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Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang G, Liu Y, Gao C. Preparation and properties of flame retardant biobased polyamide elastomer with shape memory. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong eco Chemical Collaborative Innovation Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong eco Chemical Collaborative Innovation Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong eco Chemical Collaborative Innovation Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong eco Chemical Collaborative Innovation Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong eco Chemical Collaborative Innovation Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Chuanhui Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong eco Chemical Collaborative Innovation Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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MODIFICATION OF MONTMORILLONITE FOR OBTAINING NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON POLAR POLYMERS. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/polymerj.44.04.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review covers almost all known categories of compounds used to modify montmorillonite to obtain nanocomposites based on polar polymers. Organic modifiers such as quaternary ammonium ions, quaternary phosphonium ions, amino acids and other organic compounds are commonly used to modify montmorillonite (MMT). The main directions of scientific research in this field are considered, namely the modification of MMT with ammonium surfactants, phosphonium surfactants, amino acids and nonionic surfactants. The review used 67 sources related to peer-reviewed publications, mostly from the last 10-15 years. The largest number of publications devoted to the modification of MMT was published in the period from 2004 to 2016. Nanocomposites based on epoxy resins are especially widely presented in the literature. Epoxy-based materials have been used for many years as convenient matrices for dispersing MMT due to the advantages of properties of the obtained polymer nanocomposites, such as mechanical strength, non-flammability and thermal stability. The methods of surface modification of MMT with organic modifiers considered in the article are a powerful tool for the production of polymer nanocomposite materials based on polar polymers. Amine modification of MMT allowed the formation of highly effective materials, in particular epoxy/MMT materials. These nanocomposites have demonstrated extraordinary material properties compared to virgin polymers and can therefore be used as an alternative to conventional materials such as steel and wood, reducing the cost and weight of products. Nanocomposites based on polar polymers occupy an important place among all polymer nanocomposites as modern materials used in the aerospace, automotive and electrical industries.
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Abstract
Achieving special features in polymer composites, such as flame retardancy and thermal and electrical conductivity, often requires the application of different additives, which might negatively affect other properties of the polymer matrix and the composite structure. Furthermore, the application of solid additives in composites produced by liquid transfer moulding can lead to the filtration of the additive by the reinforcement, which causes a non-uniform particle distribution and an uneven performance. An evident solution to address these issues is to apply the additives in a separate layer on the surface of the composite. As in many applications, gelcoats are used to reach appropriate surface quality, a reasonable progression in the composite industry is the development of multifunctional gelcoats. In this article, after a short introduction to gelcoats and their main base materials (unsaturated polyester, epoxy, and others) multifunctional gelcoats are discussed according to their functionality, in particular water resistance, electric conductivity and flame retardancy. Classical and novel gelcoat preparation methods (application by brush and/or roller, spraying, UV-curing, in-mould gelcoating), as well as common defects that occur during gelcoating are discussed. Finally, the testing methods of multifunctional gelcoats are outlined.
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