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Multifunctional Membranes-A Versatile Approach for Emerging Pollutants Removal. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010067. [PMID: 35054593 PMCID: PMC8778428 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review surveying the most important polymer materials used for electrospinning processes and applied as membranes for the removal of emerging pollutants. Two types of processes integrate these membrane types: separation processes, where electrospun polymers act as a support for thin film composites (TFC), and adsorption as single or coupled processes (photo-catalysis, advanced oxidation, electrochemical), where a functionalization step is essential for the electrospun polymer to improve its properties. Emerging pollutants (EPs) released in the environment can be efficiently removed from water systems using electrospun membranes. The relevant results regarding removal efficiency, adsorption capacity, and the size and porosity of the membranes and fibers used for different EPs are described in detail.
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2
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Seah MQ, Khoo YS, Lau WJ, Goh PS, Ismail AF. New Concept of Thin-Film Composite Nanofiltration Membrane Fabrication Using a Mist-Based Interfacial Polymerization Technique. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qun Seah
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ying Siew Khoo
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülin Atıcı
- Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt H. Ünlü
- Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey, Istanbul
| | - Meltem Yanilmaz
- Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Textile Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Gandhimathi C, Sundarrajan S, Matsuura T, Srinivasan DK, Wei H, Xuecheng D, Ramakrishna S. Fabrication and characterization of high flux poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun nanofibrous membrane using amphiphilic polyethylene‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Gandhimathi
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory National University of Singapore Singapore
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Industrial Membrane Research Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | | | - He Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore
| | - Dong Xuecheng
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore
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5
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Progress of Interfacial Polymerization Techniques for Polyamide Thin Film (Nano)Composite Membrane Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122817. [PMID: 33261079 PMCID: PMC7760071 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review various novel/modified interfacial polymerization (IP) techniques for the fabrication of polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC)/thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes in both pressure-driven and osmotically driven separation processes. Although conventional IP technique is the dominant technology for the fabrication of commercial nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, it is plagued with issues of low membrane permeability, relatively thick PA layer and susceptibility to fouling, which limit the performance. Over the past decade, we have seen a significant growth in scientific publications related to the novel/modified IP techniques used in fabricating advanced PA-TFC/TFN membranes for various water applications. Novel/modified IP lab-scale studies have consistently, so far, yielded promising results compared to membranes made by conventional IP technique, in terms of better filtration efficiency (increased permeability without compensating solute rejection), improved chemical properties (crosslinking degree), reduced surface roughness and the perfect embedment of nanomaterials within selective layers. Furthermore, several new IP techniques can precisely control the thickness of the PA layer at sub-10 nm and significantly reduce the usage of chemicals. Despite the substantial improvements, these novel IP approaches have downsides that hinder their extensive implementation both at the lab-scale and in manufacturing environments. Herein, this review offers valuable insights into the development of effective IP techniques in the fabrication of TFC/TFN membrane for enhanced water separation.
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Chen H, Huang M, Liu Y, Meng L, Ma M. Functionalized electrospun nanofiber membranes for water treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139944. [PMID: 32535464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) have high porosity, high specific surface area and unique interconnected structure. It has huge advantages and potential in the treatment and recycling of wastewater. In addition, ENMs can be easily functionalized by combining multifunctional materials to achieve different water treatment effects. Based on this, this review summarizes the preparation of functionalized ENMs and its detailed application in the field of water treatment. First, the process and influence factors of electrospinning process are introduced. ENMs with high porosity, thin and small fiber diameter have better performance. Secondly, the modification methods of ENMs are analyzed. Pre-electrospinning and post-electrospinning modification technology can prepare specific functionalized ENMs. Subsequently, functionalized ENMs show water treatment capabilities such as separation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and antimicrobial. Subsequently, the application of functionalized ENMs in water treatment capabilities such as separation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and antimicrobial capabilities were listed. Finally, we also made some predictions about the future development direction of ENMs in water treatment, and hope this article can provide some clues and guidance for the research of ENMs in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Manhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mengdie Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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7
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Shen K, Cheng C, Zhang T, Wang X. High performance polyamide composite nanofiltration membranes via reverse interfacial polymerization with the synergistic interaction of gelatin interlayer and trimesoyl chloride. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Xia L, Ren J, McCutcheon JR. Braid-reinforced thin film composite hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Haider A, Haider S, Kang IK. A comprehensive review summarizing the effect of electrospinning parameters and potential applications of nanofibers in biomedical and biotechnology. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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10
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Aruchamy K, Mahto A, Nataraj S. Electrospun nanofibers, nanocomposites and characterization of art: Insight on establishing fibers as product. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Sun Y, Jin W, Zhang L, Zhang N, Wang B, Jiang B. Sodium bicarbonate as novel additive for fabrication of composite nanofiltration membranes with enhanced permeability. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science; Zhengzhou Institute of Technology; Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Weiguang Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Luhong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Baoyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science; Zhengzhou Institute of Technology; Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Bin Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
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12
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Liao Y, Loh CH, Tian M, Wang R, Fane AG. Progress in electrospun polymeric nanofibrous membranes for water treatment: Fabrication, modification and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Selatile MK, Ray SS, Ojijo V, Sadiku R. Recent developments in polymeric electrospun nanofibrous membranes for seawater desalination. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37915-37938. [PMID: 35558586 PMCID: PMC9090136 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seawater desalination is a promising strategy that offers an abundant and reliable source of clean fresh water. Nanotechnology, in terms of nanoparticles or electrospun nanofibrous membranes, for water-treatment or desalination applications, is a new concept that has rapidly grown in interest as a method for improving performance by enhancing the surface properties of membranes. Here, we report a critical review on recent developments in membrane-fabrication methods for seawater desalination technologies, focusing mainly on the electrospinning technique. High-performance membranes that address ongoing permeability concerns, while maintaining membrane selectivity, need further study and development. Considering that the world today is faced with energy-shortage crises, these membranes also need to be energy efficient. As electrospinning is considered to be a feasible method for the production of desalination membranes, this technique requires appropriate optimization and the structural properties of the membranes produced need to be controlled in order to tailor their properties to those desired for well-known desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis and membrane distillation. Moreover, there is a need to understand the influence of membrane structure on performance, and the latest trends in their use as high-performance desalination membranes. Seawater desalination is a promising strategy that offers an abundant and reliable source of clean fresh water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantsopa Koena Selatile
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
- Division of Polymer Technology
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
| | - Rotimi Sadiku
- Division of Polymer Technology
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
- Tshwane University of Technology
- South Africa
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14
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Ni H, Zhou J, Yang Y, Ji J, Wu M. Preparation of poly(NaSS- co
-HEMA) self-supporting nanofiltration membrane with high cationic permselectivity by electrospinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henmei Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Jie Ji
- Nanjing Foreign Language School; Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
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15
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Ni H, Yang Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu M. Preparation of a poly(DMAEMA-co-HEMA) self-supporting microfiltration membrane with high anionic permselectivity by electrospinning. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA cross-linked microfibrous anion exchange membrane with high ion permselectivity and robust mechanical properties was fabricated by electrospinning. Copolymer, poly N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), was selected as the electrospun material. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1HNMR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the copolymer and microfibrous mat. The electrospinning optimal parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments. Formaldehyde vapor was applied to crosslink the mat. It was observed that the water sorption decreased from 75.7% to 30.4% as the crosslinking time increased from 20 h to 32 h. The robust mat with the high tensile strength of 4.62 MPa and 50% elongation at break was obtained at 24 h. The ion permeability of NO3−, Cl−, SO42− were 94, 91 and 87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henmei Ni
- 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast University Road 2, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast University Road 2, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast University Road 2, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast University Road 2, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast University Road 2, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Min Wu
- 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast University Road 2, Nanjing 211189, China
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A new thin film composite nanofiltration membrane based on PET nanofiber support and polyamide top layer: preparation and characterization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Thin film composite nanofiltration membranes assembled layer-by-layer via interfacial polymerization from polyethylenimine and trimesoyl chloride. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Preparation and characterization of high-selectivity hollow fiber composite nanofiltration membrane by two-way coating technique. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang X, Yeh TM, Wang Z, Yang R, Wang R, Ma H, Hsiao BS, Chu B. Nanofiltration membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization on thin-film nanofibrous composite scaffold. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Homaeigohar S, Elbahri M. Nanocomposite Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Environmental Remediation. MATERIALS 2014; 7:1017-1045. [PMID: 28788497 PMCID: PMC5453108 DOI: 10.3390/ma7021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid worldwide industrialization and population growth is going to lead to an extensive environmental pollution. Therefore, so many people are currently suffering from the water shortage induced by the respective pollution, as well as poor air quality and a huge fund is wasted in the world each year due to the relevant problems. Environmental remediation necessitates implementation of novel materials and technologies, which are cost and energy efficient. Nanomaterials, with their unique chemical and physical properties, are an optimum solution. Accordingly, there is a strong motivation in seeking nano-based approaches for alleviation of environmental problems in an energy efficient, thereby, inexpensive manner. Thanks to a high porosity and surface area presenting an extraordinary permeability (thereby an energy efficiency) and selectivity, respectively, nanofibrous membranes are a desirable candidate. Their functionality and applicability is even promoted when adopting a nanocomposite strategy. In this case, specific nanofillers, such as metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, precious metals, and smart biological agents, are incorporated either during electrospinning or in the post-processing. Moreover, to meet operational requirements, e.g., to enhance mechanical stability, decrease of pressure drop, etc., nanofibrous membranes are backed by a microfibrous non-woven forming a hybrid membrane. The novel generation of nanocomposite/hybrid nanofibrous membranes can perform extraordinarily well in environmental remediation and control. This reality justifies authoring of this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Homaeigohar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstrasse 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
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Wang T, Yang Y, Zheng J, Zhang Q, Zhang S. A novel highly permeable positively charged nanofiltration membrane based on a nanoporous hyper-crosslinked polyamide barrier layer. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Preparation of polyamide thin film composite forward osmosis membranes using electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers as substrates. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Nasreen SAAN, Sundarrajan S, Nizar SAS, Balamurugan R, Ramakrishna S. Advancement in electrospun nanofibrous membranes modification and their application in water treatment. MEMBRANES 2013; 3:266-84. [PMID: 24957057 PMCID: PMC4021948 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water, among the most valuable natural resources available on earth, is under serious threat as a result of undesirable human activities: for example, marine dumping, atmospheric deposition, domestic, industrial and agricultural practices. Optimizing current methodologies and developing new and effective techniques to remove contaminants from water is the current focus of interest, in order to renew the available water resources. Materials like nanoparticles, polymers, and simple organic compounds, inorganic clay materials in the form of thin film, membrane or powder have been employed for water treatment. Among these materials, membrane technology plays a vital role in removal of contaminants due to its easy handling and high efficiency. Though many materials are under investigation, nanofibers driven membrane are more valuable and reliable. Synthetic methodologies applied over the modification of membrane and its applications in water treatment have been reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Anwar Ahamed Nabeela Nasreen
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.A.A.N.N.); (S.S.); (S.R.); Tel.: +65-6516-4272 (S.R.); Fax: +65-6773-0339 (S.R.)
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117575, Singapore
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.A.A.N.N.); (S.S.); (S.R.); Tel.: +65-6516-4272 (S.R.); Fax: +65-6773-0339 (S.R.)
| | - Syed Abdulrahim Syed Nizar
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
| | - Ramalingam Balamurugan
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117575, Singapore
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.A.A.N.N.); (S.S.); (S.R.); Tel.: +65-6516-4272 (S.R.); Fax: +65-6773-0339 (S.R.)
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24
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Development of plasma and/or chemically induced graft co-polymerized electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes for solute separation. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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