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Sytu MRC, Cho DH, Hahm JI. Self-Assembled Block Copolymers as a Facile Pathway to Create Functional Nanobiosensor and Nanobiomaterial Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1267. [PMID: 38732737 PMCID: PMC11085100 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) surfaces permit an exquisite level of nanoscale control in biomolecular assemblies solely based on self-assembly. Owing to this, BCP-based biomolecular assembly represents a much-needed, new paradigm for creating nanobiosensors and nanobiomaterials without the need for costly and time-consuming fabrication steps. Research endeavors in the BCP nanobiotechnology field have led to stimulating results that can promote our current understanding of biomolecular interactions at a solid interface to the never-explored size regimes comparable to individual biomolecules. Encouraging research outcomes have also been reported for the stability and activity of biomolecules bound on BCP thin film surfaces. A wide range of single and multicomponent biomolecules and BCP systems has been assessed to substantiate the potential utility in practical applications as next-generation nanobiosensors, nanobiodevices, and biomaterials. To this end, this Review highlights pioneering research efforts made in the BCP nanobiotechnology area. The discussions will be focused on those works particularly pertaining to nanoscale surface assembly of functional biomolecules, biomolecular interaction properties unique to nanoscale polymer interfaces, functionality of nanoscale surface-bound biomolecules, and specific examples in biosensing. Systems involving the incorporation of biomolecules as one of the blocks in BCPs, i.e., DNA-BCP hybrids, protein-BCP conjugates, and isolated BCP micelles of bioligand carriers used in drug delivery, are outside of the scope of this Review. Looking ahead, there awaits plenty of exciting research opportunities to advance the research field of BCP nanobiotechnology by capitalizing on the fundamental groundwork laid so far for the biomolecular interactions on BCP surfaces. In order to better guide the path forward, key fundamental questions yet to be addressed by the field are identified. In addition, future research directions of BCP nanobiotechnology are contemplated in the concluding section of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ryan C. Sytu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - David H. Cho
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jong-in Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
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2
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Jambhulkar S, Ravichandran D, Zhu Y, Thippanna V, Ramanathan A, Patil D, Fonseca N, Thummalapalli SV, Sundaravadivelan B, Sun A, Xu W, Yang S, Kannan AM, Golan Y, Lancaster J, Chen L, Joyee EB, Song K. Nanoparticle Assembly: From Self-Organization to Controlled Micropatterning for Enhanced Functionalities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306394. [PMID: 37775949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles form long-range micropatterns via self-assembly or directed self-assembly with superior mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, chemical, and other functional properties for broad applications, such as structural supports, thermal exchangers, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and robotics. The precisely defined particle assembly at the nanoscale with simultaneously scalable patterning at the microscale is indispensable for enabling functionality and improving the performance of devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of nanoparticle assembly formed primarily via the balance of forces at the nanoscale (e.g., van der Waals, colloidal, capillary, convection, and chemical forces) and nanoparticle-template interactions (e.g., physical confinement, chemical functionalization, additive layer-upon-layer). The review commences with a general overview of nanoparticle self-assembly, with the state-of-the-art literature review and motivation. It subsequently reviews the recent progress in nanoparticle assembly without the presence of surface templates. Manufacturing techniques for surface template fabrication and their influence on nanoparticle assembly efficiency and effectiveness are then explored. The primary focus is the spatial organization and orientational preference of nanoparticles on non-templated and pre-templated surfaces in a controlled manner. Moreover, the article discusses broad applications of micropatterned surfaces, encompassing various fields. Finally, the review concludes with a summary of manufacturing methods, their limitations, and future trends in nanoparticle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Jambhulkar
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Varunkumar Thippanna
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramanathan
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dhanush Patil
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Nathan Fonseca
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sri Vaishnavi Thummalapalli
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Barath Sundaravadivelan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Allen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arunachala Mada Kannan
- The Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuval Golan
- Department of Materials Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jessica Lancaster
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Erina B Joyee
- Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kenan Song
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering (ECAM), College of Engineering, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Adjunct Professor of School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
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3
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Cho DH, Xie T, Mulcahey PJ, Kelleher NP, Hahm JI. Distinctive Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetics of Immunoglobulin G on a Nanoscale Polymer Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1458-1470. [PMID: 35037456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of protein adsorption beyond simple polymer surfaces to those presenting greater chemical complexity and nanoscopic features is critical to developing well-controlled nanobiomaterials and nanobiosensors. In this study, we repeatedly and faithfully track individual proteins on the same nanodomain areas of a block copolymer (BCP) surface and monitor the adsorption and assembly behavior of a model protein, immunoglobulin G (IgG), over time into a tight surface-packed structure. With discrete protein adsorption events unambiguously visualized at the biomolecular level, the detailed assembly and packing states of IgG on the BCP nanodomain surface are subsequently correlated to various regimes of IgG adsorption kinetic plots. Intriguing features, entirely different from those observed from macroscopic homopolymer templates, are identified from the IgG adsorption isotherms on the nanoscale, chemically varying BCP surface. They include the presence of two Langmuir-like adsorption segments and a nonmonotonic regime in the adsorption plot. Via correlation to time-corresponding topographic data, the unique isotherm features are explained with single biomolecule level details of the IgG adsorption pathway on the BCP. This work not only provides much needed, direct experimental evidence for time-resolved, single protein level, adsorption events on nanoscale polymer surfaces but also signifies mutual linking between specific topographic states of protein adsorption and assembly to particular segments of adsorption isotherms. From the fundamental research viewpoint, the correlative ability to examine the nanoscopic surface organizations of individual proteins and their local as well as global adsorption kinetic profiles will be highly valuable for accurately determining protein assembly mechanisms and interpreting protein adsorption kinetics on nanoscale surfaces. Application-wise, such knowledge will also be important for fundamentally guiding the design and development of biomaterials and biomedical devices that exploit nanoscale polymer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Patrick J Mulcahey
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Noah P Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Jong-In Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Sahu S, Karan P, Mishra AK. Nature of Saccharide-Induced F127 Micellar Dehydration: An Insight with FDAPT (2-Formyl-5-(4'- N, N-dimethylaminophenyl)thiophene), a Multiparametric Fluorescent Probe. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3067-3074. [PMID: 33650876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
FDAPT (2-formyl-5-(4'-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)thiophene) is an efficient environment-sensitive fluorescent probe, which senses the alteration of its microenvironment with six different fluorescent parameters, namely, emission intensity, wavelength, fluorescence anisotropy, and corresponding three time-dependent parameters fluorescence lifetime, time-resolved emission spectrum, and anisotropy decay. In the present work, the nature of saccharide-induced dehydration of a F127 polymeric micelle is investigated in detail with FDAPT emission. Using a multiparametric fluorescence approach, it is observed that the saccharide molecules not only decrease the critical micellization temperature of the F127 solution but also strongly alter the physical properties inside the micellar structures. The local polarity and fluidity significantly decrease in the saccharide-induced micelle as compared to the normal F127 micelle. The probe solvation dynamics study reveals that the water content in the core as well as corona domain diminishes significantly in the saccharide-induced micelle as compared to the normal micelle. More precisely, dehydration occurs more in the core region than in the corona region. Also, the saccharide-induced dehydration alters the relative size of the core and corona regions. The extent of dehydration varies with different saccharide molecules. It is also found that the dehydration efficiency order is trisaccharide (raffinose) > disaccharide (sucrose) > monosaccharide (glucose and fructose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugata Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pulak Karan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600036, India
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5
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Polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide thin films: In vitro cytocompatibility and protein adsorption testing. Biointerphases 2020; 15:011003. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5135062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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6
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Yang SC, Chen CY, Wan HY, Huang SY, Yang TI. Electroactive Composites with Block Copolymer-Templated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Application. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1430. [PMID: 31480428 PMCID: PMC6780777 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the leading causes of human death for centuries. Magnetic hyperthermia is a promising technique to confine and control cancers. However, particles used in magnetic hyperthermia leaking from where the cancers are located could compromise human health. Therefore, we developed electroactive iron oxide/block copolymer composites to tackle the leakage problem. Experimental results show that oleylamine-modified magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) particles and electroactive tetraaniline (TA) could be templated in the self-assembled microstructures of sulfonated [styrene-b-(ethylene-ran-butylene)-b-styrene] (S-SEBS) block copolymers. Various amounts of Fe3O4 particles and TA oligomer were incorporated in S-SEBS block copolymer and their electroactive behavior was confirmed by exhibiting two pairs of well-defined anodic and cathodic current peaks in cyclic voltammetry tests. The heating performance of the resultant TA/Fe3O4/polymer composites improved on increasing the added amount of Fe3O4 particles and TA oligomers. Both Fe3O4 and TA can contribute to improved heating performance, but Fe3O4 possesses a greater contribution than TA does. Hence, the main source for increasing the composites' temperature is Neel relaxation loss from Fe3O4 magnetic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chian Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Ta-I Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
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7
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Engineered systems to study the synergistic signaling between integrin-mediated mechanotransduction and growth factors (Review). Biointerphases 2018; 13:06D302. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5045231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Xie T, Chattoraj J, Mulcahey PJ, Kelleher NP, Del Gado E, Hahm JI. Revealing the principal attributes of protein adsorption on block copolymer surfaces with direct experimental evidence at the single protein level. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9063-9076. [PMID: 29718032 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein adsorption onto polymer surfaces is of great importance in designing biomaterials, improving bioanalytical devices, and controlling biofouling, to name a few examples. Although steady research efforts have been advancing this field, our knowledge of this ubiquitous and complex phenomenon is still limited. In this study, we elucidate competitive protein adsorption behaviors sequentially occurring onto nanoscale block copolymer (BCP) surfaces via combined experimental and computer simulation approaches. The model systems chosen for our investigation are immunoglobulin G and fibrinogen introduced in different orders into the self-assembled nanodomains of poly(styrene)-block-poly(methylmethacrylate). We unambiguously reveal the adsorption, desorption, and replacement events of the same protein molecules via single protein tracking with atomic force microscopy. We then ascertain adsorption-related behaviors such as lateral mobility and self-association of proteins. We provide the much-needed, direct experimental proof of sequential adsorption events at the biomolecular level, which was virtually nonexistent before. We determine key protein adsorption pathways and dominant tendencies of sequential protein adsorption. We also reveal preadsorbed surface-associated behaviors in sequential adsorption, distinct from situations involving initially empty surfaces. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations to further substantiate our experimental outcomes. Our endeavors in this study may facilitate a well-guided mechanistic understanding of protein-polymer interactions by providing definite experimental evidence of competitive, sequential adsorption at the nanoscale. Increasingly, biomaterial and biomedical applications rely on systems of multicomponent proteins and chemically intricate, nanoscale polymer surfaces. Hence, our findings can also be beneficial for the development of next-generation nanobiomaterials and nanobiosensors exploiting self-assembled BCP nanodomain surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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9
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Kumar R, Urtizberea A, Ghosh S, Bog U, Rainer Q, Lenhert S, Fuchs H, Hirtz M. Polymer Pen Lithography with Lipids for Large-Area Gradient Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017. [PMID: 28650173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gradient patterns comprising bioactive compounds over comparably (in regard to a cell size) large areas are key for many applications in the biomedical sector, in particular, for cell screening assays, guidance, and migration experiments. Polymer pen lithography (PPL) as an inherent highly parallel and large area technique has a great potential to serve in the fabrication of such patterns. We present strategies for the printing of functional phospholipid patterns via PPL that provide tunable feature size and feature density gradients over surface areas of several square millimeters. By controlling the printing parameters, two transfer modes can be achieved. Each of these modes leads to different feature morphologies. By increasing the force applied to the elastomeric pens, which increases the tip-surface contact area and boosts the ink delivery rate, a switch between a dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) and a microcontact printing (μCP) transfer mode can be induced. A careful inking procedure ensuring a homogeneous and not-too-high ink-load on the PPL stamp ensures a membrane-spreading dominated transfer mode, which, used in combination with smooth and hydrophilic substrates, generates features with constant height, independently of the applied force of the pens. Ultimately, this allows us to obtain a gradient of feature sizes over a mm2 substrate, all having the same height on the order of that of a biological cellular membrane. These strategies allow the construction of membrane structures by direct transfer of the lipid mixture to the substrate, without requiring previous substrate functionalization, in contrast to other molecular inks, where structure is directly determined by the printing process itself. The patterns are demonstrated to be viable for subsequent protein binding, therefore adding to a flexible feature library when gradients of protein presentation are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Physical Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Urtizberea
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) , Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Uwe Bog
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Quinn Rainer
- Florida State Univ , Dept Biol Sci and Integrat NanoSci Inst, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 United States
| | - Steven Lenhert
- Florida State Univ , Dept Biol Sci and Integrat NanoSci Inst, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 United States
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Physical Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Carter MCD, Jennings J, Speetjens FW, Lynn DM, Mahanthappa MK. A Reactive Platform Approach for the Rapid Synthesis and Discovery of High χ/Low N Block Polymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. D. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James Jennings
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Frank W. Speetjens
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Shen L, Zhu J. Oriented Protein Nanoarrays on Block Copolymer Template. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:494-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 China
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12
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Novel lift-off technique for Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging of block copolymer films. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 150:71-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Tran H, Ronaldson K, Bailey NA, Lynd NA, Killops KL, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Campos LM. Hierarchically ordered nanopatterns for spatial control of biomolecules. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11846-53. [PMID: 25363506 PMCID: PMC4246004 DOI: 10.1021/nn505548n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development and study of a benchtop, high-throughput, and inexpensive fabrication strategy to obtain hierarchical patterns of biomolecules with sub-50 nm resolution is presented. A diblock copolymer of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide), PS-b-PEO, is synthesized with biotin capping the PEO block and 4-bromostyrene copolymerized within the polystyrene block at 5 wt %. These two handles allow thin films of the block copolymer to be postfunctionalized with biotinylated biomolecules of interest and to obtain micropatterns of nanoscale-ordered films via photolithography. The design of this single polymer further allows access to two distinct superficial nanopatterns (lines and dots), where the PEO cylinders are oriented parallel or perpendicular to the substrate. Moreover, we present a strategy to obtain hierarchical mixed morphologies: a thin-film coating of cylinders both parallel and perpendicular to the substrate can be obtained by tuning the solvent annealing and irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kacey Ronaldson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nevette A. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kato L. Killops
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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14
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Abstract
The ability to assemble NPs into ordered structures that are expected to yield collective physical or chemical properties has afforded new and exciting opportunities in the field of nanotechnology. Among the various configurations of nanoparticle assemblies, two-dimensional (2D) NP patterns and one-dimensional (1D) NP arrays on surfaces are regarded as the ideal assembly configurations for many technological devices, for example, solar cells, magnetic memory, switching devices, and sensing devices, due to their unique transport phenomena and the cooperative properties of NPs in assemblies. To realize the potential applications of NP assemblies, especially in nanodevice-related applications, certain key issues must still be resolved, for example, ordering and alignment, manipulating and positioning in nanodevices, and multicomponent or hierarchical structures of NP assemblies for device integration. Additionally, the assembly of NPs with high precision and high levels of integration and uniformity for devices with scaled-down dimensions has become a key and challenging issue. Two-dimensional NP patterns and 1D NP arrays are obtained using traditional lithography techniques (top-down strategies) or interfacial assembly techniques (bottom-up strategies). However, a formidable challenge that persists is the controllable assembly of NPs in desired locations over large areas with high precision and high levels of integration. The difficulty of this assembly is due to the low efficiency of small features over large areas in lithography techniques or the inevitable structural defects that occur during the assembly process. The combination of self-assembly strategies with existing nanofabrication techniques could potentially provide effective and distinctive solutions for fabricating NPs with precise position control and high resolution. Furthermore, the synergistic combination of spatially mediated interactions between nanoparticles and prestructures on surfaces may play an increasingly important role in the controllable assembly of NPs. In this Account, we summarize our approaches and progress in fabricating spatially confined assemblies of NPs that allow for the positioning of NPs with high resolution and considerable throughput. The spatially selective assembly of NPs at the desired location can be achieved by various mechanisms, such as, a controlled dewetting process, electrostatically mediated assembly of particles, and confined deposition and growth of NPs. Three nanofabrication techniques used to produce prepatterns on a substrate are summarized: the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) patterning technique, e-beam lithography (EBL), and nanoimprint lithography (NPL). The particle density, particle size, or interparticle distance in NP assemblies strongly depends on the geometric parameters of the template structure due to spatial confinement. In addition, with smart design template structures, multiplexed NPs can be assembled into a defined structure, thus demonstrating the structural and functional complexity required for highly integrated and multifunction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Physikalisches
Institut, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitat Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
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