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A rapid and highly sensitive evaluation of polymer composite aging with linear correlation to real-time aging. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338632. [PMID: 34088370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of polymer aging is very important for the long-term performance of polymer materials, but it remains a challenge to correlate accelerated evaluations with the real-time procedures. Here we develop a novel in-situ aging evaluation system for rapid and sensitive aging evaluations of polymer materials within hours under multiple environmental conditions. It is carried out by in-situ detecting the generation rate of trace gaseous degradation products, e.g. CO2, of polymer materials in a specially designed reaction cell during aging under environmental conditions with various UV irradiation, temperature and humidity. The advantages of this system were demonstrated by applying to evaluate the photo-oxidation of polypropylene (PP)-CaCO3 composites, including stability evaluation, aging status analysis, aging kinetics measurements and study on effects of UV irradiation intensity and humidity. The CO2 generation rate of PP-CaCO3 composites measured in this system is well correlated to carbonyl indices during 120-day natural weathering. A linear relationship was observed between the generation rate of CO2 and the natural logarithm of the carbonyl index. The activation energy of the photo-oxidation of PP-CaCO3 composites was calculated based on generation rates of CO2 at different temperatures in the range of 30-80 °C. The increase of UV irradiation intensity and humidity both enhanced the generation rate of CO2 of PP composites, and the presence of CaCO3 fillers promoted the sensitivity of PP photo-oxidation to both of UV irradiation intensity and humidity. This study provides a new approach to rapid and highly sensitive evaluation of polymer composite aging under multiple environmental conditions.
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Firestone G, Huang H, Bochinski JR, Clarke LI. Photothermally-driven thermo-oxidative degradation of low density polyethylene: heterogeneous heating plus a complex reaction leads to homogeneous chemistry. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:475706. [PMID: 31416060 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3bc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal heating from embedded nanoparticles, a process whereby visible light is converted into heat resulting in a high temperature in each particle's immediate vicinity, was utilized to degrade low density polyethylene (LDPE) via thermo-oxidation. The spatially-varying steady-state photothermal temperature field is a potential mechanism by which ambient light (e.g. sunlight) could be used to drive chemical reactions within solid materials and may result in a non-uniform pattern of products, an advantage or disadvantage depending on application. Novel approaches to control polymer degradation are of interest because of the goal of remediating plastic waste, including autonomous means to minimize its effect when unconfined in the environment. For thermoplastic auto-oxidation, heterogeneous degradation would likely enhance deleterious micro-fragmentation however, the multi-step, multi-site nature of the reaction mitigated the temperature non-uniformity. A photothermally-heated LDPE nanocomposite with silver nanoparticle and cobalt-stearate additives showed degradation, characterized by ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and mechanical testing, nearly identical to that resulting from uniform conventional treatment at the same average temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Firestone
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
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Colangiuli D, Lettieri M, Masieri M, Calia A. Field study in an urban environment of simultaneous self-cleaning and hydrophobic nanosized TiO 2-based coatings on stone for the protection of building surface. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2919-2930. [PMID: 30373068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide based nanocomposites for stone coating have been found to be promising in laboratory conditions to obtain manifold protective actions against pollution and weathering affecting the outdoor built heritage. Lasting performances in real conditions of these multifunctional coatings have been scarcely examined, although this is a key issue in evaluating their potential for applications in a real building context and their optimization. This paper illustrates a field study aimed at investigating simultaneous hydrophobic and self-cleaning effectiveness, on the medium-long run, of TiO2 NPs/fluoropolymer coatings applied on a limestone. The samples coated with the nanocomposites were exposed for one year in an urban environment and their surface was monitored. Hydrophobic properties were checked through contact angle measurements and a capillary water absorption test, while self-cleaning efficiency was evaluated by a photodegradation test of Rhodamine B. Optical microscopy observations and colour measurements were also performed. In addition, the contents of Ti and water-soluble ions on the sample surfaces were determined by X-ray Fluorescence and ion chromatography, respectively. The overall findings showed that TiO2 NPs did not affect the ability of the polymer to protect the stone surface against water penetration. The coatings were able to preserve the surfaces from dirt. However, photocatalytic efficiency progressively decreased, due to the loss of the photocatalyst from the coating surface, which may be attributed to a polymer modification by ageing. The embedding of nanosized titania within the polymer limited the adsorption and accumulation of soluble salt ions on the coated surface, which may increase the stone damage risk. The study supports that TiO2 NPs embedded in a fluoropolymer host matrix to appropriate amounts may be a suitable option to obtain stone coatings with both barrier effects against water penetration into the stone and photocatalytic ability, and provides useful knowledge for the improvement of these nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Colangiuli
- IBAM-CNR (Institute of Archaeological and Monumental Heritage), University Campus, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M Lettieri
- IBAM-CNR (Institute of Archaeological and Monumental Heritage), University Campus, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - M Masieri
- IBAM-CNR (Institute of Archaeological and Monumental Heritage), University Campus, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - A Calia
- IBAM-CNR (Institute of Archaeological and Monumental Heritage), University Campus, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Fonseca FMC, Patricio PSO, Souza SD, Oréfice RL. Prodegradant effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticulates on polypropylene-polyhydroxybutyrate blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio M. C. Fonseca
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais; Universidade Federal Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | - Sâmara D. Souza
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Oréfice
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais; Universidade Federal Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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A novel in-situ aging evaluation method by FTIR and the application to thermal oxidized nitrile rubber. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Booshehri AY, Wang R, Xu R. Fabrication of a catalytic polymer composite sheet enabling visible light-driven photocatalytic disinfection of water. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Babetto AS, Agnelli JAM, Bettini SHP. Avaliação de sistemas pró-degradantes na degradação termooxidativa do PEAD. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Sistemas pró-degradantes fundamentados em estearatos de ferro e de manganês e o aditivo comercial d2w, fundamentado em sal orgânico de manganês, foram avaliados em filmes de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) em ambiente termooxidativo (estufa a 80 °C e ausência de luz). A degradação termooxidativa foi monitorada por propriedades mecânicas, espectroscopia de infravermelho e cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho. Os resultados mostram que ambos os metais aceleram a degradação termooxidativa do PEAD. Entretanto, o desempenho pró-degradante do estearato de manganês é significativamente superior ao do estearato de ferro. Para o ferro, a degradação aumenta com o aumento da concentração do metal, enquanto que o manganês apresenta valor máximo de degradação em função da concentração. O estado de oxidação do ferro não interfere no desempenho pró-degradante. O aditivo comercial d2wTM acelera, significativamente, a termooxidação do PEAD, mas seu desempenho é inferior ao estearato de manganês provavelmente em função do conjunto de estabilizantes adicionados ao produto comercial.
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Liu X, Gao C, Sangwan P, Yu L, Tong Z. Accelerating the degradation of polyolefins through additives and blending. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxun Liu
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Parveen Sangwan
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Long Yu
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Zhen Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
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Qi L, Ding Y, Dong Q, Wen B, Wang F, Zhang S, Yang M. Photostabilization of polypropylene by surface modified rutile-type TiO2nanorods. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxiao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute, Co., Ltd.; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
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Liang W, Luo Y, Song S, Dong X, Yu X. High photocatalytic degradation activity of polyethylene containing polyacrylamide grafted TiO2. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Thomas RT, Sandhyarani N. Enhancement in the photocatalytic degradation of low density polyethylene–TiO2 nanocomposite films under solar irradiation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nikolic M, Gauthier E, George K, Cash G, de Jonge MD, Howard DL, Paterson D, Laycock B, Halley PJ, George G. Antagonism between transition metal pro-oxidants in polyethylene films. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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