillus lipases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Verma ML, Kanwar SS. Purification and characterization of a low molecular mass alkaliphilic lipase of Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2010; 57:191-207. [PMID: 20870591 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.57.2010.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A low molecular mass alkaliphilic extra-cellular lipase of Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372 was purified 35-fold by hydrophobic interaction (Octyl-Sepharose) chromatography. The purified enzyme was found to be electrophoretically pure by denaturing gel electrophoresis and possessed a molecular mass of approximately 8 kDa. It is a homopentamer of 40 kDa as revealed by native-PAGE. The lipase was optimally active at 55 °C and retained approximately half of its original activity after 40 min incubation at 55 °C. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 8.5. Mg2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Hg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ at 1 mM enhanced hydrolytic activity of the lipase. Interestingly, Hg2+ ions synergized and Zn2+ and Co2+ ions antagonized the lipase activity. Among surfactants, Tween 80 promoted the lipase activity. Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, 15 mM) decreased 98% of original activity of lipase. The lipase was highly specific towards p-nitrophenyl palmitate and showed a Vmax and Km of 0.70 mmol.mg⁻¹.min⁻¹ and 32 mM for hydrolysis of pNPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Verma
- Himachal Pradesh University, Department of Biotechnology, Shimla 171 005, India
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