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Guo Z, Yang J, Li K, Shi J, Peng Y, Sarkodie EK, Miao B, Liu H, Liu X, Jiang L. Leaching Behavior of As and Pb in Lead-Zinc Mining Waste Rock under Mine Drainage and Rainwater. TOXICS 2023; 11:943. [PMID: 37999595 PMCID: PMC10675770 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
At present, the pollution of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) is becoming increasingly serious. The pollution caused by the release of As and Pb from lead-zinc mines has seriously affected the water and soil environment and threatened human health. It is necessary to reveal the release characteristics of As and Pb. The actual scene of mine drainage (MD) and rainwater (RW) leaching waste rocks is the one of the main reasons for the release of As and Pb. However, the leaching behavior of As and Pb in these waste rocks under MD and RW suffered from a lack of in-depth research. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of As and Pb in waste rocks (S1-S6) by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and then, the changes in As and Pb concentration and the hydrochemical parameter in leaching solution were systematically studied. Furthermore, the correlation between the release of As and Pb and mineral composition was also evaluated. Results showed that these waste rocks were mainly composed of carbonate and sulfide minerals. As and Pb were mainly bounded or associated with sulfide minerals such as arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena in these waste rocks, and small parts of As and Pb were absorbed or encased by clay minerals such as kaolinite and chlorite. Under MD and RW leaching, the pH, redox potential (Eh), and electric conductivity (EC) of each waste rock tended to be consistent due to their buffering ability; the leachate pH of waste rocks with more carbonate minerals was higher than that of sulfide minerals. Both As and Pb were released most under MD leaching in comparison to RW, reaching 6.57 and 60.32 mg/kg, respectively, due to MD's low pH and high Eh value. However, As in waste rock released more under alkaline conditions because part of the arsenic was in the form of arsenate. As and Pb release were mainly positively correlated with the proportions of sulfide minerals in these waste rocks. MD leaching significantly promoted the release of As and Pb from waste rocks, which would cause a great threat to the surrounding environment, and control measures were imperative. This paper not only reveals the As and Pb pollution mechanism around the lead-zinc mining area but also provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of As and Pb pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.G.); (J.Y.); (K.L.); (J.S.); (Y.P.); (E.K.S.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
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2
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Wang C, Huo S, Ye G, Shi Q, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. Phenylboronic acid-decorated ZrP nanosheets for enhancing fire resistance, smoke suppression, and water/acid/alkali tolerance of intumescent coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Synergistic Effect between Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Melamine Polyphosphate in Flame Retardant Coatings for Structural Steel. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183722. [PMID: 36145864 PMCID: PMC9500694 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) combined with melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was adopted to prepare a waterborne fire retardant intumescent coating (IC) for structural steel. Silicone acrylic emulsion was used as binder. In the 2-h torch test, PAPP/MPP-IC coating presented excellent fire resistance performance. The equilibrium temperature at the backside of the steel board decreased to 170 °C with protection of MPP/PAPP-IC, compared with 326 °C of APP/PER/MEL-IC. After 72-h water immersion, MPP/PAPP-IC could still provide sufficient thermal isolation, but APP/PER/MEL-IC failed the test. The water absorption of the MPP/PAPP coating was also reduced. The thermogravimetric analysis measured that the PAPP/MPP-IC had unique initial decomposition temperature of 296 °C and higher residue of 33.8 wt%, which demonstrated better thermal stability and fire retardancy in condensed phase. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images illustrated that the structure of the carbon layer formed by MPP/PAPP-IC was dense, complete and consistent, indicating the improvement of mechanical strength and thermal isolation of the char. The synergistic effect between piperazine and phosphoric acid groups in MPP/PAPP contributed to the superior flame retardancy. Consequently, MPP/PAPP-IC was much more efficient than the traditional APP/PER/MEL-IC. This work provides a novel way for designing flame retardant coatings for structural steel with excellent comprehensive performance.
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Ullah S, Ahmad F, Al‐Sehemi AG, Raza MR, Assiri MA, Irfan A, Oñate E, Yeoh GH. Effects of expandable graphite on char morphology and pyrolysis of epoxy based intumescent
fire‐retardant
coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rafi Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenio Oñate
- International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona Spain
| | - Guan Heng Yeoh
- Mechanical Engineering University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales Australia
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5
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Jin SA, Facchine EG, Rojas OJ, Khan SA, Spontak RJ. Cellulose nanofibers and the film-formation dilemma: Drying temperature and tunable optical, mechanical and wetting properties of nanocomposite films composed of waterborne sulfopolyesters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:369-378. [PMID: 33910071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Waterborne sulfopolyesters have gained considerable interest as coating materials due to their excellent film-forming and optical properties. Their commercial use has been limited, however, due to their fragile nature. Incorporating cellulose nanofiber (CNF), a sustainable biopolymer, into the polymer matrix is expected to enhance the mechanical integrity of the nanocomposite as these two components synergistically interact. EXPERIMENTS In this study, we have investigated the suspension and film characteristics of three sulfopolyesters varying in charge density, glass transition temperature and molecular weight, as well as their mixtures with CNF. We have performed steady-shear rheology on mixtures with different CNF loading levels, and resulting films have been subjected to quasistatic uniaxial tensile and water contact-angle tests to elucidate the effects of CNF on mechanical and surface properties. FINDINGS Addition of CNF to waterborne polyester promotes shear-thinning behavior that remains unaffected by the CNF content. Solid films cast from these suspensions possess enhanced mechanical properties, as well as tailorable surface hydrophilicity, depending on composition and film-drying temperature. Tensile tests reveal that films containing 10 wt% CNF display the greatest mechanical improvements, suggesting the existence of a previously unidentified Goldilocks composition window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ah Jin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Emily G Facchine
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland; Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Saad A Khan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Richard J Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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6
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Huang S, Wang L, Li Y, Liang C, Zhang J. Novel
Ti
3
C
2
T
x
MXene/epoxy intumescent fire‐retardant coatings for ancient wooden architectures. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Chaobo Liang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
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7
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Yuan B, Wang Y, Chen G, Yang F, Zhang H, Cao C, Zuo B. Nacre-like graphene oxide paper bonded with boric acid for fire early-warning sensor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123645. [PMID: 32853891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Boric acid-modified graphene oxide (GO-BA) paper is prepared by a green and facile water evaporation-induced self-assembly method, and its application as an early fire-alarm sensor is investigated. The nacre structure is constructed by assembling graphene oxide (GO) and boric acid (BA) as brick and mortar, respectively. Compared with pure GO paper, improved thermal-oxidative stability is obtained for GO-BA. GO nanosheets are bonded with BA molecules by forming hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl in BA and the rich oxygen-containing functional groups on GO. Notably, the insulating GO-BA paper can be rapidly thermally reduced to conductive reduced graphene oxide under flame exposure, thus providing an ideal fire-alarm response with a quick flame-detection time of ∼0.8 s. In addition, boron oxide formed under flame attack covers the surface of GO, inhibiting further oxidation of GO paper, and effectively extending the duration time of GO-BA under combustion. These results indicate that the GO-BA paper prepared has a broad prospect in the field of fire early-alarm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gongqing Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangzhou Yang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Chengran Cao
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Boyu Zuo
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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8
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Ullah S, Ahmad F, Al‐Sehemi AG, Assiri MA, Raza MR, Irfan A. Effect of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal degradation and weathering of intumescent
fire‐retardant
coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rafi Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad—Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
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9
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Price EJ, Covello J, Tuchler A, Wnek GE. Intumescent, Epoxy-Based Flame-Retardant Coatings Based on Poly(acrylic acid) Compositions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18997-19005. [PMID: 32227977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intumescent coatings expand upon exposure to a flame to create a protective char layer between the flame and underlying substrate. Widely used commercially, these coatings are applied notably to steel load-bearing beams, significantly extending their time to failure. Boric acid has proved to be a particularly effective additive in the formulation in these coatings, although regulatory concerns are driving an urgent need for more environmentally friendly additives. We report here the characterization of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) for its use as a novel material in flame-retardant and intumescent coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) were performed on the novel flame-retardant additives to evaluate individual degradation mechanisms and heat release rates. Promising compositions were immobilized in an epoxy binder and formulated with other intumescent additives such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and melamine (MEL) to evaluate performance in a coating system. These formulations were then evaluated via quantitative cone calorimetry. Particular PAA-containing formulations show peak heat release rates (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of 283 kW/m2 and 50.5 MJ/m2, respectively, which compare favorably to data for BA-containing systems, specifically PHRR = 229 kW/m2 and THR = 43.1 MJ/m2. Results showed promise and need for further investigation into PAA as a multifunctional additive for use in flame-retardant and intumescent coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Price
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - James Covello
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Andrew Tuchler
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Gary E Wnek
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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10
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Jiang M, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Huang B, Chen Z, Chen T, Jiang J. Flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester composites with modified ammonium polyphosphate, montmorillonite, and zinc borate. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Jiang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Qingwu Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Bujun Huang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control; Nanjing Tech University; Mail Box 13, No. 200 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
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11
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Experimental Study on the Fire Performance of Tubular Steel Columns with Membrane Protections for Prefabricated and Modular Steel Construction. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11030437. [PMID: 29547574 PMCID: PMC5873016 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental research was conducted to study the fire resistance of steel tubular columns used in prefabricated and modular construction. In order to achieve high-efficient prefabrication and fast on-site installation, membrane protections using board products and thermal insulation blankets are adopted as the favorable protection method. Three protected tubular columns were tested in a full-scale column furnace with axial load applied. The study variables were different membranes, including fiber reinforced calcium silicate (FRCS) boards, rock wool and aluminum silica (Fiberfrax) insulations. The results suggest that one layer of 12 mm FRCS board with rock wool insulation has insufficient fire protection. However, steel columns protected with two layers of 12 mm FRCS boards with insulation appeared to have good fire resistances and could achieve a fire resistance rating as high as 2.5~3.0 h.
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12
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Catarina GAS, Borsoi C, Romanzini D, Piazza D, Kunst SR, Scienza LC, Zattera AJ. Development of acrylic-based powder coatings with incorporation of montmorillonite clays. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar Antônio Santa Catarina
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul; R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 95070-560 Caxias do Sul/RS Brazil
| | - Cleide Borsoi
- Exact Science and Technology Center (CETEC), UNIVATES; R. Avelino Tallini, 171 95900-000 Lajeado/RS Brazil
| | - Daiane Romanzini
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul; R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 95070-560 Caxias do Sul/RS Brazil
| | - Diego Piazza
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul; R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 95070-560 Caxias do Sul/RS Brazil
| | - Sandra Raquel Kunst
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul; R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 95070-560 Caxias do Sul/RS Brazil
| | - Lisete Cristine Scienza
- Materials Engineering Department (DEMAT); Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre/RS Brazil
| | - Ademir José Zattera
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul; R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 95070-560 Caxias do Sul/RS Brazil
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13
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The Role of Bentonite Clay on Improvement in Char Adhesion of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coating with Steel Substrate. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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de Souza MM, de Sá SC, Zmozinski AV, Peres RS, Ferreira CA. Biomass as the Carbon Source in Intumescent Coatings for Steel Protection against Fire. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena M. de Souza
- LAPOL/PPGE3M-Laboratório
de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie C. de Sá
- LAPOL/PPGE3M-Laboratório
de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ariane V. Zmozinski
- LAPOL/PPGE3M-Laboratório
de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Peres
- LAPOL/PPGE3M-Laboratório
de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Ferreira
- LAPOL/PPGE3M-Laboratório
de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Synergistic effect of an aromatic boronic acid derivative and magnesium hydroxide on the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Zhang T, Liu W, Wang M, Liu P, Pan Y, Liu D. Synthesis of a boron/nitrogen-containing compound based on triazine and boronic acid and its flame retardant effect on epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316650929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of developing a novel organic flame retardant, an organic boronic acid derivative containing a triazine ring (2,4,6-tris(4-boronic-2-thiophene)-1,3,5-triazine (3TT-3BA)) was synthesized. The thermal properties of 3TT-3BA and its corresponding intermediate products were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that 3TT-3BA has a high char yield (56.9%). The flame retardant properties of epoxy resin (EP) with 3TT-3BA were investigated by cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, and vertical burning test (UL 94). The LOI of EP with 20% 3TT-3BA is 31.2% and the UL 94 V-0 rating is achieved for EP with 20% 3TT-3BA. The flame retardant mechanism of 3TT-3BA in EP was investigated using TGA–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weishi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Shine Polymer Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Pan
- Guangzhou Institute of Quality Supervision Test, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfa Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Quality Supervision Test, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Ullah S, Ahmad F, Shariff A, Bustam M. Synergistic effects of kaolin clay on intumescent fire retardant coating composition for fire protection of structural steel substrate. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and thermal degradation studies of melamine formaldehyde resins. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:940502. [PMID: 25436237 PMCID: PMC4241734 DOI: 10.1155/2014/940502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins have been synthesized at different reaction temperature and pH values. Different molar ratios of melamine and formaldehyde were used to synthesize the corresponding resins. The prepared resin samples were characterized by using molecular weight determination viscometry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The maximum percentage of solid content (69.7%) was obtained at pH 8.5 and 75°C temperature. The molecular weight of MF resin was increased with an increase of melamine monomer concentration. The highest residual weight 14.125 wt.% was obtained with sample 10.
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19
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Ullah S, Bustam MA, Ahmad F, Nadeem M, Naz MY, Sagir M, Shariff AM. Synthesis and Characterization of Melamine Formaldehyde Resins for Decorative Paper Applications. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Abstract
There is a growing need of counter assessing the increase of releases greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide by researching an alternative technology that can help to reduce carbon dioxide content in atmosphere. This research work investigates the potential of MIL-53 as CO2capture and storage candidate by conducting an experiment with different pressure between the synthesised and modified MIL-53. To investigate the effect of the Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in MIL-53 towards CO2adsorption performance. The synthesised samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) techniques. A significant change is observed in the region of the aromatic deformation vibrations due to the different substitution patterns of the aromatic ring. BET surface area for MWCNT@MIL-53 is higher than CNF@MIL-53 and MIL-53. MWCNTs showed the adsorption of CO2uptake is 0.3mmole-1/g at 100Kpa.
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Abstract
The objective of this research work was to study the thermal efficiency of intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) designed to protect structural steel in event of fire. IFRC has been effectively developed by using ammonium polyphosphate (APP), expandable graphite (EG), melamine (MEL), boric acid (BA), titanium oxide (TiO2), and bisphenol A BE-188 with polyamide amine H-2310 as curing agent. Six formulations were developed using different weight percentage (wt. %) of TiO2 and samples were tested for char expansion in furnace at 500°C for 2 h. Bunsen burner test was used to investigate the thermal performance of coating and its performance was compared by using thermal margin value. FESEM was used for char morphology. Char composition was analyzed by XRD and FTIR. Results showed that the coating with 4 wt. % of TiO2 provides better thermal insulation to the steel substrate.
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22
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Ullah S, Ahmad F. Effects of zirconium silicate reinforcement on expandable graphite based intumescent fire retardant coating. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Cegłowski M, Gierczyk B, Schroeder G. Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) functionalized with 3-aminophenylboronic acid: A new boronic acid polymer for sensing diols in neutral water. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Cegłowski
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Błażej Gierczyk
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Grzegorz Schroeder
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
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