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França RCAS, Simbara MMO, Malmonge SM, Santos AR. Morphological and biochemical analysis of cells cultured on fibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with different degrees of fiber alignment produced by solution blow spinning. Artif Organs 2023; 47:1395-1403. [PMID: 36571478 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioresorbable materials are compounds that decompose in physiological mediums both in vitro and in vivo and are used as an alternative to temporary implants in injured tissues. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology and cytochemistry of cells grown on fibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds and to measure cell metabolism parameters by biochemical analysis of the conditioned culture medium from cells grown on the scaffolds. METHODS Fibrous PCL scaffolds were used under the following conditions: unaligned fibers (NA), fibers aligned at 150 rpm (A150), and fibers aligned at 300 rpm (A300). Vero cells were cultured on these scaffolds for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Samples were analyzed by SEM, MicroCT, cytochemistry, and culture medium biochemistry. RESULTS The results of the cytochemical analysis showed cells were confluent and well spread on the culture plate, while cells grown on the polymeric scaffold, exhibited an elongated morphology. In the biochemical analyses, no significant differences were observed in the expression of alkaline phosphatase or in the levels of cholesterol or total protein in the culture medium. The different materials do not seem to promote changes in the expression or metabolism of these molecules. Only glucose was markedly reduced in the culture medium of cells grown on either aligned or unaligned scaffolds for 48 h or 72 h. This finding indicates the intense energy requirements of cells grown on these scaffolds. CONCLUSION PCL fibers showed a great capacity to support cell growth. These data reinforce the interpretation that cells grow satisfactorily on PCL scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina C A S França
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Marcia M O Simbara
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Sônia M Malmonge
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo R Santos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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Alamán-Díez P, García-Gareta E, Napal PF, Arruebo M, Pérez MÁ. In Vitro Hydrolytic Degradation of Polyester-Based Scaffolds under Static and Dynamic Conditions in a Customized Perfusion Bioreactor. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072572. [PMID: 35407903 PMCID: PMC9000590 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Creating biofunctional artificial scaffolds could potentially meet the demand of patients suffering from bone defects without having to rely on donors or autologous transplantation. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a promising tool to fabricate, by computer design, biodegradable polymeric scaffolds with high precision and accuracy, using patient-specific anatomical data. Achieving controlled degradation profiles of 3D printed polymeric scaffolds is an essential feature to consider to match them with the tissue regeneration rate. Thus, achieving a thorough characterization of the biomaterial degradation kinetics in physiological conditions is needed. Here, 50:50 blends made of poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PCL-PLGA) were used to fabricate cylindrical scaffolds by 3D printing (⌀ 7 × 2 mm). Their hydrolytic degradation under static and dynamic conditions was characterized and quantified. For this purpose, we designed and in-house fabricated a customized bioreactor. Several techniques were used to characterize the degradation of the parent polymers: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), evaluation of the mechanical properties, weigh loss measurements as well as the monitoring of the degradation media pH. Our results showed that flow perfusion is critical in the degradation process of PCL-PLGA based scaffolds implying an accelerated hydrolysis compared to the ones studied under static conditions, and up to 4 weeks are needed to observe significant degradation in polyester scaffolds of this size and chemical composition. Our degradation study and characterization methodology are relevant for an accurate design and to tailor the physicochemical properties of polyester-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alamán-Díez
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (P.F.N.); (M.Á.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (P.F.N.); (M.Á.P.)
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pedro Francisco Napal
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (P.F.N.); (M.Á.P.)
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I + D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (P.F.N.); (M.Á.P.)
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3
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Production of drug-releasing biodegradable microporous scaffold impregnated with gemcitabine using a CO2 foaming process. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Zamboulis A, Nakiou EA, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN, Kontonasaki E, Liverani L, Boccaccini AR. Polyglycerol Hyperbranched Polyesters: Synthesis, Properties and Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6210. [PMID: 31835372 PMCID: PMC6940955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a century when environmental pollution is a major issue, polymers issued from bio-based monomers have gained important interest, as they are expected to be environment-friendly, and biocompatible, with non-toxic degradation products. In parallel, hyperbranched polymers have emerged as an easily accessible alternative to dendrimers with numerous potential applications. Glycerol (Gly) is a natural, low-cost, trifunctional monomer, with a production expected to grow significantly, and thus an excellent candidate for the synthesis of hyperbranched polyesters for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In the present article, we review the synthesis, properties, and applications of glycerol polyesters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (from succinic to sebacic acids) as well as the copolymers of glycerol or hyperbranched polyglycerol with poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone). Emphasis was given to summarize the synthetic procedures (monomer molar ratio, used catalysts, temperatures, etc.,) and their effect on the molecular weight, solubility, and thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared hyperbranched polymers. Their applications in pharmaceutical technology as drug carries and in biomedical applications focusing on regenerative medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eirini A. Nakiou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Liliana Liverani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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Gultekinoglu M, Öztürk Ş, Chen B, Edirisinghe M, Ulubayram K. Preparation of poly(glycerol sebacate) fibers for tissue engineering applications. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen J, Hu H, Feng L, Zhu Q, Hancharou A, Liu B, Yan C, Xu Y, Guo R. Preparation and characterization of 3D porous conductive scaffolds with magnetic resonance enhancement in tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:045013. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab1d9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Zhao N, Lv Z, Ma J, Zhu C, Li Q. Fabrication of hydrophilic small diameter vascular foam scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone)/polylactic blend by sodium hydroxide solution. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Gao J, Chen S, Tang D, Jiang L, Shi J, Wang S. Mechanical Properties and Degradability of Electrospun PCL/PLGA Blended Scaffolds as Vascular Grafts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12209-018-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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One pot biocatalytic synthesis of a biodegradable electroactive macromonomer based on 3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene and poly( l -lactic acid). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 83:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Souza MT, Tansaz S, Zanotto ED, Boccaccini AR. Bioactive Glass Fiber-Reinforced PGS Matrix Composites for Cartilage Regeneration. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10010083. [PMID: 28772442 PMCID: PMC5344602 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is an elastomeric polymer which is attracting increasing interest for biomedical applications, including cartilage regeneration. However, its limited mechanical properties and possible negative effects of its degradation byproducts restrict PGS for in vivo application. In this study, a novel PGS–bioactive glass fiber (F18)-reinforced composite was developed and characterized. PGS-based reinforced scaffolds were fabricated via salt leaching and characterized regarding their mechanical properties, degradation, and bioactivity in contact with simulated body fluid. Results indicated that the incorporation of silicate-based bioactive glass fibers could double the composite tensile strength, tailor the polymer degradability, and improve the scaffold bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trevelin Souza
- CeRTEV-Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials, Vitreous Material Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, 13565905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Tansaz
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Edgar Dutra Zanotto
- CeRTEV-Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials, Vitreous Material Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, 13565905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Hatamzadeh M, Najafi-Moghadam P, Beygi-Khosrowshahi Y, Massoumi B, Jaymand M. Electrically conductive nanofibrous scaffolds based on poly(ethylene glycol)s-modified polyaniline and poly(ε-caprolactone) for tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22280c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to design and development of electrically conductive nanofibrous scaffolds composed of PEGs-b-(PANI)4 and PCL for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hatamzadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Urmia
- Urmia
- Iran
| | | | - Younes Beygi-Khosrowshahi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Chemical Engineering Department
| | | | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
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12
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Shen H, Niu Y, Hu X, Yang F, Wang S, Wu D. A biomimetic 3D microtubule-orientated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffold with interconnected pores for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4417-4425. [PMID: 32262785 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An ideal tissue engineering scaffold should imitate physical and biochemical cues of natural extracellular matrix and have interconnected porous structures with high porosity to provide adequate space for cell seeding, growth and proliferation, as well as nutrient delivery and metabolized product elimination. In this study, we examined the feasibility of fabricating microtubule-orientated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds with interconnected pores (denoted as MOIP-PLGA) by an improved thermal-induced phase separation technique. We successfully constructed MOIP-PLGA using 1,4-dioxane as the first solvent and benzene or water with lower freezing point as the second solvent. Especially, when water was used, the MOIP-PLGA had higher porosity and it could guide rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to better grow along the microtubule direction of the scaffold. Comparing with microtubule-orientated scaffold without interconnected pores (denoted as MONIP-PLGA), the proliferation and viability of SMCs cultured on MOIP-PLGA were higher. Moreover, basic fibroblast growth factor could be effectively bound on MOIP-PLGA by a plasma treatment technique and the growth factor could be slowly released in vitro, maintaining bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Trujillo-de Santiago G, Portales-Cabrera CG, Portillo-Lara R, Araiz-Hernández D, Del Barone MC, García-López E, Rojas-de Gante C, de los Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes M, Segoviano-Ramírez JC, García-Lara S, Rodríguez-González CÁ, Alvarez MM, Di Maio E, Iannace S. Supercritical CO2 foaming of thermoplastic materials derived from maize: proof-of-concept use in mammalian cell culture applications. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122489. [PMID: 25859853 PMCID: PMC4393026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foams are high porosity and low density materials. In nature, they are a common architecture. Some of their relevant technological applications include heat and sound insulation, lightweight materials, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Foams derived from natural polymers are particularly attractive for tissue culture due to their biodegradability and bio-compatibility. Here, the foaming potential of an extensive list of materials was assayed, including slabs elaborated from whole flour, the starch component only, or the protein fraction only of maize seeds. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used supercritical CO2 to produce foams from thermoplasticized maize derived materials. Polyethylene-glycol, sorbitol/glycerol, or urea/formamide were used as plasticizers. We report expansion ratios, porosities, average pore sizes, pore morphologies, and pore size distributions for these materials. High porosity foams were obtained from zein thermoplasticized with polyethylene glycol, and from starch thermoplasticized with urea/formamide. Zein foams had a higher porosity than starch foams (88% and 85%, respectively) and a narrower and more evenly distributed pore size. Starch foams exhibited a wider span of pore sizes and a larger average pore size than zein (208.84 vs. 55.43 μm2, respectively). Proof-of-concept cell culture experiments confirmed that mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and two different prostate cancer cell lines (22RV1, DU145) attached to and proliferated on zein foams. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We conducted screening and proof-of-concept experiments on the fabrication of foams from cereal-based bioplastics. We propose that a key indicator of foamability is the strain at break of the materials to be foamed (as calculated from stress vs. strain rate curves). Zein foams exhibit attractive properties (average pore size, pore size distribution, and porosity) for cell culture applications; we were able to establish and sustain mammalian cell cultures on zein foams for extended time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Harvard-MIT Helath Sciences and Technology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Roberto Portillo-Lara
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Diana Araiz-Hernández
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Maria Cristina Del Barone
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Erika García-López
- Centro de Innovación en Diseño y Tecnología, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | | | | | - Silverio García-Lara
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Harvard-MIT Helath Sciences and Technology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iannace
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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Shi H, Gan Q, Liu X, Ma Y, Hu J, Yuan Y, Liu C. Poly(glycerol sebacate)-modified polylactic acid scaffolds with improved hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and bioactivity for bone tissue regeneration. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13334c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has been extensively researched in biomedical engineering applications due to its superior mechanical strength and biocompatibility in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengsong Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Qi Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yifan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
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Krook NM, LeBlon C, Jedlicka SS. In Vitro Examination of Poly(glycerol sebacate) Degradation Kinetics: Effects of Porosity and Cure Temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTPoly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a biodegradable and biocompatible elastomer that has been used in a wide range of biomedical applications. While a porous format is common for tissue engineering scaffolds, to allow cell ingrowth, PGS degradation has been primarily studied in a nonporous format. The purpose of this research was to investigate the degradation of porous PGS at three frequently used cure temperatures: 120°C, 140°C, and 165°C. The thermal, chemical, mechanical, and morphological changes were examined using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, compression testing, and scanning electron microscopy. Over the course of the 16-week degradation study, the samples’ pores collapsed. The specimens cured at 120°C demonstrated the most degradation and became gel-like after 16 weeks. Thermal changes were most evident in the 120°C and 140°C cure PGS specimens, as shifts in the melting and recrystallization temperatures occurred. Porous samples cured at all three temperatures displayed a decrease in compressive modulus after 16 weeks. This in vitro study helped to elucidate the effects of porosity and cure temperature on the biodegradation of PGS and will be valuable for the design of future PGS scaffolds.
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Gelatin-modified polyurethanes for soft tissue scaffold. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:450132. [PMID: 24363617 PMCID: PMC3856153 DOI: 10.1155/2013/450132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, in the field of biomaterials for soft tissue scaffolds, the interest of their modification with natural polymersis growing. Synthetic polymers are often tough, and many of them do not possess fine biocompatibility. On the other hand, natural polymers are biocompatible but weak when used alone. The combination of natural and synthetic polymers gives the suitable properties for tissue engineering requirements. In our study, we modified gelatin synthetic polyurethanes prepared from polyester poly(ethylene-butylene adipate) (PEBA), aliphatic 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and two different chain extenders 1,4-butanediol (BDO) or 1-ethoxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol (EHEE). From a chemical point of view, we replaced expensive components for building PU, such as 2,6-diisocyanato methyl caproate (LDI) and 1,4-diisocyanatobutane (BDI), with cost-effective HDI. The gelatin was added in situ (in the first step of synthesis) to polyurethane to increase biocompatibility and biodegradability of the obtained material. It appeared that the obtained gelatin-modified PU foams, in which chain extender was BDO, had enhanced interactions with media and their hydrolytic degradation profile was also improved for tissue engineering application. Furthermore, the gelatin introduction had positive impact on gelatin-modified PU foams by increasing their hemocompatibility.
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