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Ahmad H, Rodrigue D. Crosslinked polyethylene: A review on the crosslinking techniques, manufacturing methods, applications, and recycling. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hibal Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering Université Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering Université Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada
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2
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Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ground Tire Rubber Blends Using Peroxide Vulcanization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091496. [PMID: 34066622 PMCID: PMC8124148 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) blends using Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent were prepared with the following aims: propose a new route to recycle wastes rubber from the automotive industry and improve the toughness and impact strength of the inherently brittle bio-based PLA. The GTR were subjected to two types of grinding process (cryo- and dry ambient grinding). Swelling measurements revealed the grinding to be associated with a mechanical damage of the rubber chains, independently on the type of grinding or on the GTR size (from <400 µm to <63 µm). Moreover, the finest GTR contains the largest amount of reinforcing elements (carbon black, clay) that can be advantageously used in PLA/GTR blends. Indeed, the use of the finest cryo-grinded GTR in the presence of DCP showed the least decrease of the tensile strength (−30%); maintenance of the tensile modulus and the largest improvement of the strain at break (+80%), energy at break (+60%) and impact strength (+90%) as compared to the neat PLA. The results were attributed to the good dispersion of both fine GTR and clay particles into the PLA matrix. Moreover, a possible re-crosslinking of the GTR particles and/or co-crosslinking at PLA/GTR interface in presence of DCP is expected to contribute to such improved ductility and impact strength.
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3
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Sun F, Yang S, Wang Q. Selective Decomposition Process and Mechanism of Si–O–Si Cross-Linking Bonds in Silane Cross-Linked Polyethylene by Solid-State Shear Milling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fasen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuangqiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Study and Characterization of the Dielectric Behavior of Low Linear Density Polyethylene Composites Mixed with Ground Tire Rubber Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051075. [PMID: 32397107 PMCID: PMC7285338 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The waste rubber vulcanizate, on account of its stable, cross-linked and three-dimensional structural arrangement, is difficult to biodegrade. Thus, the ever-increasing bulk of worn-out tires is a serious environmental issue and its safe disposal is still a challenging task reported widely by the scientific community. The rubber materials, once they end their useful life, may present difficulties to be reused or recycled. At present, only one tire recycling method is used, which involves grinding and separating steel and fibers from vulcanized rubber, and then using rubber for industrial applications, such as flooring, insulation, footwear. In this paper, a new compound material is presented from a base of reused tire powder (Ground Tire Rubber: GTR) as a mixer and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) as a matrix. The reused tire powder, resulting from grinding industrial processes, is separated by sieving into just one category of particle size (<200 μm) and mixed with the LLDPE in different amounts (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50% and 70% GTR). Due to the good electrical properties of the LLDPE, this study’s focus is settled on the electrical behavior of the obtained composites. The test of the dielectric behavior is carried out by means of DEA test (Dynamic Electric Analysis), undertaken at a range of temperatures varying from 30 to 120 °C, and with a range of frequencies from 1 to 102, to 3·106 Hz, from which permittivity, conductivity, dielectric constant and electric modulus have been obtained. From these experimental results and their analysis, it can be drawn that the additions of different quantities of GTR to LLDPE could be used as industrial applications, such as universal electrical cable joint, filler for electrical applications or cable tray systems and cable ladder system.
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Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on linear low-density polyethylene/styrene-butadiene rubber/nanoclay/bitumen: morphology and rheological behavior. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Moghaddamzadeh S, Rodrigue D. Rheological characterization of polyethylene/polyester recycled tire fibers/ground tire rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siavosh Moghaddamzadeh
- CREPEC, Research center for high performance polymer and composite systems; Université Laval; Quebec Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada
- CQMF, Quebec Centre on Functional Materials; Université Laval; Quebec Quebeck G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CERMA; Université Laval; Quebec Quebeck G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- CREPEC, Research center for high performance polymer and composite systems; Université Laval; Quebec Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada
- CQMF, Quebec Centre on Functional Materials; Université Laval; Quebec Quebeck G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CERMA; Université Laval; Quebec Quebeck G1V 0A6 Canada
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7
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Ning N, Li S, Wu H, Tian H, Yao P, HU GH, Tian M, Zhang L. Preparation, microstructure, and microstructure-properties relationship of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs): A review. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Danielli Bastos de Sousa F, Scuracchio CH, Hu GH, Hoppe S. Effects of processing parameters on the properties of microwave-devulcanized ground tire rubber/polyethylene dynamically revulcanized blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa
- Technology Development Center - CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel); Rua Félix da Cunha, 809 Pelotas Centro 96010-000 Brazil RS
- CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP); 1 Rue Grandville Nancy BP20451, 54001 France
| | - Carlos Henrique Scuracchio
- Materials Engineering Department (DEMa); Universidade Federal da São Carlos (UFSCar); Washington Luís (SP-310), Km 235 São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP); 1 Rue Grandville Nancy BP20451, 54001 France
| | - Sandrine Hoppe
- CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP); 1 Rue Grandville Nancy BP20451, 54001 France
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9
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Lima PS, Oliveira JM, Costa VAF. Crystallization kinetics of thermoplastic elastomeric blends based on ground tyre rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S. Lima
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies; University of Aveiro; Estrada do Cercal 449 3720-509 Santiago de Riba-Ul Portugal
| | - José M. Oliveira
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies; University of Aveiro; Estrada do Cercal 449 3720-509 Santiago de Riba-Ul Portugal
- CICECO, University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Vítor A. F. Costa
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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10
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Sousa FDBD, Gouveia JR, Camargo Filho PMFD, Vidotti SE, Scuracchio CH, Amurin LG, Valera TS. Blends of ground tire rubber devulcanized by microwaves/HDPE - Part B: influence of clay addition. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Huang K, Isayev AI. Comparison between decrosslinking of crosslinked high and low density polyethylenes via ultrasonically aided extrusion. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Partial replacement of EPR by GTR in highly flowable PP/EPR blends: Effects on morphology and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Wang S, Yuan C, Jiaxi D. Crumb tire rubber and polyethylene mutually stabilized in asphalt by screw extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Conghui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Deng Jiaxi
- Guangxi Key Lab of Road Structure and Materials; Nanning 53000 China
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14
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Huang K, Isayev AI. Ultrasonic decrosslinking of crosslinked high-density polyethylene: effect of degree of crosslinking. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04860a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The normalized gel fraction versus the normalized crosslink density of the decrosslinked 1% (a), 2% (b) and 4% (c) XHDPE. Dotted and dashed lines represent Horikx function fits, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Huang
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
| | - Avraam I. Isayev
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
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15
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Isayev AI, Huang K. Decrosslinking of crosslinked high-density polyethylene via ultrasonically aided single-screw extrusion. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avraam I. Isayev
- Department of Polymer Engineering; The University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325-0301
| | - Keyuan Huang
- Department of Polymer Engineering; The University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325-0301
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16
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Lima P, Oliveira J, Costa V. Partial replacement of EPDM by GTR in thermoplastic elastomers based on PP/EPDM: Effects on morphology and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Lima
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies; University of Aveiro, Edifício Rainha, 5º Piso; 3720-232 Oliveira de Azeméis Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies; University of Aveiro, Edifício Rainha, 5º Piso; 3720-232 Oliveira de Azeméis Portugal
- CICECO; University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Vitor Costa
- Department Mechanical Engineering; University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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17
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Zhang XX, Li H, Tian D, He X, Lu CH. Enhancement of thermal aging performance and oil resistance of acrylic rubber vulcanisates by adding devulcanised ground fluoroelastomer ultrafine powder as functional filler. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1433075x11y.0000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - D Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - X He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - C H Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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18
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Zhou ZH, Zhang XX, Tian D, Xiong R, Lu CH. Solvent free synthesis of polyaniline with improved molecular weight through solid state mechanochemical milling at ambient temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1433075x12y.0000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. H. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - X. X. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - D. Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - R. Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - C. H. Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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19
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Hassan MM, Aly RO, Abdel Aal S, El-Masry AM, Fathy E. Mechanochemical devulcanization and gamma irradiation of devulcanized waste rubber/high density polyethylene thermoplastic elastomer. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Chen Y, Nie X, Zou H, Liang M, Liu P. Structure and tensile properties change of LDPE/UHMWPE blends via solid state shear milling. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Xin Nie
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
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21
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Zou H, Chen Y, Liang M, Liu P. Effect of solid-state stress induced reaction on morphology and structure of metallocene polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zou
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
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22
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Wang M, Zhang X, Zhang W, Tian D, Lu C. Thermoplastic polyurethane composites prepared from mechanochemically activated waste cotton fabric and reclaimed polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Zhang X, Lu Z, Tian D, Li H, Lu C. Mechanochemical devulcanization of ground tire rubber and its application in acoustic absorbent polyurethane foamed composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Lu Z, Zhang X, Tian D, Li H, Lu C. Mechanochemical preparation of devulcanized ground fluoroelastomers for the enhancement of the thermal stability of nitrile-butadiene rubber vulcanizates. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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