1
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Conka R, Marien YW, Van Steenberge PH, Hoogenboom R, D'hooge DR. An equation driven quality classification of (a)symmetric gradient, gradient-block, block-gradient-block and block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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2
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Chernikova EV, Mineeva KO. Reversible Deactivation Radical Copolymerization: Synthesis of Copolymers with Controlled Unit Sequence. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Zdovc B, Li H, Zhao J, Pahovnik D, Žagar E. Influence of Microstructure on the Elution Behavior of Gradient Copolymers in Different Modes of Liquid Interaction Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7844-7852. [PMID: 35604324 PMCID: PMC9178556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of microstructure on the chromatographic behavior of gradient copolymers with different gradient strengths and block copolymer with completely segregated blocks by using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography (gLAC) and liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LCCC) for one of the copolymer constituents. The copolymers consist of repeating units of poly(propylene oxide) and poly(propylene phthalate) and have comparable average chemical composition and molar mass, and a narrow molar mass distribution to avoid as much as possible the influence of these parameters on the elution behavior of the copolymers. On both reversed stationary phases, the elution volume of gradient copolymers increases with the increasing strength of the gradient. The results indicate that for both modes of liquid interaction chromatography, it is important to consider the effect of microstructure on the elution behavior of the gradient copolymers in addition to the copolymer chemical composition and molar mass in the case of gLAC and the length of the chromatographically visible copolymer constituent in the case of LCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Zdovc
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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4
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Guerre M, Lopez G, Améduri B, Semsarilar M, Ladmiral V. Solution self-assembly of fluorinated polymers, an overview. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorinated moieties into a polymer can confer unique properties and often lead in solution to original morphologies endowed with rare properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Guerre
- Laboratoire des IMRCP
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9
| | - Gérald Lopez
- ICGM
- Univ Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM
- Montpellier
- France
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5
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Alam MM, Jack KS, Hill DJ, Whittaker AK, Peng H. Gradient copolymers – Preparation, properties and practice. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Ghisi R, Vamerali T, Manzetti S. Accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in agricultural plants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:326-341. [PMID: 30502744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PFASs are a class of compounds that include perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, some of the most persistent pollutants still allowed - or only partially restricted - in several product fabrications and industrial applications worldwide. PFASs have been shown to interact with blood proteins and are suspected of causing a number of pathological responses, including cancer. Given this threat to living organisms, we carried out a broad review of possible sources of PFASs and their potential accumulation in agricultural plants, from where they can transfer to humans through the food chain. Analysis of the literature indicates a direct correlation between PFAS concentrations in soil and bioaccumulation in plants. Furthermore, plant uptake largely changes with chain length, functional group, plant species and organ. Low accumulations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) have been found in peeled potatoes and cereal seeds, while short-chain compounds can accumulate at high levels in leafy vegetables and fruits. Significant variations in PFAS buildup in plants according to soil amendment are also found, suggesting a particular interaction with soil organic matter. Here, we identify a series of challenges that PFASs pose to the development of a safe agriculture for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Ghisi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Teofilo Vamerali
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Manzetti
- Fjordforsk A/S, Institute for Science and Technology, Midtun 6894, Vangsnes, Norway; Uppsala Centre for Computational Sciences, Dept. of Cell & Molec. Biol., Uppsala University, Box 596, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang J, Farias-Mancilla B, Destarac M, Schubert US, Keddie DJ, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Harrisson S. Asymmetric Copolymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Gradient and Other Partially Segregated Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800357. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory; of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology; Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi’an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Barbara Farias-Mancilla
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Mathias Destarac
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Daniel J. Keddie
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Wolverhampton; Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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Yang Z, Chen S, Fu K, Liu X, Li F, Du Y, Zhou P, Cheng Z. Highly efficient adsorbent for organic dyes based on a temperature- and pH-responsive multiblock polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Kangyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Road Haidian District Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yuchuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Peiting Zhou
- Broadvision Engineering Consultants, National Engineering Laboratory for Land Transport Meteorological Disaster Control Technology; Kunming 650041 China
| | - Zhihao Cheng
- Broadvision Engineering Consultants, National Engineering Laboratory for Land Transport Meteorological Disaster Control Technology; Kunming 650041 China
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Zhu C, Yao R, Chen Y, Feng M, Ma S, Zhang C. Self-assembly of fluorinated gradient copolymer in three-dimensional co-flow focusing microfluidic. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:75-82. [PMID: 29723794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The microfluidic technology can drive molecules to organize into aggregates with nano-structures, and gives a possibility to control aggregate morphologies by adjusting hydrodynamic parameters of microfluidics. COMSOL Multiphysics is a useful software to simulate the mixing situation of solutions in microfluidic. Here, experiments and simulation are combined to study the self-assembly of gradient copolymers in the microfluidic device. EXPERIMENTS Fluorinated gradient copolymers self-assembled in a three-dimensional co-flow focusing microfluidic device (3D CFMD). Hydrodynamic parameters of 3D CFMD were adjusted to control morphologies and the sizes of copolymer aggregates. A simulation software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was used to simulate the mixing and diffusion of outer phase stream and inner phase stream to explore the mixing kinetics of two streams in the microchannels. FINDINGS 3D CFMD offered a novel platform for the continuous and controllable self-assembly of fluorinated gradient copolymer. Various morphologies of copolymer aggregates were obtained in 3D CFMD, but just spherical micelles were formed by a traditional solvent-inducing method. The flow velocity, initial water content of outer-phase stream, and the copolymer concentration of inner-phase stream had great effects on the morphology and size of copolymer aggregates. The simulation results made us a better understanding on the microfluidic self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rongyi Yao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mengran Feng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaocan Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Knapp KA, Nuñez IM, Shipp DA. Effect of polymer chain architecture on the aqueous solution properties of amphiphilic copolymers: A study of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl laurate). POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Sadeghi I, Asatekin A. Spontaneous Self‐Assembly and Micellization of Random Copolymers in Organic Solvents. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilin Sadeghi
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
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12
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Li X, Mastan E, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. Progress in reactor engineering of controlled radical polymerization: a comprehensive review. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) represents an important advancement in polymer chemistry. It allows synthesis of polymers with well-controlled chain microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Erlita Mastan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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13
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Qiao Z, Qiu T, Liu W, Guo L, Li X. Novel tri-block copolymers of poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl acrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid) prepared via two-step RAFT emulsion polymerization. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for preparing ABA tri-block functional elastomers via two-step RAFT emulsion polymerization is introduced in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibre and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Teng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibre and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibre and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Longhai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibre and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibre and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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14
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Zhang G, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Zhan X, Chen F. Synthesis and properties of gradient copolymers of butyl methacrylate and fluorinated acrylate via RAFT miniemulsion copolymerizations. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongyan Wang
- Research and Development Center; Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd.; Shaoxing 312088 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
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15
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Li X, Liang S, Wang WJ, Li BG, Luo Y, Zhu S. Model-Based Production of Polymer Chains Having Precisely Designed End-to-End Gradient Copolymer Composition and Chain Topology Distributions in Controlled Radical Polymerization, A Review. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Shaoning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Yingwu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L7
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16
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Preparation and properties of fluorinated amphiphilic copolymers via iron-mediated AGET ATRP. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-014-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Tucker W, McCoy AM, Fix S, Stagg M, Murphy M, Mecozzi S. Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and self-assembly of linear, dibranched, and miktoarm semifluorinated triphilic polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2014; 52:3324-3336. [PMID: 31223200 PMCID: PMC6586239 DOI: 10.1002/pola.27394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Linear, dibranched and miktoarm amphiphiles containing both hydrophobic and fluorophilic moieties were synthesized and characterized in an attempt to elucidate the relationship between semi-fluorinated amphiphile structure and aggregate behaviour in aqueous solution. For the linear and dibranched amphiphiles, there was an exponential decrease in critical aggregation concentration (CMC) and a logarithmic increase in core microviscosity with increasing length of the fluorocarbon segments; while the miktoarm architecture produced no notable trend in microviscosity or CMC. Furthermore, the linear and dibranched surfactants showed enhanced kinetic stability, dissociating more slowly in the presence of human serum than did either the dibranched or miktoarm amphiphiles. Finally, encapsulation studies with the hydrophobic drug paclitaxel (PTX) showed that the ability to solubilize and retain PTX increased with the presence and with the increasing size of the fluorocarbon moiety for both the linear and dibranched amphiphiles, while no such trend was observed for the miktoarm amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.B. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - A. M. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - S.M. Fix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - M.F. Stagg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - M.M. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - S. Mecozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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18
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Palermo EF, van der Laan HL, McNeil AJ. Impact of π-conjugated gradient sequence copolymers on polymer blend morphology. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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