1
|
An Evaluation of Immobilized Poly-(S)-N-(1-phenylethyl)acrylamide Chiral Stationary Phases. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, brush type and polymer type stationary phases were prepared based on (S)-N-(1-phenylethyl) acrylamide, and the polymeric stationary phase demonstrated superior chiral recognition ability. The two polymeric stationary phases were synthesized by two strategies, one was the “grafting from” method, which obtained polymer CSP by initiating monomer polymerization on the surface of 3-methacrylatepropyl silica gel, and the other was “grafting to”, which fixed the copolymer of (S)-N-(1-phenylethyl) acrylamide and trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate on silica gel. A comparison of these two bonding modes revealed that the stationary phase produced by “grafting to” had higher chiral recognition ability. Further improvement can be achieved by the end-capping of silanol groups with trimethylchlorosilane to reduce non-enantioselective retention caused by residual silanol groups and improve the peak shape of enantiomers. Chiral separation in subcritical fluid chromatography was also studied. Similar enantioselectivity results with higher resolution were observed due to the improvement of peak shape.
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo S, Huang C, Zhang N, Ma S, Bo C, Gong B, Ou J. Enantioseparation in high performance liquid chromatography: preparation and evaluation of a vancomycin-based chiral stationary phase via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1221-1231. [PMID: 35237778 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A chromatographic technique based on a chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been explored for enantioseparation. Herein, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (poly(GMA)) brushes were grafted on the surface of silica gel via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), followed by the introduction of vancomycin as a chiral selector. The as-synthesized material was characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proving the formation of vancomycin-immobilized brushes. Then the resulting CSP was explored to separate 7 racemic drugs (bicalutamide, 1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, chlorpheniramine maleate, fluoxetine hydrochloride, verapamil hydrochloride, benzoxazocine hydrochloride and isoprenaline hydrochloride) in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several factors affecting the enantioseparation performance of the vancomycin-immobilized CSP, including the triethylamine (TEA) content in the buffer, pH value, content of organic solvent in the mobile phase, flow rate and injection volume, were mainly optimized. Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of fluoxetine hydrochloride (RS = 2.52) was achieved, which was better than that on a commercial Chirobiotic V column, while enantioseparation of bicalutamide (RS = 1.01), chlorpheniramine maleate (RS = 0.77), 1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid (RS = 0.67), isoprenaline hydrochloride (RS = 0.73), verapamil hydrochloride (RS = 0.91) and benzoxazocine hydrochloride (RS = 1.03) was partly achieved. It was concluded that SI-ATRP is a robust way to fabricate vancomycin-based CSPs for enantioseparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Junjie Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang HS, Song M, Hang TJ. Functional Interfaces Constructed by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization for Analytical Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2881-2898. [PMID: 26785308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The high-value applications of functional polymers in analytical science generally require well-defined interfaces, including precisely synthesized molecular architectures and compositions. Controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) has been developed as a versatile and powerful tool for the preparation of polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and predetermined molecular weights. Among the CRP system, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) are well-used to develop new materials for analytical science, such as surface-modified core-shell particles, monoliths, MIP micro- or nanospheres, fluorescent nanoparticles, and multifunctional materials. In this review, we summarize the emerging functional interfaces constructed by RAFT and ATRP for applications in analytical science. Various polymers with precisely controlled architectures including homopolymers, block copolymers, molecular imprinted copolymers, and grafted copolymers were synthesized by CRP methods for molecular separation, retention, or sensing. We expect that the CRP methods will become the most popular technique for preparing functional polymers that can be broadly applied in analytical chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Song Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tai-Jun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hansson S, Carlmark A, Malmström E, Fogelström L. Toward industrial grafting of cellulosic substrates via ARGET ATRP. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hansson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Carlmark
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Linda Fogelström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|