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Rodrigues JGP, Arias S, Pacheco JGA, Dias ML. Structure and thermal behavior of biobased vitrimer of lactic acid and epoxidized canola oil. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33613-33624. [PMID: 38019990 PMCID: PMC10652253 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06272d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobased vitrimers were obtained from epoxidized canola oil (ECO) and lactic acid (LA) using zinc acetate (ZnAc) and ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (ZnAl) in the proportions of 1 and 2 wt% as transesterification catalysts. Reactions containing ECO and LA showed an average enthalpy of cure of approximately 85 mJ mg-1 and materials cured in the presence of the catalysts showed lower enthalpies of cure and decrease in the material gel content. ECO-LA reaction generated materials with rubber-like properties with Tg ranging from -15 °C to -23 °C, where the material without a catalyst showed the higher Tg value. The presence of catalysts gave the material vitrimer properties, with the softening point associated with transesterification reactions and topology freezing temperature transition at temperatures (Tv) between 195-235 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel P Rodrigues
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Santiago Arias
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Lopes Dias
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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2
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Zhou R, Wu X, Bao X, Wu F, Han X, Wang J. The Effect of Polyepoxyphenylsilsesquioxane and Diethyl Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate on the Thermal Stability of Epoxy Resin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2077-2084. [PMID: 36687112 PMCID: PMC9850774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyepoxyphenylsilsesquioxane (PEPSQ) and diethyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylphosphonate (DBAMP) can improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). In this paper, the results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 tests exhibited that PEPSQ and DBAMP had good synergistic flame retardancy. The non-isothermal degradation kinetics of EP containing PEPSQ and DBAMP was investigated by the Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. The results of the Kissinger method displayed that the addition of two flame retardants, PEPSQ and DBAMP, can slightly enhance the activation energy of EP, indicating that the additives delayed the thermal degradation of EP. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method further confirmed that the activation energy of EP during the whole thermal degradation process can be significantly increased by addition of the two flame retardants PEPSQ and DBAMP. When the degree of conversion exceeded 80%, the increase was more significant. This illustrated that the flame retardants finally achieved the purpose of improving the flame retardancy of EP by stabilizing the char layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfan Zhou
- School
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo
University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xintong Wu
- School
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo
University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Bao
- School
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo
University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Fangyi Wu
- School
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo
University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Han
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and
Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing210037, China
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- School
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo
University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
- Zhejiang
Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo315201, China
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3
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Wang J. Mechanistic Study of the Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin With a Novel Phosphorus and Silicon-Containing Flame Retardant. J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1746023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Li S, Wang H, Liu M, Peng C, Wu Z. Epoxy-functionalized polysiloxane reinforced epoxy resin for cryogenic application. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Li
- Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Minjing Liu
- Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Cong Peng
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Materials and Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhanjun Wu
- Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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Chen S, Lv S, Hou G, Huo L, Gao J. Mechanical and thermal properties of biphenyldiol formaldehyde resin/gallic acid epoxy composites enhanced by graphene oxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
- Tangshan Sanyou Group Co., Ltd.; Tangshan 063305 China
| | - Shufang Lv
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Guixiang Hou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Li Huo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Jungang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
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Chairat A, Joulia X, Floquet P, Vergnes H, Ablitzer C, Fiquet O, Brothier M. Thermal degradation kinetics of a commercial epoxy resin-Comparative analysis of parameter estimation methods. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Chairat
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
| | - Xavier Joulia
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
| | - Pascal Floquet
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
| | - Hugues Vergnes
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
| | - Carine Ablitzer
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
| | - Olivier Fiquet
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
| | - Meryl Brothier
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
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Chruściel JJ, Leśniak E. Modification of epoxy resins with functional silanes, polysiloxanes, silsesquioxanes, silica and silicates. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang J, Li Y, Jin Y, Wang Z. Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Polyepoxyphenylsilsesquioxane/Epoxy Resin Systems from Isothermal Measurement. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2014.871956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Burescu AI, Sava I, Bruma M, Lisa G. Study of the thermal decomposition of some azopolyimides. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313498787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition of some polyimides containing pendent azobenzene groups was investigated with dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal degradation of azopolyimides took place in two or three steps. Traditional nonisothermal experiments involved linearizing an equation in some manner and fitting the resulting straight line to obtain the activation energy ( Ea). The variation in activation energy with conversion degree of these polymers, obtained from two different kinetic methods, such as Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Friedman, were compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ion Sava
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bruma
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Lisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Iasi, Romania
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