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Fukala I, Kučera I. Natural Polyhydroxyalkanoates-An Overview of Bacterial Production Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:2293. [PMID: 38792154 PMCID: PMC11124392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular biopolymers that microorganisms use for energy and carbon storage. They are mechanically similar to petrochemical plastics when chemically extracted, but are completely biodegradable. While they have potential as a replacement for petrochemical plastics, their high production cost using traditional carbon sources remains a significant challenge. One potential solution is to modify heterotrophic PHA-producing strains to utilize alternative carbon sources. An alternative approach is to utilize methylotrophic or autotrophic strains. This article provides an overview of bacterial strains employed for PHA production, with a particular focus on those exhibiting the highest PHA content in dry cell mass. The strains are organized according to their carbon source utilization, encompassing autotrophy (utilizing CO2, CO) and methylotrophy (utilizing reduced single-carbon substrates) to heterotrophy (utilizing more traditional and alternative substrates).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kučera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
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2
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Oh SJ, Kim S, Lee Y, Shin Y, Choi S, Oh J, Bhatia SK, Joo JC, Yang YH. Controlled production of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) tetramer containing different mole fraction of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3 HV), 4 HV and 5 HV units by engineered Cupriavidus necator. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131332. [PMID: 38574905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising alternatives to existing petrochemical-based plastics because of their bio-degradable properties. However, the limited structural diversity of PHAs has hindered their application. In this study, high mole-fractions of Poly (39 mol% 3HB-co-17 mol% 3 HV-co-44 mol% 4 HV) and Poly (25 mol% 3HB-co-75 mol% 5 HV) were produced from 4- hydroxyvaleric acid and 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, using Cupriavidus necator PHB-4 harboring the gene phaCBP-M-CPF4 with modified sequences. In addition, the complex toxicity of precursor mixtures was tested, and it was confirmed that the engineered C. necator was capable of synthesizing Poly (32 mol% 3HB-co-11 mol% 3 HV-co-25 mol% 4 HV-co-32 mol% 5 HV) at low mixture concentrations. Correlation analyses of the precursor ratio and the monomeric mole fractions indicated that each mole fractions could be precisely controlled using the precursor proportion. Physical property analysis confirmed that Poly (3HB-co-3 HV-co-4 HV) is a rubber-like amorphous polymer and Poly (3HB-co-5 HV) has a high tensile strength and elongation at break. Poly (3HB-co-3 HV-co-4 HV-co-5 HV) had a much lower glass transition temperature than the co-, terpolymers containing 3 HV, 4 HV and 5 HV. This study expands the range of possible physical properties of PHAs and contributes to the realization of custom PHA production by suggesting a method for producing PHAs with various physical properties through mole-fraction control of 3 HV, 4 HV and 5 HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suwon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeda Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuni Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhye Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinok Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Volova TG, Zhila NO, Kiselev EG, Sukovatyi AG, Lukyanenko AV, Shishatskaya EI. Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates with a Different Set of Valerate Monomers: Chemical Structure and Physicochemical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14082. [PMID: 37762383 PMCID: PMC10531092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties, features of thermal behavior and crystallization of copolymers containing various types of valerate monomers were studied depending on the set and ratio of monomers. We synthesized and studied the properties of three-component copolymers containing unusual monomers 4-hydroxyvalerate (4HV) and 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (3H4MV), in addition to the usual 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) monomers. The results showed that P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HV) and P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3H4MV) terpolymers tended to increase thermal stability, especially for methylated samples, including an increase in the gap between melting point (Tmelt) and thermal degradation temperature (Tdegr), an increase in the melting point and glass transition temperature, as well as a lower degree of crystallinity (40-46%) compared with P(3HB-co-3HV) (58-66%). The copolymer crystallization kinetics depended on the set and ratio of monomers. For terpolymers during exothermic crystallization, higher rates of spherulite formation (Gmax) were registered, reaching, depending on the ratio of monomers, 1.6-2.0 µm/min, which was several times higher than the Gmax index (0.52 µm/min) for the P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer. The revealed differences in the thermal properties and crystallization kinetics of terpolymers indicate that they are promising polymers for processing into high quality products from melts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G. Volova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.G.S.); (E.I.S.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Natalia O. Zhila
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.G.S.); (E.I.S.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Evgeniy G. Kiselev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.G.S.); (E.I.S.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Aleksey G. Sukovatyi
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.G.S.); (E.I.S.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Anna V. Lukyanenko
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.G.S.); (E.I.S.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
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Biosynthesis and Properties of a P(3HB- co-3HV- co-4HV) Produced by Cupriavidus necator B-10646. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194226. [PMID: 36236173 PMCID: PMC9570873 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HV) copolymers by the wild-type strain Cupriavidus necator B-10646 on fructose or sodium butyrate as the main C-substrate with the addition of γ-valerolactone as a precursor of 3HV and 4HV monomers was studied. Bacterial cells were cultivated in the modes that enabled production of a series of copolymers with molar fractions of 3HV (from 7.3 to 23.4 mol.%) and 4HV (from 1.9 to 4.7 mol.%) with bacterial biomass concentration (8.2 ± 0.2 g/L) and PHA content (80 ± 2%). Using HPLC, DTA, DSC, X-Ray, SEM, and AFM, the physicochemical properties of copolymers and films prepared from them have been investigated as dependent on proportions of monomers. Copolymers are characterized by a reduced degree of crystallinity (Cx 38-49%) molecular weight characteristics Mn (45-87 kDa), and Mw (201-248 kDa) compared with P(3HB). The properties of the films surface of various composition including the porosity and surface roughness were studied. Most of the samples showed a decrease in the average pore area and an increase in their number with a total increase in 3HV and 4HV monomers. The results allow scaling up the productive synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HV) copolymers using Cupriavidus necator B-10646.
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Tanadchangsaeng N, Pattanasupong A. Evaluation of Biodegradabilities of Biosynthetic Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Thailand Seawater and Toxicity Assessment of Environmental Safety Levels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:428. [PMID: 35160420 PMCID: PMC8840047 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, thousands of tons of non-biodegradable plastic products are dumped into marine environments in Thailand's territorial seawater, impacting various marine animals. Recently, there has been a surge in interest in biodegradable plastics as a solution for aquatic environments. However, in Thailand's coastal waters, no suitable biodegradable plastic has been used as ocean-biodegradable packaging. Among them, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have excellent biodegradability even in seawater, which is the desired property for packaging applications in tourist places such as plastic bags and bottles. In this report, we assess the environment's safety and study the biodegradation in Thailand seawater of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and PHA copolymer (PHBVV) that were successfully synthesized by bacteria with similar molecular weight. The two types of extracted PHA samples were preliminary biodegradability tested in the marine environment compared with cellulose and polyethylene. Within 28 days, PHB and PHBVV could be biodegraded in both natural and synthetic seawater with 61.2 and 96.5%, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed residual toxicity after biodegradation for environmental safety using seawater samples containing residual digested compounds and the standard guide for acute toxicity tests. It was discovered that marine water mites (Artemia franciscana) have 100 percent viability, indicating that they are non-toxic to the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, 52/347 Phahonyothin Road, Lak-Hok, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
| | - Anchana Pattanasupong
- Material Biodegradation Testing Laboratory, Material Properties Analysis and Development Centre, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Technopolis, Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
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Evaluation of 3D-Printing Scaffold Fabrication on Biosynthetic Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Terpolyester as Biomaterial-Ink. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142222. [PMID: 34300981 PMCID: PMC8309464 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the selection of materials for tissue engineering scaffolds is still limited because some tissues require flexible and compatible materials with human cells. Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (MCL-PHA) synthesized in microorganisms is an interesting polymer for use in this area and has elastomeric properties compatible with the human body. MCL-PHAs are elastomers with biodegradability and cellular compatibility, making them an attractive material for fabricating soft tissue that requires high elasticity. In this research, MCL-PHA was produced by fed-batch fermentation that Pseudomonas Putida ATCC 47054 was cultured to accumulate MCL-PHA by using glycerol and sodium octanoate as carbon sources. The amounts of dry cell density, MCL-PHA product per dry cells, and MCL-PHA productivity were at 15 g/L, 27%, and 0.067 g/L/h, respectively, and the components of MCL-PHA consisting of 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) 64.5%, 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO) 32.2%, and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) 3.3%. The biosynthesized MCL-PHA terpolyester has a relatively low melting temperature, low crystallinity, and high ductility at 52 °C, 15.7%, and 218%, respectively, and considering as elastomeric polyester. The high-resolution scaffold of MCL-PHA terpolyester biomaterial-ink (approximately 0.36 mm porous size) could be printed in a selected condition with a 3D printer, similar to the optimum pore size for cell attachment and proliferation. The rheological characteristic of this MCL-PHA biomaterial-ink exhibits shear-thinning behavior, leading to good shape fidelity. The study results yielded a condition capable of fabricating an elastomer scaffold of the MCL-PHA terpolyester, giving rise to the ideal soft tissue engineering application.
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Cultivation temperature modulated the monomer composition and polymer properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesized by Cupriavidus sp. L7L from levulinate as sole carbon source. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1558-1564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tanadchangsaeng N, Kitmongkolpaisarn S, Boonyagul S, Koobkokkruad T. Chemomechanical and morphological properties with proliferation of keratinocyte cells of electrospun poyhydroxyalkanoate fibers incorporated with essential oil. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sani Boonyagul
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering; Rangsit University; Lak-Hok Pathumthani 12000 Thailand
| | - Thongchai Koobkokkruad
- Nanocosmeceutical laboratory, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC); National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA); Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
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Gagliardi M, Bifone A. Ring-opening copolymerization thermodynamics and kinetics of γ-valerolactone/ϵ-caprolactone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199231. [PMID: 29927986 PMCID: PMC6013151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The general misconception that γ-lactones are not thermodynamically polymerizable has limited the development of all γ-lactone-based copolymers. A few studies have reported copolymerization of these five-membered cyclic esters with more reactive monomers, yet a systematic investigation of kinetics and thermodynamics is still lacking. To explore the feasibility of the reaction, we combined equilibrium and non-isothermal syntheses for the copolymerization of γ-valerolactone with ϵ-caprolactone, initiated with methoxy polyethyleneglycol and catalyzed by Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate. Here, we present the polymerization kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for different monomer ratios in the reaction feed. We observed the dependency of enthalpy and entropy of polymerization upon monomer ratio changes, and estimated a linear increase in the activation energy by increasing the γ-valerolactone fraction in the starting monomer mixture. Our data demonstrate that γ-valerolactone can copolymerize with ϵ-caprolactone, but only under specific conditions. The reaction parameters determined in this study will enable preparation of additional γ-valerolactone-based copolymers and development of a family of degradable materials with improved properties in respect to commonly used polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Gagliardi
- Center for Micro Bio-Robotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UNITN, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
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Kumar M, Singhal A, Verma PK, Thakur IS. Production and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Lignin Derivatives by Pandoraea sp. ISTKB. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:9156-9163. [PMID: 30023602 PMCID: PMC6045365 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from lignin and its derivatives by a previously reported lignin-degrading bacterial strain Pandoraea sp. ISTKB. PHA production was screened by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using a Nile red stain. PHA and biomass accumulation, while screening, was found to be maximum on 4-hydroxybenzoic acid followed by p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and kraft lignin after 96 h. Monomer composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and was followed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR analysis, indicating PHA to be a copolymer of P(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate). Genomic analysis of Pandoraea sp. ISTKB also complemented the results of GC-MS and NMR, and the relevant genes responsible for the synthesis of small chain length PHA were discovered in the genome. Process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology for enhanced production of PHA and biomass on 4-hydroxybenzoate. Optimization results showed 30 and 66% increase in the biomass and PHA production, respectively. The results obtained were promising and indicated that if lignin is depolymerized into low-molecular-weight intermediates, then it can easily be utilized and converted into value-added products like PHA by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anjali Singhal
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- National
Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
- E-mail: , . Phone: +91-11-26704321
(0), +91-11-26191370 (R). Fax: 011 26717586 (I.S.T.)
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