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Xu Z, Zhai X, Bai X. Amplifiers of environmental risk of microplastics in sewage sludge: Thermal drying treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167029. [PMID: 37704158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge was already identified as an important source of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Therefore, investigating the effects of sludge treatment processes on sludge-based MPs is essential for understanding the environmental risks and controlling their release. This study investigated the occurrence characteristics and elucidated the fragmentation mechanism of sludge-based MPs before and after the thermal drying treatment of sludge. The results showed that this treatment increased the abundance of sludge-based MPs by about 10-fold, with enhanced fragmentation and fracture parameters, and increased the abundance of <100 μm MPs to >60 %. Remarkably, both polypropylene-microplastics (PP-MPs) and polyethylene terephthalate-microplastics (PET-MPs) did not show significant chemical aging. The structural analysis showed that the molecular chain disorientation and secondary crystallization of PP-MPs and PET-MPs occurred. These transformations caused the contraction of the polymer molecular chains and the generation of micro-mechanical stresses, leading to the formation of warpage structures and stress cracking on the MPs' surface. These phenomena also contributed to the further fragmentation of the MPs and the development of finer MPs particles. The findings of the present investigations emphasize that the thermal drying of sewage sludge amplifies the environmental risk of sludge-based MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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2
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Tian Y, Cen H, Zheng X, Zeng Z, Xu W, Hu T, Gong X, Hu C, Wu C. Enhancing the crystallinity and heat resistance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using
ZnCl
2
‐ionized polyamide‐66 as a heterogeneous nucleator. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfu Tian
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Wuhan Kingfa Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Hongyu Cen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang Hubei China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang Hubei China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Jingmen City Huafu Polymeric Materials Co., Ltd. Jingmen Hubei China
| | - Wen Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Tao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang Hubei China
| | - Xinghou Gong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang Hubei China
| | - Chuanqun Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang Hubei China
| | - Chonggang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang Hubei China
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Lee TH, Liu H, Forrester MJ, Shen L, Wang TP, Yu H, He JH, Li W, Kraus GA, Cochran EW. Next-Generation High-Performance Biobased Naphthalate-Modified PET for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hengzhou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Michael J. Forrester
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Liyang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Tung-ping Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Huangchao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jia-Hao He
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - George A. Kraus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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4
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Kulkarni A. Effect of ionic interactions on crystallization of star telechelic poly(l-lactide) ionomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Poly(maleic acid-co-acrylic acid) ionomer as nucleating agent on the crystallization behavior and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Huang WT, He GJ, Tang WD, Zou XL, Yin XC. A facile approach to realize simultaneously chain extension and crystallization promotion of poly (ethylene terephthalate). Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Yin Y, Jiang B, Meng L. Research on synthesis and thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) sulfonate group containing ionomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box: 1254 Harbin China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box: 1254 Harbin China
| | - Linghui Meng
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box: 1254 Harbin China
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Xing S, Li R, Si J, Tang P. In situ polymerization of poly(styrene- alt -maleic anhydride)/organic montmorillonite nanocomposites and their ionomers as crystallization nucleating agents for poly(ethylene terephthalate). J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xing S, Li R, Tang P. Synthesis and Microphase Separation of PS-b-P(MA-alt-St) Block Copolymers and Their Ionomers for the Design of Polymer Crystallization Nucleation Agents. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shili Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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