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Jadhav L, Patil R, Borane N, Patil SV, Mishra S, Patil V. Synthesis of polyurea nanocomposite from industrial waste lignin: Classical curing of isocyanate by lignin-polyamine. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Abstract
A critical review on the synthesis, characterization, and modeling of polymer grafting is presented. Although the motivation stemmed from grafting synthetic polymers onto lignocellulosic biopolymers, a comprehensive overview is also provided on the chemical grafting, characterization, and processing of grafted materials of different types, including synthetic backbones. Although polymer grafting has been studied for many decades—and so has the modeling of polymer branching and crosslinking for that matter, thereby reaching a good level of understanding in order to describe existing branching/crosslinking systems—polymer grafting has remained behind in modeling efforts. Areas of opportunity for further study are suggested within this review.
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Ganewatta MS, Lokupitiya HN, Tang C. Lignin Biopolymers in the Age of Controlled Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1176. [PMID: 31336845 PMCID: PMC6680560 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers made from natural biomass are gaining interest due to the rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources. Lignin isolated from lignocellulosic biomass is the second most abundant natural polymer next to cellulose. The paper pulp process produces industrial lignin as a byproduct that is mostly used for energy and has less significant utility in materials applications. High abundance, rich chemical functionalities, CO2 neutrality, reinforcing properties, antioxidant and UV blocking abilities, as well as environmental friendliness, make lignin an interesting substrate for materials and chemical development. However, poor processability, low reactivity, and intrinsic structural heterogeneity limit lignins' polymeric applications in high-performance advanced materials. With the advent of controlled polymerization methods such as ATRP, RAFT, and ADMET, there has been a great interest in academia and industry to make value-added polymeric materials from lignin. This review focuses on recent investigations that utilize controlled polymerization methods to generate novel lignin-based polymeric materials. Polymers developed from lignin-based monomers, various polymer grafting technologies, copolymer properties, and their applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra S Ganewatta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Ingevity Corporation, 5255 Virginia Avenue, North Charleston, SC 29406, USA.
| | - Hasala N Lokupitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Li Y, Vergaelen M, Pan X, Du Prez FE, Hoogenboom R, De Clerck K. In Situ Cross-Linked Nanofibers by Aqueous Electrospinning of Selenol-Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Wang F, Yang X, Zou Y. Effect of the maleation of lignosulfonate on the mechanical and thermal properties of lignosulfonate/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Materials (Ministry of Education); Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
| | - Xuping Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Materials (Ministry of Education); Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
| | - Yangxue Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Materials (Ministry of Education); Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
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Chen CH, Niko Y, Konishi GI. Amphiphilic gels of solvatochromic fluorescent poly(2-oxazoline)s containing D–π–A pyrenes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report amphiphilic, fluorescent, solvatochromic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (POZO-py) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOZO-py), which contain D–π–A pyrene dye units in their side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Gen-ichi Konishi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
- PRESTO
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8
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Lora JH. Lignin: A Platform for Renewable Aromatic Polymeric Materials. GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-53704-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Maharana T, Pattanaik S, Routaray A, Nath N, Sutar AK. Synthesis and characterization of poly(lactic acid) based graft copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Gupta C, Sverdlove MJ, Washburn NR. Molecular architecture requirements for polymer-grafted lignin superplasticizers. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2691-2699. [PMID: 25693832 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Superplasticizers are a class of anionic polymer dispersants used to inhibit aggregation in hydraulic cement, lowering the yield stress of cement pastes to improve workability and reduce water requirements. The plant-derived biopolymer lignin is commonly used as a low-cost/low-performance plasticizer, but attempts to improve its effects on cement rheology through copolymerization with synthetic monomers have not led to significant improvements. Here we demonstrate that kraft lignin can form the basis for high-performance superplasticizers in hydraulic cement, but the molecular architecture must be based on a lignin core with a synthetic-polymer corona that can be produced via controlled radical polymerization. Using slump tests of ordinary Portland cement pastes, we show that polyacrylamide-grafted lignin prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization can reduce the yield stress of cement paste to similar levels as a leading commercial polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer at concentrations ten-fold lower, although the lignin material produced via controlled radical polymerization does not appear to reduce the dynamic viscosity of cement paste as effectively as the polycarboxylate superplasticizer, despite having a similar affinity for the individual mineral components of ordinary Portland cement. In contrast, polyacrylamide copolymerized with a methacrylated kraft lignin via conventional free radical polymerization having a similar overall composition did not reduce the yield stress or the viscosity of cement pastes. While further work is required to elucidate the mechanism of this effect, these results indicate that controlling the architecture of polymer-grafted lignin can significantly enhance its performance as a superplasticizer for cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetali Gupta
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Diop A, Awada H, Zerrouki R, Daneault C, Montplaisir D. Tosylation and Characterization of Lignin in Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502543p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Diop
- Lignocellulosic
Materials Research Center, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada, G9A 5H7
| | - Houssein Awada
- Lignocellulosic
Materials Research Center, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada, G9A 5H7
| | - Rachida Zerrouki
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, 123, Av.
Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Claude Daneault
- Lignocellulosic
Materials Research Center, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada, G9A 5H7
| | - Daniel Montplaisir
- Lignocellulosic
Materials Research Center, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada, G9A 5H7
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Song K, Yeom E, Lee SJ. Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6466. [PMID: 25253083 PMCID: PMC5377328 DOI: 10.1038/srep06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mimosa pudica is a plant that rapidly shrinks its body in response to external stimuli. M. pudica does not perform merely simple movements, but exhibits a variety of movements that quickly change depending on the type of stimuli. Previous studies have investigated the motile mechanism of the plants from a biochemical perspective. However, an interdisciplinary study on the structural characteristics of M. pudica should be accompanied by biophysical research to explain the principles underlying such movements. In this study, the structural characteristics and seismonastic reactions of M. pudica were experimentally investigated using advanced bio-imaging techniques. The results show that the key factors for the flexible movements by the pulvinus are the following: bendable xylem bundle, expandable/shrinkable epidermis, tiny wrinkles for surface modification, and a xylem vessel network for efficient water transport. This study provides new insight for better understanding the M. pudica motile mechanism through structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahye Song
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Eunseop Yeom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
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Chauhan M, Gupta M, Singh B, Singh A, Gupta V. Effect of functionalized lignin on the properties of lignin–isocyanate prepolymer blends and composites. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Niko Y, Konishi GI. Polymer-Chain-Induced Tunable Luminescence Properties: Amphiphilic Poly(2-oxazoline)s Possessing a N,N-Dialkylpyrene-1-carboxamide Chromophore in the Side Chain. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Niko
- Department of Organic
and Polymeric
Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Gen-ichi Konishi
- Department of Organic
and Polymeric
Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012,
Japan
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