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Arza CR, Li X, İlk S, Liu Y, Demircan D, Zhang B. Biocompatible non-leachable antimicrobial polymers with a nonionic hyperbranched backbone and phenolic terminal units. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8064-8074. [PMID: 36111601 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop biocompatible non-leachable antimicrobial polymers without ionic structures. A series of nonionic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) with an isatin-based backbone and phenolic terminal units were synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures and thermal properties of the obtained HBPs were characterized by SEC, NMR, FTIR, TGA and DSC analyses. Disk diffusion assay revealed significant antibacterial activity of the obtained phenolic HBPs against nine different pathogenic bacteria. The presence of a methoxy or long alkyl group close to the phenolic unit enhanced the antibacterial effect against certain Gram positive and negative bacteria. The obtained nonionic HBPs were blended in polyester poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) films, which showed no noticeable leakage after being immersed in water for 5 days. Finally, these HBPs showed no cytotoxicity effect to MG-63 osteoblast-like human cells according to MTT analysis, and negligible hemolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Arza
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sedef İlk
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, TR-51240 Niğde, Turkey
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deniz Demircan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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Li X, İlk S, Linares-Pastén JA, Liu Y, Raina DB, Demircan D, Zhang B. Synthesis, Enzymatic Degradation, and Polymer-Miscibility Evaluation of Nonionic Antimicrobial Hyperbranched Polyesters with Indole or Isatin Functionalities. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2256-2271. [PMID: 33900740 PMCID: PMC8382248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
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Most macromolecular
antimicrobials are ionic and thus lack miscibility/compatibility
with nonionic substrate materials. In this context, nonionic hyperbranched
polyesters (HBPs) with indole or isatin functionality were rationally
designed, synthesized, and characterized. Antimicrobial disk diffusion
assay indicated that these HBPs showed significant antibacterial activity
against 8 human pathogenic bacteria compared to small molecules with
indole or isatin groups. According to DSC measurements, up to 20%
indole-based HBP is miscible with biodegradable polyesters (polyhydroxybutyrate
or polycaprolactone), which can be attributed to the favorable hydrogen
bonding between the N–H moiety of indole and the C=O
of polyesters. HBPs with isatin or methylindole were completely immiscible
with the same matrices. None of the HBPs leaked out from plastic matrix
after being immersed in water for 5 days. The incorporation of indole
into HBPs as well as small molecules facilitated their enzymatic degradation
with PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis, while isatin
had a complex impact. Molecular docking simulations of monomeric molecules
with PETase revealed different orientations of the molecules at the
active site due to the presence of indole or isatin groups, which
could be related to the observed different enzymatic degradation behavior.
Finally, biocompatibility analysis with a mammalian cell line showed
the negligible cytotoxic effect of the fabricated HBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sedef İlk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 Niǧde, Turkey.,School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopedics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Deepak Bushan Raina
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopedics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Deniz Demircan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Palladium Catalysts Based on Porous Aromatic Frameworks, Modified with Ethanolamino-Groups, for Hydrogenation of Alkynes, Alkenes and Dienes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work describes an attempt to synthesize hybrid materials combining porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) and dendrimers and use them to obtain novel highly active and selective palladium catalysts. PAFs are carbon porous materials with rigid aromatic structure and high stability, and the dendrimers are macromolecules which can effectively stabilize metal nanoparticles and tune their activity in catalytic reactions. Two porous aromatic frameworks, PAF-20 and PAF-30, are modified step-by-step with diethanolamine and hydroxyl groups at the ends of which are replaced by new diethanolamine molecules. Then, palladium nanoparticles are applied to the synthesized materials. Properties of the obtained materials and catalysts are investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, low temperature N2 adsorption and elemental analysis. The resulting catalysts are successfully applied as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes at very high (up to 90,000) substrate/Pd ratios.
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Mhlwatika Z, Aderibigbe BA. Polymeric Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Antimalarials. Molecules 2018; 23:E2527. [PMID: 30279405 PMCID: PMC6222303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite which is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes around tropical and sub-tropical regions. Half of the world's population is at risk of being infected by malaria. This mainly includes children, pregnant women and people living with chronic diseases. The main factor that has contributed to the spread of this disease is the increase in the number of drug-resistant parasites. To overcome drug resistance, researchers have developed drug delivery systems from biodegradable polymers for the loading of antimalarials. The drug delivery systems were characterized by distinct features such as good biocompatibility, high percentage drug encapsulation, reduced drug toxicity and targeted drug delivery. In this review article, we highlight the various types of drug delivery systems developed from polymeric nanocarriers used for the delivery of antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandile Mhlwatika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
| | - Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
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Mhlwatika Z, Aderibigbe BA. Application of Dendrimers for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:E2205. [PMID: 30200314 PMCID: PMC6225509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are drug delivery systems that are characterized by a three-dimensional, star-shaped, branched macromolecular network. They possess ideal properties such as low polydispersity index, biocompatibility and good water solubility. They are made up of the interior and the exterior layers. The exterior layer consists of functional groups that are useful for conjugation of drugs and targeting moieties. The interior layer exhibits improved drug encapsulation efficiency, reduced drug toxicity, and controlled release mechanisms. These unique properties make them useful for drug delivery. Dendrimers have attracted considerable attention as drug delivery system for the treatment of infectious diseases. The treatment of infectious diseases is hampered severely by drug resistance. Several properties of dendrimers such as their ability to overcome drug resistance, toxicity and control the release mechanism of the encapsulated drugs make them ideal systems for the treatment of infectious disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the potentials of dendrimers for the treatment of viral and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandile Mhlwatika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
| | - Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
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Bakhshi H, Agarwal S. Dendrons as active clicking tool for generating non-leaching antibacterial materials. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01105e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendrons with a focal point and quaternary ammonium peripheral groups are tools for making non-active polymers and surfaces antibacterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bakhshi
- Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces
- University of Bayreuth
- Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces
- University of Bayreuth
- Bayreuth
- Germany
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Jain A, Duvvuri LS, Farah S, Beyth N, Domb AJ, Khan W. Antimicrobial polymers. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1969-85. [PMID: 25408272 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Better health is basic requirement of human being, but the rapid growth of harmful pathogens and their serious health effects pose a significant challenge to modern science. Infections by pathogenic microorganisms are of great concern in many fields such as medical devices, drugs, hospital surfaces/furniture, dental restoration, surgery equipment, health care products, and hygienic applications (e.g., water purification systems, textiles, food packaging and storage, major or domestic appliances etc.) Antimicrobial polymers are the materials having the capability to kill/inhibit the growth of microbes on their surface or surrounding environment. Recently, they gained considerable interest for both academic research and industry and were found to be better than their small molecular counterparts in terms of enhanced efficacy, reduced toxicity, minimized environmental problems, resistance, and prolonged lifetime. Hence, efforts have focused on the development of antimicrobial polymers with all desired characters for optimum activity. In this Review, an overview of different antimicrobial polymers, their mechanism of action, factors affecting antimicrobial activity, and application in various fields are given. Recent advances and the current clinical status of these polymers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - L. Sailaja Duvvuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Shady Farah
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Jerusalem College of Engineering (JCE); Jerusalem 91120 Israel
| | - Nurit Beyth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; The Hebrew University-Hadassah Jerusalem; 91120 Israel
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Jerusalem College of Engineering (JCE); Jerusalem 91120 Israel
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500037 India
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