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Yang Y, Wang R, Leng Y, Wang J, Xu M. An Integrated Multi-Functional Thermal Conductive and Flame Retardant Epoxy Composite with Functionalized Carbon Nitride Nanosheets. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3143. [PMID: 37514531 PMCID: PMC10385693 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In miniaturized and integrated electronic devices, thermal potential and fire hazards caused by heat diffusion require an efficient thermal management system with versatile electronic packaging equipment. The flame retardancy was endowed on the surface of carbon nitride after thermal etching (CNNS) containing piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP) by hydrogen bonding, and the obtained nanosheet was defined as PPAP-CNNS. During solution blending and program-controlled curing, PPAP-CNNS was used as a multifunctional filler to fabricate highly thermoconductive and fire retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites. In line with expectations, the resultant EP composites containing 7 wt% PPAP-CNNS had an exceptional thermal conductivity (TC) of 1.1 W·m-1K-1, which was 4.8 times higher than pure EP. Simultaneously, there was a sharp drop in the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) compared to pure EP. These reductions were, respectively, 63.7%, 54.2%, 17.9%, and 57.2%. The addition of PPAP-CNNS increased the specific surface area, which increased the heat conduction routes, and also the shape of the compact and solid char layer during burning, protecting the underlying polymer. These improvements to dispersion and surface functionalization were made possible by the compound. These results indicate that the preparation of integrated multi-functional resin described in this study has a wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Leng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingchun Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Kang X, Liu Y, Chen N, Feng W, Liu B, Xu Y, Li J, Ding T, Fang X. Influence of modified ammonium polyphosphate on the fire behavior and mechanical properties of polyformaldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Kang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Ningxuan Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Weili Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Baoying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Jiantong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Tao Ding
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
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Yang Z, Shan J, Huang Y, Dong X, Zheng W, Jin Y, Zhou W. Preparation and mechanism of free‐radical/cationic hybrid photosensitive resin with high tensile strength for three‐dimensional printing applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yang
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Junyang Shan
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuchen Huang
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Xianming Dong
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Wenxu Zheng
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yifei Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA
| | - Wuyi Zhou
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
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Baby A, Tretsiakova-McNally S, Arun M, Joseph P, Zhang J. Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance. Molecules 2020; 25:E3779. [PMID: 32825185 PMCID: PMC7504409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene, despite its high flammability, is widely used as a thermal insulation material for buildings, for food packaging, in electrical and automotive industries, etc. A number of modification routes have been explored to improve the fire retardance and boost the thermal stability of commercially important styrene-based polymeric products. The earlier strategies mostly involved the use of halogenated fire retardants. Nowadays, these compounds are considered to be persistent pollutants that are hazardous to public and environmental health. Many well-known halogen-based fire retardants, regardless of their chemical structures and modes of action, have been withdrawn from built environments in the European Union, USA, and Canada. This had triggered a growing research interest in, and an industrial demand for, halogen-free alternatives, which not only will reduce the flammability but also address toxicity and bioaccumulation issues. Among the possible options, phosphorus-containing compounds have received greater attention due to their excellent fire-retarding efficiencies and environmentally friendly attributes. Numerous reports were also published on reactive and additive modifications of polystyrene in different forms, particularly in the last decade; hence, the current article aims to provide a critical review of these publications. The authors mainly intend to focus on the chemistries of phosphorous compounds, with the P atom being in different chemical environments, used either as reactive, or additive, fire retardants in styrene-based materials. The chemical pathways and possible mechanisms behind the fire retardance are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloshy Baby
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Malavika Arun
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Paul Joseph
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
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Shan J, Yang Z, Chen G, Hu Y, Luo Y, Dong X, Zheng W, Zhou W. Design and Synthesis of Free-Radical/Cationic Photosensitive Resin Applied for 3D Printer with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1346. [PMID: 32549217 PMCID: PMC7361968 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, aiming at a UV-curing 3D printing process with liquid crystal display (LCD) irradiation, a novel free-radical/cationic hybrid photosensitive resin was designed and prepared. After testing, the results showed that the acrylate monomers could be polymerized through a free-radical mechanism, while the epoxides were polymerized by a cationic curing mechanism. During the process of UV-curing, the acrylate and epoxide polymers were crosslinked and further locked together by non-covalent bonds. Therefore, an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure could be formed through light-curing 3D-printing processes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl formate and acrylic resin were both successfully involved in the UV-curing process. Furthermore, in order to make the 3D-printed objects cured completely, post-processing was of great importance. The results from the systematic study of the dynamic mechanical properties of the printed objects showed that the heating treatment process after UV irradiation was very necessary and favorable for the complete cationic polymerization of UV-6110 induced by Irgacure 261. The optimum heating treatment conditions were achieved at a temperature of 70 °C for 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Shan
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Zijun Yang
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Guoguang Chen
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Yang Hu
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Ying Luo
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Xianming Dong
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxu Zheng
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wuyi Zhou
- Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (Z.Y.); (G.C.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Dai K, Sun S, Xu W, Song Y, Deng Z, Qian X. Covalently-functionalized graphene oxide via introduction of bifunctional phosphorus-containing molecules as an effective flame retardant for polystyrene. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24993-25000. [PMID: 35542164 PMCID: PMC9082456 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalently-functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was successfully prepared by grafting a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant, [2-((6-oxidodibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinin-6-yl)methoxy)acryloxyethylchlorophosphate, PACP], to graphene oxide (GO). The resulting FGO demonstrated hydrophobicity and stability in polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The reactive vinyl groups of PACP attached to FGO further copolymerized with styrene to produce polystyrene-FGO (PS-FGO) nanocomposites. PS-FGO samples showed obviously improved fire-resistance, thermal behavior and glass transition temperature in comparison with those of neat PS and PS-GO samples, due to the good dispersion of FGO in PS as well as the strong interfacial bonds between FGO and the matrix. In addition, thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) results indicated that the evolution of volatile products from PS decomposition was significantly inhibited by the introduction of FGO. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the char residue, elaborating the flame-retardance mechanism. A covalently-functionalized graphene oxide with excellent flame retardancy was successfully prepared.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy
- Langfang
- P. R. China
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Cui J, Zhu C, He M, Ke Z, Liu Y, Tai Q, Xiao X, Hu Y. Preparation and thermal properties of a novel core-shell structure flame-retardant copolymer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Cui
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Changjiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
- Suzhou Enhand Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.; Suzhou China
| | - Mingshan He
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Zhenkun Ke
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Yu Liu
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Qilong Tai
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Xifu Xiao
- Suzhou Enhand Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.; Suzhou China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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Yan YW, Huang JQ, Guan YH, Shang K, Jian RK, Wang YZ. Flame retardance and thermal degradation mechanism of polystyrene modified with aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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