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Sarangi S, Swain H, Adak T, Bhattacharyya P, Mukherjee AK, Kumar G, Mehetre ST. Trichoderma-mediated rice straw compost promotes plant growth and imparts stress tolerance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44014-44027. [PMID: 33846916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw burning is causing huge economic losses and environmental hazards. Microbial mediated ex situ composting could be a viable solution which would not only reduce the straw burning but also will enrich nutrition to the soil. Strains of Trichoderma isolated from tree bark were tested to decompose rice straw efficiently, and the Trichoderma-mediated rice straw compost was used subsequently to improve rice growth. Two isolates of Trichoderma reesei (NRRIT-26 and NRRIT-27) decomposed the straw by producing higher decomposing enzymes, like total cellulase (≥ 1.87 IU mL-1), endoglucanase (≥ 0.75 IU mL-1), xylanase (≥ 163.49 nkat mL-1), and laccase (≥ 11.75 IU mL-1). Trichoderma decomposed rice straw compost had higher nutrient contents (1.97% N, 2.04% K, and 0.88% P) and optimum C/N ratio (28:2) as compared to control. The Trichoderma decomposed rice straw as a nutrient reduced the mean germination time (2.2 days as compared to 4 days in control) and enhanced the seedling vigor and total chlorophyll content in rice. Expression of defense enzymes, like catalase (≥ 200% both in shoot and root), peroxidase (≥ 180% in root and ≥ 300% in shoot), and superoxide dismutase (≥ 160% in root and ≥ 90% in shoot), were higher in treated plants as compared to control indicating higher stress tolerance ability to crops. We conclude that the Trichoderma-mediated rice straw management is a viable option and has the potential to reduce straw burning, and at the same time, the compost could enrich soil fertility and impart intrinsic stress tolerance to rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Sarangi
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Harekrushna Swain
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Totan Adak
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Arup K Mukherjee
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Sayaji T Mehetre
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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Swain H, Adak T, Mukherjee AK, Sarangi S, Samal P, Khandual A, Jena R, Bhattacharyya P, Naik SK, Mehetre ST, Baite MS, Kumar M S, Zaidi NW. Seed Biopriming With Trichoderma Strains Isolated From Tree Bark Improves Plant Growth, Antioxidative Defense System in Rice and Enhance Straw Degradation Capacity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633881. [PMID: 33717027 PMCID: PMC7952651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is a unique report of the utilization of Trichoderma strains collected from even tree barks for rice plant growth, its health management, and paddy straw degradation. Seven different spp. of Trichoderma were characterized according to morphological and molecular tools. Two of the isolated strains, namely Trichoderma hebeiensis and Trichoderma erinaceum, outperformed the other strains. Both of the strains controlled four important rice pathogens, i.e., Rhizoctonia solani (100%), Sclerotium oryzae (84.17%), Sclerotium rolfsii (66.67%), and Sclerotium delphinii (76.25%). Seed bio-priming with respective Trichoderma strains reduced the mean germination time, enhanced the seedling vigor and total chlorophyll content which could be related to the higher yield observed in two rice varieties; Annapurna and Satabdi. All the seven strains accelerated the decomposition of rice straw by producing higher straw degrading enzymes like total cellulase (0.97–2.59 IU/mL), endoglucanase (0.53–0.75 IU/mL), xylanase (145.35–201.35 nkat/mL), and laccase (2.48–12.60 IU/mL). They also produced higher quantities of indole acetic acid (19.19–46.28 μg/mL), soluble phosphate (297.49–435.42 μg/mL), and prussic acid (0.01–0.37 μg/mL) which are responsible for plant growth promotion and the inhibition of rice pathogen populations. Higher expression of defense enzymes like catalase (≥250% both in shoot and root), peroxidase (≥150% in root and ≥100% in shoot), superoxide dismutase (≥ 150% in root and ≥100% in shoot), polyphenol oxidase (≥160% in shoot and ≥120% in shoot), and total phenolics (≥200% in root and ≥250% in shoot) as compared to the control indicates stress tolerance ability to rice crop. The expression of the aforementioned enzymes were confirmed by the expression of corresponding defense genes like PAL (>3-fold), DEFENSIN (>1-fold), POX (>1.5-fold), LOX (>1-fold), and PR-3 (>2-fold) as compared to the non-treated control plants. This investigation demonstrates that Trichoderma strains obtained from tree bark could be considered to be utilized for the sustainable health management of rice crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harekrushna Swain
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India.,Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Totan Adak
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Arup K Mukherjee
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Sarmistha Sarangi
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Pankajini Samal
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Ansuman Khandual
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Rupalin Jena
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Soumendra K Naik
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Sayaji T Mehetre
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, India
| | - Mathew S Baite
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Sunil Kumar M
- International Rice Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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