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Renewable Polymers Derived from Limonene. CHEMENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Renewable natural and synthetic basic substances can be used to produce biodegradable polymers. Several methods of the polymerization of terpene limonene have been evaluated. The polymerization methods evaluated are radical polymerization, cationic polymerization and thiol-ene polymerization. The free-radical polymerization of limonene with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator was carried out. The cationic polymerization of limonene was carried out using AlCl3 as a catalyst. The copolymerization of limonene with mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptoethyl ether without an initiator and with an AIBN initiator was studied and it was also shown that polymerization can proceed spontaneously. The resulting compounds were investigated by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The values of the molecular weight characteristics of the samples obtained are presented, such as: number-average molecular weight, hydrodynamic radius and characteristic viscosity, depending on the method of production. The coefficients α (molecular shape) in the Mark–Kuhn–Houwink equation are determined according to the established values of the characteristic viscosity. According to the values obtained, the AC molecules in solution have parameters α 0.14 to 0.26, which corresponds to a good solvent and the molecular shape-dense coil.
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Córdova T, Enríquez-Medrano FJ, Cartagena EM, Villanueva AB, Valencia L, Álvarez ENC, González RL, Díaz-de-León R. Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization of Sustainable Terpene Monomers Using a Neodymium-Based Catalyst System. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142907. [PMID: 35890683 PMCID: PMC9324384 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation involves the coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of biobased terpenes in order to obtain sustainable polymers from myrcene (My) and farnesene (Fa), using the ternary Ziegler–Natta catalyst system comprising [NdV3]/[Al(i-Bu)2H]/[Me2SiCl2] and Al(i-Bu)2H, which acts as cocatalyst and chain transfer agent (CTA). The polymers were produced with a yield above 85% according to the monomeric consumption at the end of the reaction, and the kinetic examination revealed that the catalyst system proceeded with a reversible chain transfer mechanism in the presence of 15–30 equiv. of CTA. The resulting polyterpenes showed narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.4–2.5) and a high percent of 1,4-cis microstructure in the presence of 1 equiv. of Me2SiCl2, having control of the molecular weight distribution in Ziegler–Natta catalytic systems that maintain a high generation of 1,4-cis microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Córdova
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No.140, Col. San Joseé de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (T.C.); (F.J.E.-M.); (E.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Francisco Javier Enríquez-Medrano
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No.140, Col. San Joseé de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (T.C.); (F.J.E.-M.); (E.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Eduardo Martínez Cartagena
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No.140, Col. San Joseé de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (T.C.); (F.J.E.-M.); (E.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Arnulfo Banda Villanueva
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No.140, Col. San Joseé de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (T.C.); (F.J.E.-M.); (E.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Luis Valencia
- Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Norrsken Hourse, Birger Jarlsgatan 57 C, SE-11356 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | | | - Ricardo López González
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No.140, Col. San Joseé de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (T.C.); (F.J.E.-M.); (E.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.G.); (R.D.-d.-L.)
| | - Ramón Díaz-de-León
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No.140, Col. San Joseé de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (T.C.); (F.J.E.-M.); (E.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.G.); (R.D.-d.-L.)
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Derdar H, Mitchell GR, Chaibedraa S, Mahendra VS, Cherifi Z, Bachari K, Chebout R, Touahra F, Meghabar R, Belbachir M. Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers and Nanocomposites from Limonene, Styrene and Organomodified-Clay Using Ultrasonic Assisted Method. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142820. [PMID: 35890596 PMCID: PMC9316819 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we report a simple synthesis method for preparation of copolymers and nanocomposites from limonene and styrene using clay as a catalyst. The copolymerization reaction is carried out by using a proton exchanged clay as a catalyst called Mag-H+. The effect of temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst were studied, and the obtained copolymer structure (lim-co-sty) is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular weight of the obtained copolymer is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and is about 4500 g·mol−1. The (lim-co-sty/Mag 1%, 3%, 7% and 10% by weight of clay) nanocomposites were prepared through polymer/clay mixture in solution method using ultrasonic irradiation, in the presence of Mag-CTA+ as green nano-reinforcing filler. The Mag-CTA+ is organophilic silicate clay prepared through a direct exchange process, using cetyltrimethylammonuim bromide (CTAB). The prepared lim-co-sty/Mag nanocomposites have been extensively characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis confirms the results obtained by XRD and clearly show that the obtained nanocomposites are partially exfoliated for the lower amount of clay (1% and 3% wt) and intercalated for higher amounts of clay (7% and 10% wt). Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated an enhancement of thermal stability of nanocomposites compared with the pure copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodhaifa Derdar
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Siège ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria; (H.D.); (Z.C.); (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Département de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N° 1524 El M’Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria; (S.C.); (R.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Geoffey Robert Mitchell
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Institute Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-080 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-244-569-441 or +351-962-426-925 or +44-7768-978014; Fax: +351-244-569-444
| | - Sarra Chaibedraa
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Département de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N° 1524 El M’Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria; (S.C.); (R.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Zakaria Cherifi
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Siège ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria; (H.D.); (Z.C.); (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Département de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N° 1524 El M’Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria; (S.C.); (R.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Khaldoun Bachari
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Siège ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria; (H.D.); (Z.C.); (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Redouane Chebout
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Siège ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria; (H.D.); (Z.C.); (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Fouzia Touahra
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Siège ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria; (H.D.); (Z.C.); (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Rachid Meghabar
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Département de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N° 1524 El M’Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria; (S.C.); (R.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Mohammed Belbachir
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Département de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N° 1524 El M’Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria; (S.C.); (R.M.); (M.B.)
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Constant E, King O, Weems AC. Bioderived 4D Printable Terpene Photopolymers from Limonene and β-Myrcene. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2342-2352. [PMID: 35608477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Green manufacturing and reducing our cultural dependency on petrochemicals have been topics of growing interest in the past decade, particularly for three-dimensional (3D) printable photopolymers where often toxic solvents and reagents have been required. Here, a simple solvent-free, free-radical polymerization is utilized to homo- and copolymerize limonene and β-myrcene monomers to produce oligomeric photopolymers (Mn < 11 kDa) displaying Newtonian, low viscosities (∼10 Pa × s) suitable for thiol-ene photo-cross-linking, yielding photoset materials in a digital light processing (DLP)-type 3D printer. The resulting photosets display tunable thermomechanical properties (poly(limonene) displays elastic moduli exceeding 1 GPa) compared with previous works focusing on monomeric terpenes as well as four-dimensional (4D) shape memory behavior. The utility of such photopolymers for biomedical applications is briefly considered on the premise of the hydrophilic nature (measured by contact angle) as well as their cytocompatibility upon seeding films with macrophages. These terpene-derived, green 4D photopolymers are shown to have promising physical behaviors suitable for an array of manufacturing and 3D printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Constant
- Biomedical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Olivia King
- Molecular and Chemical Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Andrew C Weems
- Biomedical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States.,Molecular and Chemical Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Translational Biosciences, Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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5
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Nitroxide-mediated polymerization of styrene and limonene in the framework of synthesis of potentially functional polymers using naturally occurring terpenes. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Maraveas C, Bayer IS, Bartzanas T. Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152465. [PMID: 34372069 PMCID: PMC8347842 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology have led to the production of sustainable antioxidants and natural monomers for food packaging and targeted drug delivery applications. Of particular importance is the synthesis of lignin polymers, and graft polymers, dopamine, and polydopamine, inulin, quercetin, limonene, and vitamins, due to their free radical scavenging ability, chemical potency, ideal functional groups for polymerization, abundance in the natural environment, ease of production, and activation of biological mechanisms such as the inhibition of the cellular activation of various signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK. The radical oxygen species are responsible for oxidative damage and increased susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular, degenerative musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes; such biological mechanisms are inhibited by both synthetic and naturally occurring antioxidants. The orientation of macromolecules in the presence of the plasticizing agent increases the suitability of quercetin in food packaging, while the commercial viability of terpenes in the replacement of existing non-renewable polymers is reinforced by the recyclability of the precursors (thyme, cannabis, and lemon, orange, mandarin) and marginal ecological effect and antioxidant properties. Emerging antioxidant nanoparticle polymers have a broad range of applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery, food fortification, biodegradation of synthetic polymers, and antimicrobial treatment and corrosion inhibition. The aim of the review is to present state-of-the-art polymers with intrinsic antioxidant properties, including synthesis scavenging activity, potential applications, and future directions. This review is distinct from other works given that it integrates different advances in antioxidant polymer synthesis and applications such as inulin, quercetin polymers, their conjugates, antioxidant-graft-polysaccharides, and polymerization vitamins and essential oils. One of the most comprehensive reviews of antioxidant polymers was published by Cirillo and Iemma in 2012. Since then, significant progress has been made in improving the synthesis, techniques, properties, and applications. The review builds upon existing research by presenting new findings that were excluded from previous reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthos Maraveas
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Ilker S. Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Thomas Bartzanas
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
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7
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Kawamura K, Nomura K. Ethylene Copolymerization with Limonene and β-Pinene: New Bio-Based Polyolefins Prepared by Coordination Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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8
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Marangoni Júnior L, Vieira RP, Jamróz E, Anjos CAR. Furcellaran: An innovative biopolymer in the production of films and coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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da Silva RVDCA, Vieira RP. An Experimental and Computational Approach on Controlled Radical Photopolymerization of Limonene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Valencia L, Enríquez-Medrano FJ, López González HR, Handa R, Caballero HS, Carrizales RM, Olivares-Romero JL, Díaz de León Gómez RE. Bio-elastomers based on polyocimene synthesized via coordination polymerization using neodymium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36539-36545. [PMID: 35517954 PMCID: PMC9057069 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards the development of eco-friendly alternatives of elastomeric materials, which can replace petroleum-based materials, it is crucial to explore different monomers and catalytic systems in order to find the best possible combinations for specific applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of polyocimene via coordination polymerization using two different neodymium-based catalysts (NdV3 and Nd(Oi-Pr)3), activated by alkylaluminums/organoboron compounds. By varying the type of co-catalyst species, halide donors, and reaction parameters, we have demonstrated the possibility to obtain polymers with a controlled microstructure and tunable properties, in terms of molecular weight characteristics and kinetics. Our results provide important insights towards the search for the optimum catalytic system to produce bio-elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valencia
- Materials Technology and Chemistry, Alfa Laval Tumba AB SE-14782 Tumba Sweden
| | | | - Héctor Ricardo López González
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos 25294 Saltillo Coahuila Mexico
| | - Rishab Handa
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Hened Saade Caballero
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos 25294 Saltillo Coahuila Mexico
| | - Ricardo Mendoza Carrizales
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos 25294 Saltillo Coahuila Mexico
| | - José Luis Olivares-Romero
- Institute of Ecology A.C., Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic® Campus III, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351 91070 Xalapa Veracruz Mexico
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11
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Scholten PBV, Moatsou D, Detrembleur C, Meier MAR. Progress Toward Sustainable Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000266. [PMID: 32686239 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent focus of media and governments on renewability, green chemistry, and circular economy has led to a surge in the synthesis of renewable monomers and polymers. In this review, focussing on renewable monomers for reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP), it is highlighted that for the majority of the monomers and polymers reported, the claim to renewability is not always accurate. By closely examining the sustainability of synthetic routes and the renewability of starting materials, fully renewable monomers are identified and discussed in terms of sustainability, polymerization behavior, and properties obtained after polymerization. The holistic discussion considering the overall preparation process of polymers, that is, monomer syntheses, origin of starting materials, solvents used, the type of RDRP technique utilized, and the purification method, allows to highlight certain topics which need to be addressed in order to progress toward not only (partially) renewable, but sustainable monomers and polymers using RDRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B V Scholten
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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12
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Abstract
The use of renewable terpene-based monomers for the preparation of sustainable functional polymers is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
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13
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John G, Nagarajan S, Vemula PK, Silverman JR, Pillai C. Natural monomers: A mine for functional and sustainable materials – Occurrence, chemical modification and polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Drozdov F, Cherkaev G, Muzafarov A. Synthesis of new functional siloxane derivatives of limonene. Part I: Combination of hydrosilylation and hydrothiolation reactions. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Derdar H, Belbachir M, Hennaoui F, Akeb M, Harrane A. Green Copolymerization of Limonene with β-Pinene Catalyzed by an Eco-Catalyst Maghnite-H+. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090418050056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Nakajima H, Dijkstra P, Loos K. The Recent Developments in Biobased Polymers toward General and Engineering Applications: Polymers that are Upgraded from Biodegradable Polymers, Analogous to Petroleum-Derived Polymers, and Newly Developed. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100523. [PMID: 30965822 PMCID: PMC6418730 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main motivation for development of biobased polymers was their biodegradability, which is becoming important due to strong public concern about waste. Reflecting recent changes in the polymer industry, the sustainability of biobased polymers allows them to be used for general and engineering applications. This expansion is driven by the remarkable progress in the processes for refining biomass feedstocks to produce biobased building blocks that allow biobased polymers to have more versatile and adaptable polymer chemical structures and to achieve target properties and functionalities. In this review, biobased polymers are categorized as those that are: (1) upgrades from biodegradable polylactides (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and others; (2) analogous to petroleum-derived polymers such as bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (bio-PET); and (3) new biobased polymers such as poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF). The recent developments and progresses concerning biobased polymers are described, and important technical aspects of those polymers are introduced. Additionally, the recent scientific achievements regarding high-spec engineering-grade biobased polymers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nakajima
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Dijkstra
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Green Emulsion Polymerization Technology. POLYMER REACTION ENGINEERING OF DISPERSED SYSTEMS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2017_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Li C, van Berkel S, Sablong RJ, Koning CE. Post-functionalization of fully biobased poly(limonene carbonate)s: Synthesis, characterization and coating evaluation. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Lederle F, Kaldun C, Namyslo JC, Hübner EG. 3D-Printing inside the Glovebox: A Versatile Tool for Inert-Gas Chemistry Combined with Spectroscopy. Helv Chim Acta 2016; 99:255-266. [PMID: 27134300 PMCID: PMC4840480 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
3D‐Printing with the well‐established ‘Fused Deposition Modeling’ technology was used to print totally gas‐tight reaction vessels, combined with printed cuvettes, inside the inert‐gas atmosphere of a glovebox. During pauses of the print, the reaction flasks out of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene were filled with various reactants. After the basic test reactions to proof the oxygen tightness and investigations of the influence of printing within an inert‐gas atmosphere, scope and limitations of the method are presented by syntheses of new compounds with highly reactive reagents, such as trimethylaluminium, and reaction monitoring via UV/VIS, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. The applicable temperature range, the choice of solvents, the reaction times, and the analytical methods have been investigated in detail. A set of reaction flasks is presented, which allow routine inert‐gas syntheses and combined spectroscopy without modifications of the glovebox, the 3D‐printer, or the spectrometers. Overall, this demonstrates the potential of 3D‐printed reaction cuvettes to become a complementary standard method in inert‐gas chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lederle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstr. 6 DE-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
| | - Christian Kaldun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstr. 6 DE-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstr. 6 DE-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
| | - Eike G Hübner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstr. 6 DE-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
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Ren S, Zhang L, Dubé MA. Free-radical terpolymerization ofn-butyl acrylate/butyl methacrylate/d-limonene. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 161 Louis Pasteur Private Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 161 Louis Pasteur Private Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Marc A. Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 161 Louis Pasteur Private Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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22
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Winnacker M, Rieger B. Recent progress in sustainable polymers obtained from cyclic terpenes: synthesis, properties, and application potential. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:2455-71. [PMID: 26130456 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization and polymerization of biobased monocyclic terpenes and their derivatives for the synthesis of sustainable polymers is described, especially in view of the synthetic routes and properties of the obtained macromolecular architectures. Comparison of these procedures and the obtained materials with "classical" oil-based approaches, and also with alternative biobased routes, gives interesting insights into the potential of these small terpene building-block structures for modern polymer science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München (Germany).
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München (Germany)
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23
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Isikgor FH, Becer CR. Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1492] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing research activities in the field of lignocellulosic biomass for production of value-added chemicals and polymers that can be utilized to replace petroleum-based materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- E1 4NS London
- UK
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24
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Sibaja B, Sargent J, Auad ML. Renewable thermoset copolymers from tung oil and natural terpenes. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernal Sibaja
- Polymer and Fiber Engineering Department; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Jessica Sargent
- Polymer and Fiber Engineering Department; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Maria L. Auad
- Polymer and Fiber Engineering Department; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
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25
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Claudino M, Mathevet JM, Jonsson M, Johansson M. Bringingd-limonene to the scene of bio-based thermoset coatings via free-radical thiol–ene chemistry: macromonomer synthesis, UV-curing and thermo-mechanical characterization. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Claudino M, Jonsson M, Johansson M. Utilizing thiol–ene coupling kinetics in the design of renewable thermoset resins based on d-limonene and polyfunctional thiols. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47922f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-stoichiometric manipulations on the initial thiol–terpene composition strongly favor the formation of di-addition product (a) over mono-additions (b + c) when the reaction system contains an equimolar or relative excess of thiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Claudino
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Yao K, Tang C. Controlled Polymerization of Next-Generation Renewable Monomers and Beyond. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3019574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
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