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Ashraf Joolaei A, Makian M, Prakash O, Im S, Kang S, Kim DH. Effects of particle size on the pretreatment efficiency and subsequent biogas potential of polylactic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130306. [PMID: 38199437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The fragmentation of bioplastics (BPs) before pretreatment and anaerobic digestion is conducted for higher efficiency; however, based on the literature, the size reduction varies widely. In this study, initially, various combinations of thermal-alkaline pretreatments were applied at different strengths to the polylactic acid (PLA) in three groups (<0.5, 0.5 < size < 1.0, and 1.0 < size < 2.0 mm). After pretreatment, the solubilization of PLA was increased to 11.5-40.0 % using alkaline dosage and temperature ranging from 50 to 200 g OH-/kg BP, 60-100 °C, respectively, in a 1-10 h timeframe. The results were statistically proved using a 3D response surface graph, where the pretreatment was more effective for smaller particle sizes. The reduction in particle size also increased the CH4 production, which was more pronounced at the strong pretreatment (24 % increment vs. 10-15 %). Computed results indicated 44-86 % conversion of pretreated PLA particles to CH4, supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, especially focusing on the intensity of -OH bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ashraf Joolaei
- Department of Smart-city Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Masoud Makian
- Department of Smart-city Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Smart-city Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Im
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kang
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Smart-city Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Moldovan A, Cuc S, Prodan D, Rusu M, Popa D, Taut AC, Petean I, Bomboş D, Doukeh R, Nemes O. Development and Characterization of Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Nanocomposites Used for Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2855. [PMID: 37447500 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on polylactic acid (PLA) blending with bio nanoadditives, such as Tonsil® (clay) and Aerosil®, to obtain nanocomposites for a new generation of food packaging. The basic composition was enhanced using Sorbitan oleate (E494) and Proviplast as plasticizers, increasing the composite samples' stability and their mechanical strength. Four mixtures were prepared: S1 with Tonsil®; S2 with Aerosil®; S3 with Aerosil® + Proviplast; and S4 with Sabosorb. They were complexly characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, mechanical tests on different temperatures, and absorption of the saline solution. FTIR shows a proper embedding of the filler component into the polymer matrix and DSC presents a good stability at the living body temperature for all prepared samples. Micro and nanostructural aspects were evidenced by SEM and AFM microscopy, revealing that S3 has the most compact and uniform filler distribution and S4 has the most irregular one. Thus, S3 evidenced the best diametral tensile strength and S4 evidenced the weakest values. All samples present the best bending strength at 18 °C and fair values at 4 °C, with the best values being obtained for the S1 sample and the worst for S4. The lack of mechanical strength of the S4 sample is compensated by its best resistance at liquid penetration, while S1 is more affected by the liquid infiltrations. Finally, results show that PLA composites are suitable for biodegradable and disposable food packages, and the desired properties could be achieved by proper adjustment of the filler proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Moldovan
- Department Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stanca Cuc
- "Raluca Ripan" Institute of Research in Chemistry, "Babes Bolyai" University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Prodan
- "Raluca Ripan" Institute of Research in Chemistry, "Babes Bolyai" University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mircea Rusu
- Lamar Auto Services S.R.L. Corpadea, 407038 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorin Popa
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, "1 Decembrie 1918" University of Alba Iulia, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania
| | - Adrian Catalin Taut
- Applied Electronics Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Petean
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorin Bomboş
- S.C. Medacril S.R.L., 8 Carpați Street, 551022 Mediaş, Romania
- Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bucharest Blvd., 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Rami Doukeh
- Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bucharest Blvd., 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Nemes
- Department Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Moreira AA, de Carvalho FA, Bilck AP, de Paula MT, Mali S, Yamashita F, de Oliveira ALM. Tannin improves the processability and delays the biodegradability of poly (lactic acid)‐starch‐based thermoset materials produced by injection molding made with renewable compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Aleixo Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Fabíola Azanha de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos CCA, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Bilck
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos CCA, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Suzana Mali
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Fabio Yamashita
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos CCA, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil
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Zaborowska M, Bernat K, Pszczółkowski B, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Kulikowska D, Wojnowska-Baryła I. Multi-faceted analysis of thermophilic anaerobic biodegradation of poly(lactic acid)-based material. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 155:40-52. [PMID: 36343599 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the production of bio-based polymeric materials, of which poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most popular, has been increasing, causing the growth of PLA waste in municipal waste. Thus, it is necessary to develop sustainable methods for treating it. Methane production, resulting from anaerobic digestion (AD), is a potential end-of-life scenario for PLA waste that needs to be investigated. To obtain high efficiency of AD, thermophilic fermentation was applied, and to overcome low rates of biodegradation, hydrothermal (HT) and alkaline (A) pretreatments were used. For a deep insight into the process, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microscopic and microbial analyses (based on 16S rDNA) were applied. For both untreated (PLA) and pretreated (PLAHT, PLAA) samples a high maximal methane production (MP) of 453 L/kg volatile solids (VS) was obtained, almost 100 % of the theoretical methane yield from PLA. The use of pretreatment allowed shortening of the time for obtaining maximal MP, especially the hydrothermal pretreatment, which shortened the overall time of MP 1.3-fold, and methane was produced at an almost 10 % higher rate (8.35 vs 7.79 L/(kg VS·d)). However, DSC and microscopic analyses revealed that, in all cases, methane was intensively produced i) after the reduction of the molecular mass of the PLA material and ii) also when PLA pieces were not visible. This should be considered when designing the operational time for the AD process. Parallel to the gradual biodegradation of PLA, the abundances of Firmicutes, Thermotogae, and Euryarcheota increased. With PLAHT, Syntrophobacteraceae, Thermoanaerobacteraceae, and methanogens were identified as potential key thermophilic PLA biodegraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaborowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bernat
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pszczółkowski
- Department of Materials and Machines Technology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 11, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, Olsztyn, Poland
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5
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Ramezani Dana H, Ebrahimi F. Synthesis, properties, and applications of polylactic
acid‐based
polymers. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ramezani Dana
- Mechanics, Surfaces and Materials Processing (MSMP) – EA 7350 Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology Aix‐en‐Provence France
- Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimi
- PRISM Polymer, Recycling, Industrial, Sustainability and Manufacturing Technological University of the Shannon (TUS) Athlone Ireland
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Obtaining Active Polylactide (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Blends Based Bionanocomposites Modified with Graphene Oxide and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO 2)-Assisted Cinnamaldehyde: Effect on Thermal-Mechanical, Disintegration and Mass Transport Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223968. [PMID: 34833267 PMCID: PMC8621613 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionanocomposites based on Polylactide (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) blends were successfully obtained through a combined extrusion and impregnation process using supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Graphene oxide (GO) and cinnamaldehyde (Ci) were incorporated into the blends as nano-reinforcement and an active compound, respectively, separately, and simultaneously. From the results, cinnamaldehyde quantification values varied between 5.7% and 6.1% (w/w). When GO and Ci were incorporated, elongation percentage increased up to 16%, and, therefore, the mechanical properties were improved, with respect to neat PLA. The results indicated that the Ci diffusion through the blends and bionanocomposites was influenced by the nano-reinforcing incorporation. The disintegration capacity of the developed materials decreased with the incorporation of GO and PHB, up to 14 and 23 days of testing, respectively, without compromising the biodegradability characteristics of the final material.
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Beltrán FR, Arrieta MP, Elena Antón D, Lozano-Pérez AA, Cenis JL, Gaspar G, de la Orden MU, Martínez Urreaga J. Effect of Yerba Mate and Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles on the Migration Properties in Ethanolic Food Simulants and Composting Disintegrability of Recycled PLA Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121925. [PMID: 34200571 PMCID: PMC8230047 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present research is to study the effect of the incorporation of low amounts of silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) and yerba mate nanoparticles (YMNs) on the migration phenomenon into ethanolic food simulants as well as on the disintegrability under composting conditions of mechanically recycled polylactic acid (PLA). Recycled PLA was obtained under simulated recycling conditions by melt processing virgin PLA into films and further subjecting them to an accelerated aging process, which involved photochemical, thermal, and hydrothermal aging steps followed by an intense washing step. SFNs were extracted from Bombyx mori cocoons and YMNs from yerba mate waste. Then, recycled PLA was melted, reprocessed, and reinforced with either 1%wt. of SFNs or YMNs, by melt extrusion, and further processed into films by compression molding. The obtained nanocomposites were exposed to ethanolic food simulants (ethanol 10% v/v, simulant A and ethanol 50% v/v, simulant D1) and the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied before and after the exposure to the food simulants. The migration levels in both food simulants were below the overall migration limits required for food contact materials. The materials were disintegrated under simulated composting conditions at the laboratory scale level and it was observed that the nanoparticles delayed the disintegration rate of the recycled PLA matrix, but nanocomposites were fully disintegrated in less than one month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddys R. Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910-677-301
| | - Diego Elena Antón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Antonio A. Lozano-Pérez
- Depertamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150 Murcia, Spain; (A.A.L.-P.); (J.L.C.)
| | - José L. Cenis
- Depertamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150 Murcia, Spain; (A.A.L.-P.); (J.L.C.)
| | - Gerald Gaspar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
| | - María U. de la Orden
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
- Deparamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez Urreaga
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
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Pavon C, Aldas M, López-Martínez J, Hernández-Fernández J, Arrieta MP. Films Based on Thermoplastic Starch Blended with Pine Resin Derivatives for Food Packaging. Foods 2021; 10:1171. [PMID: 34071084 PMCID: PMC8224774 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Completely biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) based materials with a tunable performance were prepared for food packaging applications. Five blends were prepared by blending TPS with 10 wt%. of different pine resins derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (RD), maleic anhydride-modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The materials were characterized in terms of thermo-mechanical behavior, surface wettability, color performance, water absorption, X-ray diffraction pattern, and disintegration under composting conditions. It was determined that pine resin derivatives increase the hydrophobicity of TPS and also increase the elastic component of TPS which stiffen the TPS structure. The water uptake study revealed that GR and LF were able to decrease the water absorption of TPS, while the rest of the resins kept the water uptake ability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that GR, CM, and RD restrain the aging of TPS after 24 months of aging. Finally, all TPS-resin blends were disintegrated under composting conditions during the thermophilic incubation period (90 days). Because of the TPS-resin blend's performance, the prepared materials are suitable for biodegradable rigid food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavon
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador
| | - Juan López-Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Joaquín Hernández-Fernández
- Research Group in Polymer Science, Engineering and Sustainability, Esenttia, Mamonal Industrial Zona, km. 8, Cartagena 130013, Colombia;
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Marina Patricia Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Beltrán FR, Arrieta MP, Moreno E, Gaspar G, Muneta LM, Carrasco-Gallego R, Yáñez S, Hidalgo-Carvajal D, de la Orden MU, Martínez Urreaga J. Evaluation of the Technical Viability of Distributed Mechanical Recycling of PLA 3D Printing Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1247. [PMID: 33921369 PMCID: PMC8069463 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing PLA wastes were recovered from a well-known reference grade and from different sources. The recovered wastes were subjected to an energic washing step and then reprocessed into films by melt-extrusion, followed by compression molding to simulate the industrial processing conditions. The obtained materials were characterized and the optical, structural, thermal and crystallization behavior are reported. The mechanical recycling process leads to an increase of the crystallinity and a decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the formulations, particularly in the sample based on blends of different 3D-PLA wastes. Moreover, the obtained films were disintegrated under composting conditions in less than one month and it was observed that recycled materials degrade somewhat faster than the starting 3D-PLA filament, as a consequence of the presence of shorter polymer chains. Finally, to increase the molecular weight of the recycled materials, the 3D-PLA wastes were submitted to a solid-state polymerization process at 110, 120, and 130 °C, observing that the recycled 3D-wastes materials based on a well-known reference grade experiences an improvement of the intrinsic viscosity, while that coming from different sources showed no significant changes. Thus, the results show that 3D printing PLA products provides an ideal environment for the implementation of distributed recycling program, in which wastes coming from well-known PLA grades can successfully be processed in films with good overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddys R. Beltrán
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Moreno
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Gerald Gaspar
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Luisa M. Muneta
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Ruth Carrasco-Gallego
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Susana Yáñez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - David Hidalgo-Carvajal
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - María U. de la Orden
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez Urreaga
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
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Iglesias-Montes ML, Luzi F, Dominici F, Torre L, Manfredi LB, Cyras VP, Puglia D. Migration and Degradation in Composting Environment of Active Polylactic Acid Bilayer Nanocomposites Films: Combined Role of Umbelliferone, Lignin and Cellulose Nanostructures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020282. [PMID: 33467159 PMCID: PMC7830319 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was dedicated to the functional characterization of innovative poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based bilayer films containing lignocellulosic nanostructures (cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or lignin nanoparticles (LNPs)) and umbelliferone (UMB) as active ingredients (AIs), prepared to be used as active food packaging. Materials proved to have active properties associated with the antioxidant action of UMB and LNPs, as the combination of both ingredients in the bilayer formulations produced a positive synergic effect inducing the highest antioxidant capacity. The results of overall migration for the PLA bilayer systems combining CNCs or LNPs and UMB revealed that none of these samples exceeded the overall migration limit required by the current normative for food packaging materials in both non-polar and polar simulants. Finally, all the hydrophobic monolayer and bilayer films were completely disintegrated in composting conditions in less than 18 days of incubation, providing a good insight on the potential use of these materials for application as active and compostable food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (L.T.)
| | - Franco Dominici
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (L.T.)
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0744-492916
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Aragón-Gutierrez A, Arrieta MP, López-González M, Fernández-García M, López D. Hybrid Biocomposites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) and Silica Aerogel for Food Packaging Applications. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214910. [PMID: 33142903 PMCID: PMC7663595 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bionanocomposites based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and silica aerogel (SiA) were developed by means of melt extrusion process. PLA-SiA composite films were plasticized with 15 wt.% of acetyl (tributyl citrate) (ATBC) to facilitate the PLA processability as well as to attain flexible polymeric formulations for films for food packaging purposes. Meanwhile, SiA was added in four different proportions (0.5, 1, 3 and 5 wt.%) to evaluate the ability of SiA to improve the thermal, mechanical, and barrier performance of the bionanocomposites. The mechanical performance, thermal stability as well as the barrier properties against different gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen) of the bionanocomposites were evaluated. It was observed that the addition of 3 wt.% of SiA to the plasticized PLA-ATBC matrix showed simultaneously an improvement on the thermal stability as well as the mechanical and barrier performance of films. Finally, PLA-SiA film formulations were disintegrated in compost at the lab-scale level. The combination of ATBC and SiA sped up the disintegration of PLA matrix. Thus, the bionanocomposites produced here show great potential as sustainable polymeric formulations with interest in the food packaging sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aragón-Gutierrez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.P.A.); (D.L.); Tel.: +34-91-067-7301 (M.P.A.); +34-91-562-2900 (D.L.)
| | - Mar López-González
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.P.A.); (D.L.); Tel.: +34-91-067-7301 (M.P.A.); +34-91-562-2900 (D.L.)
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Kohli D, Garg S, Jana AK. Physical, mechanical, optical and biodegradability properties of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofibrils/kaolinite clay-based hybrid composite films. INDIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEER 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2019.1699871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kohli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
| | - Sangeeta Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
| | - A. K. Jana
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
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Arrieta MP, Barrera Rivera KA, Salgado C, Martínez Richa A, López D, Peponi L. Degradation under composting conditions of lysine-modified polyurethane based on PCL obtained by lipase biocatalysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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A comparative study of three-dimensional printing directions: The degradation and toxicological profile of a PLA/PHA blend. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Arrieta M, Sessini V, Peponi L. Biodegradable poly(ester-urethane) incorporated with catechin with shape memory and antioxidant activity for food packaging. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Investigation on Polylactide (PLA)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/Bark Flour of Plane Tree (PF) Eco-Composites. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9050393. [PMID: 28773515 PMCID: PMC5503033 DOI: 10.3390/ma9050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/bark flour of plane tree (PF) eco-composites were prepared via melt blending. The morphologies, mechanical properties, crystal structures and melting and crystallization behaviors of the eco-composites were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical tests, polarized light microscopy (PLM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. It is shown that the interfacial adhesion between PLA matrix and PF is weak and the mechanical properties of PLA/PF eco-composites are poor. The titanate treatment improves the adhesion between the matrix and the filler and enhances the stiffness of the eco-composites. The toughness is improved by PBAT and ductile fractured surfaces can be found. The spherulitic size of PLA is decreased by the addition of PF. The α crystalline form of PLA remains in the composites. Compared with PF, T-PF (PF treated by a titanate coupling agent) and PBAT have negative effects on the crystallization of PLA.
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Balaguer MP, Aliaga C, Fito C, Hortal M. Compostability assessment of nano-reinforced poly(lactic acid) films. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:143-155. [PMID: 26589869 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials can provide plastics with great advantages on mechanical and active properties (i.e. release and capture of specific substances). Therefore, packaging is expected to become one of the leading applications for these substances by 2020. There are some applications already in the market. Nevertheless, there is still some areas under development. A key issue to be analyzed is the end-of-life of these materials once they become waste, and specifically when nanomaterials are used in biodegradable products. The present study evaluated the disintegration, biodegradability, and ecotoxicity of poly(lactic acid) films reinforced with the three following nanomaterials: (1) montmorillonite modified with an ammonium quaternary salt, (2) calcium carbonate and (3) silicon dioxide. Results on disintegration showed that films completely disintegrated into visually indistinguishable residues after 6-7weeks of incubation in composting environment. Moreover, no differences were observed in the evolution of the bioresidue with respect to color, aspect, and odor in comparison with the control. It was also observed that nanomaterials did not significantly reduce the level of biodegradability of PLA (p>0.05). In fact, biodegradation was higher, without finding significant differences (p>0.05), in all the nano-reinforced samples with respect to PLA after 130days in composting (9.4% in PLA+Nano-SiO2; 34.0% in PLA+Clay1; 48.0% in PLA+Nano-CaCO3). Finally, no significant differences (p>0.05) in ecotoxicity in plants were observed as a result of the incorporation of nanoparticles in the PLA matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Balaguer
- Packaging, Transport, and Logistics Research Center (ITENE), C/ Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - C Aliaga
- Packaging, Transport, and Logistics Research Center (ITENE), C/ Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - C Fito
- Packaging, Transport, and Logistics Research Center (ITENE), C/ Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Hortal
- Packaging, Transport, and Logistics Research Center (ITENE), C/ Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Arrieta M, López J, López D, Kenny J, Peponi L. Development of flexible materials based on plasticized electrospun PLA–PHB blends: Structural, thermal, mechanical and disintegration properties. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Effect of processing conditions and lignin content on thermal, mechanical and degradative behavior of lignin nanoparticles/polylactic (acid) bionanocomposites prepared by melt extrusion and solvent casting. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fortunati E, Rinaldi S, Peltzer M, Bloise N, Visai L, Armentano I, Jiménez A, Latterini L, Kenny J. Nano-biocomposite films with modified cellulose nanocrystals and synthesized silver nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:1122-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Cacciotti I, Fortunati E, Puglia D, Kenny JM, Nanni F. Effect of silver nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals on electrospun poly(lactic) acid mats: morphology, thermal properties and mechanical behavior. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 103:22-31. [PMID: 24528696 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of ternary fibrous mats based on poly(lactic) acid (PLA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs, both pristine (p-CNCs) and modified with a commercial surfactant (s-CNCs)) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles by electrospinning is reported. Amounts of 1 and 5 wt.% were selected for Ag and CNCs, respectively. Neat PLA and binary PLA/Ag, PLA/p-CNCs and PLA/s-CNCs were produced as references. The CNCs and Ag influence on the microstructural, thermal and mechanical properties was investigated. The Ag and/or p-CNCs addition did not remarkably affect fiber morphology and average size dimension (between (468 ± 111) and (551 ± 122)nm), whereas the s-CNCs presence led to the deposition of a honeycomb-like network on a underneath layer of randomly oriented fibers. The efficiency of the surfactant use in promoting the CNC dispersion was demonstrated. A slight enhancement (e.g. around 25%, in terms of strength) of the mechanical properties of p-CNCs loaded fibers, particularly for PLA/Ag/p-CNCs, was revealed, whereas mats with s-CNCs showed a decrement (e.g. around 35-45%, in terms of strength), mainly imputable to the delamination between the upper honeycomb-like layer and the lower conventional fibrous mat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cacciotti
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, INSTM RU "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Fortunati
- Materials Engineering Centre, UdR INSTM, NIPLAB, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Debora Puglia
- Materials Engineering Centre, UdR INSTM, NIPLAB, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Josè Maria Kenny
- Materials Engineering Centre, UdR INSTM, NIPLAB, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy; Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Nanni
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, INSTM RU "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Binary PVA bio-nanocomposites containing cellulose nanocrystals extracted from different natural sources: Part I. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:825-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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